CN104054478A - Cultivating method capable of overcoming obstacles of potatoes - Google Patents
Cultivating method capable of overcoming obstacles of potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104054478A CN104054478A CN201410210050.2A CN201410210050A CN104054478A CN 104054478 A CN104054478 A CN 104054478A CN 201410210050 A CN201410210050 A CN 201410210050A CN 104054478 A CN104054478 A CN 104054478A
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Abstract
According to the conventional cultivating technology of potatoes, a successive cropping obstacle, a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and serious plant diseases and insect pests lead to low yield, poor quality and high pesticide residue. The invention provides a cultivating method which can fully develop the advantages of potato moving cultivation and improve potato production benefit. The processes adopted by the cultivating method are as follows: cultivation preparing, seeding, plantation fixing, regulate and control treating, fertilizer and water managing and harvesting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method, particularly one and overcome potato obstacle breeding method.
Background technology
Potato is the fruit of plant of Solanaceae eggplant, is annual herb plant, originates in Southeast Asia one band, imports China when the Western Han Dynastry into, so far the cultivation history of existing more than 2000 year.Eggplant all has cultivation all over China, be the popular food that people like, and can prevent and treat various diseases, has very high medical value.Eggplant is nontoxic.
Tradition potato is cultivated technology, because of its continuous cropping obstacle, and high ambient temperature, high humidity, damage by disease and insect occurs serious, causes yielding poorly, poor quality, persticide residue be high.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of this invention is to provide a kind of advantage of cultivation of can giving full play to potato and move, improve the new breeding method of potato production benefit.
Technical scheme: 1, one overcomes potato obstacle breeding method, and the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
1) cultivate and prepare: pack ridging into sack, put on greenhouse cultivation groove according to cultivating density criterion; By greenhouse floor file cloth, and inside greenhouse is carried out disinfection;
2) grow seedlings: adopt the mixed-matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses, Mu Yan, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite to add water, pack into without native point disk seedling growing, then sow, water, moisturizing vernalization, in the time of 75%～95% seed hogback, moves to greenhouse by seedling dish;
3) field planting: in the time that plant grows 1～2 leaf, be transplanted in larger artificial greenhouse, in the time that plant grows 5～6 leaves, then be transplanted to large field;
4) regulation and control are processed: the mepiquat chloride that squaring period, working concentration was 50～200mg/L, and in flowering stage, spray is respectively 50～150mg/L and 20～100mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate and drop-proof agent by concentration;
5) rich water quality management: be included in pour seedling recovering water after the slow seedling of field planting, then suitably restraining the growth of seedlings, selects fine day to water the morning, with backsight seedling growing way and the soil water
Point water, at seedling-slowing stage, spray 0.3% urea, adopted after fruit at every turn, spray the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% urea+0.3%;
6) gather: gather in time according to the market demand and potato physical maturity degree.
Good for making as cultivating basic culture medium quality, reduce damage by disease and insect and occur, step 1) described in cultivation ridging before putting into and cultivating bag, must process disinfect, thimerosal is formalin solution.
In described regulation and control treatment process, the mepiquat chloride that used squaring period is used by the amount of every mu of 2L,
Interval sprays 1 time for 1 day again, uses by the amount of every mu of 5L, and methyl α-naphthyl acetate and the drop-proof agent that used flowering stage are
Adopt spraying inflorescence mode, every 2 spray 1 time, all use by the amount of every mu of 4L at every turn.
In described rich water quality management operation, saidly water depending on seedling growing way and soil moisture, for watering 1 time every 5 left and right, after watering, leak informaton in time, avoid low temperature and high relative humidity to bring out various diseases, at seedling-slowing stage, the urea spraying is every 4 times, spray altogether 2 times, adopted after fruit at every turn, the urea liquid spraying is sprayed onto that blade face is moistening is advisable.
The described consumption of using base manure is by 67m
2use urea 1040kg, superphosphate 730kg, potassium sulfate 5～4kg, zinc sulphate 2～6kg.
Beneficial effect: advantage of the present invention is that twice transplanting potato extended 10～30 days than the capsicum of once transplanting breeding time, obtains 100～200 DEG C of effective accumulated temperature more; The configuration of mepiquat chloride is adjusted according to different growing stages, reaches optimum growh effect, makes potato growth stalwartness, increases output, improves quality, thereby damage by disease and insect is reduced, and the usage amount of agricultural chemicals reduces, and environmental pollution reduces.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment is only not used in and limits the scope of the invention for the present invention is described, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the amendment of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
One overcomes potato obstacle breeding method, and the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
1) cultivate and prepare: cultivate ridging and can select Mu Yan, the peat composed of rotten mosses or both mixed-matrixes, cultivate before ridging is used and must carry out disinfection, by drip-irrigation system, use the formalin thimerosal of 20 times of left and right; Bag selects the pollution-free vegetable growth special plastic film that milky is opaque or white black and white is outside two-sided to make, and cultivating bag is pillow type, and the about 10L of volume cultivates 2～5 strain cherry and tomatos for every bag.Cultivation ridging through disinfecting is packed in bag, put on greenhouse breeding groove according to cultivating density criterion, cultivate density and be generally 1 strain/m
2～5 strains/m
2, breeding groove is North and South direction to be placed, and has 2% the gradient, before transplanting, offers 1～3 lateral aperture at the liftoff 3cm～6cm of sack drain-side place.
By the Land leveling in greenhouse, Bei Gaonan is slightly low, then covers one deck black ground cloth, isolated soil-borne disease insect pest.Sterilization can be used ecological sterilization, utilizes the vexed canopy of high temperature to carry out ecology sterilization in summer, general the in the situation that of fine day, about 7 days; Also can with medicament sterilization, splashed with saturated limewater in the places such as four jiaos in greenhouse, dead angle, growing frame, breeding groove, drip irrigation system, with 10% tpn aerosol 200g/667m
2carry out disinfection.
2) grow seedlings: employing is without native point disk seedling growing, and with the cave dish in domestic 50 caves, with the mixed-matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses and wooden rock or the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, matrix and the apparatus of growing seedlings must be sterilized, and available 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soaks or 500 times of liquid of carbendazim of 50% are sprayed.Generally select the small fruit type kind of low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, indeterminate growth that disease resistance is strong, as 72～68 of Holland, cherub, little holy peach etc., before sowing, matrix adds suitable quantity of water, mix and pack cave dish into, about 1cm～the 1.5cm of sowing depth, cover one deck vermiculite or perlite above, broadcast and irrigate with clear water afterwards, then moisturizing vernalization.Before emerging, preference temperature is 25 DEG C of left and right, in the time of 60%～70% seed hogback, in time seedling dish is moved on the frame of nursing young plants in hothouses and is afforested.10 DEG C～27 DEG C of seedling temperature in suitable daytime, night 18 DEG C～20 DEG C of temperature.Between nursery stage, note the cooling of shading, water and want even, seedling cotyledon is open and flat, true leaf is while starting to grow, waters every other day 0.8ms/cm～1.2ms/cm complete nutrition liquid one time.
3) field planting: in the time that plant grows 1～2 leaf, be transplanted in larger artificial greenhouse, in the time that plant grows 5～6 leaves, then be transplanted to large field; The field planting degree of depth is advisable to reach cotyledonary node, and a large amount of irrigation in a week after field planting, in order to root growth; After field planting, drench in time sufficient normal root water, and add agricultural streptomycin 10g in every 100kg normal root water, prevention bacterial disease.
Twice transplanting of said plant, refers to after sowing and grow plant and once transplants, and after transplanting after long a period of time of plant regeneration, more once transplants.
4) regulation and control are processed: the mepiquat chloride that squaring period, working concentration was 50～200mg/L, in flowering stage, spray is respectively 50～150mg/L and 20～100mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate and drop-proof agent by concentration.
5) rich water quality management: be included in pour seedling recovering water after the slow seedling of field planting, then suitably restraining the growth of seedlings, select fine day to water the morning, water with backsight seedling growing way and soil moisture, after watering, leak informaton in time, at seedling-slowing stage, spray 0.2% urea, adopt after fruit at every turn, sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2% urea+0.2%;
6) gather: gather in time according to the market demand and potato physical maturity degree.
Environment control: the requirement difference of potato different growing to temperature humidity, as shown in table 1, should maintain in optimum range as far as possible, take night insulation winter, utilize summer and shade, help to lower the temperature by window, ventilating fan, spray etc.;
Table 1: the requirement of potato different growing to environmental condition
Main diseases pest control: greenhouse disease insect pest occurs less, mainly contains the insect pests such as the diseases such as gray mold, virus disease, leaf mold and aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, can adopt targetedly biopesticide or low-toxin farm chemicals to prevent and treat.
Claims (4)
1. overcome a potato obstacle breeding method, the concrete steps of the method are as follows:
1) cultivate and prepare: pack ridging into sack, put on greenhouse cultivation groove according to cultivating density criterion; By greenhouse floor file cloth, and inside greenhouse is carried out disinfection;
2) grow seedlings: adopt the mixed-matrix of the peat composed of rotten mosses, Mu Yan, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite to add water, pack into without native point disk seedling growing, then sow, water, moisturizing vernalization, in the time of 75%～95% seed hogback, moves to greenhouse by seedling dish;
3) field planting: in the time that plant grows 1～2 leaf, be transplanted in larger artificial greenhouse, in the time that plant grows 5～6 leaves, then be transplanted to large field;
4) regulation and control are processed: the mepiquat chloride that squaring period, working concentration was 50～200mg/L, and in flowering stage, spray is respectively 50～150mg/L and 20～100mg/L methyl α-naphthyl acetate and drop-proof agent by concentration;
5) rich water quality management: be included in pour seedling recovering water after the slow seedling of field planting, then suitably restraining the growth of seedlings, selects fine day to water the morning, with backsight seedling growing way and the soil water
Point water, at seedling-slowing stage, spray 0.3% urea, adopted after fruit at every turn, spray the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3% urea+0.3%;
6) gather: gather in time according to the market demand and potato physical maturity degree.
As claimed in claim 1 a kind ofly overcome potato obstacle breeding method, step 1) in, cultivate ridging and can select Mu Yan, the peat composed of rotten mosses or both mixed-matrixes, cultivate before ridging is used and must carry out disinfection, by drip-irrigation system, use the formalin thimerosal of 20 times of left and right; Bag selects the pollution-free vegetable growth special plastic film that milky is opaque or white black and white is outside two-sided to make, and cultivating bag is pillow type, and the about 10L of volume cultivates 2～5 strain cherry and tomatos for every bag.Cultivation ridging through disinfecting is packed in bag, put on greenhouse breeding groove according to cultivating density criterion, cultivate density and be generally 1 strain/m2～5 strain/m2, breeding groove is North and South direction and places, there is 2% the gradient, before transplanting, offer 1～3 lateral aperture at the liftoff 3cm～6cm of sack drain-side place.
As claimed in claim 1 a kind ofly overcome potato obstacle breeding method, step 2) in, the apparatus of growing seedlings must be sterilized, available 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate soaks or 500 times of liquid sprayings of carbendazim of 50%.
As claimed in claim 1 a kind ofly overcome potato obstacle breeding method, step 3) in, after field planting, drench in time sufficient normal root water, and add agricultural streptomycin 10g in every 100kg normal root water, prevention bacterial disease.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105409561A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for greenhouse potatoes by repeatedly harvesting for many times |
| CN105474980A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-04-13 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Planting method of greenhouse potatoes |
| CN105815070A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-08-03 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for quickening later-period natural maturity of autumn delayed lycopersicon esculentum in greenhouse |
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| CN102934574A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Planting method of intercropping green manure for potatoes |
| JP2013146260A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-08-01 | Takeo Kawarai | Practical biomass cultivation |
| CN103621289A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Tomato soilless culture method |
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1669394A (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2005-09-21 | 江汉大学 | Chemical method for controlling and cultivating high yield high grade hot pepper |
| JP2008263891A (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-11-06 | Yukijirushi Shubyo Kk | High zinc-containing tuber and root |
| CN102027851A (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2011-04-27 | 江苏大学 | Out-of-season efficient matrix bag cultivation method of potato |
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| CN102934574A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Planting method of intercropping green manure for potatoes |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105409561A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for greenhouse potatoes by repeatedly harvesting for many times |
| CN105474980A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-04-13 | 和县绿源蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Planting method of greenhouse potatoes |
| CN105815070A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2016-08-03 | 安徽科技学院 | Method for quickening later-period natural maturity of autumn delayed lycopersicon esculentum in greenhouse |
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Application publication date: 20140924 |