CN103782803A - Greenhouse early-maturing watermelon cultivation technique - Google Patents
Greenhouse early-maturing watermelon cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782803A CN103782803A CN201210429905.1A CN201210429905A CN103782803A CN 103782803 A CN103782803 A CN 103782803A CN 201210429905 A CN201210429905 A CN 201210429905A CN 103782803 A CN103782803 A CN 103782803A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse early-maturing watermelon cultivation technique. The technique includes grafting 'early spring ruby', 'early resistance number 1' and 'black beauty' with 'gourd watermelon' (also called rich watermelon, gourd ladle watermelon and north watermelon); cultivating in a seedling bed to be large seedlings prior to transplanting the large seedlings in plastic greenhouse for management; successively harvesting for being on the market after tenth of May. After grafting, watermelons are strong and healthy in root system, strong in growth, high in stress resistance, higher in yield and good in economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Dongting Lake Area booth early mature watermelon culture technique.
Background technology
In recent years Dongting Lake Area plastic tunnel is produced and is developed rapidly, has greatly alleviated the supply of winter vegetable, has brought abundant economic well-being of workers and staff to peasant household simultaneously.The daylighting of plastic tunnel is good, heats successful, and the vegetables that can meet under cryogenic conditions produce.Cultivate early mature watermelon high efficiency, the huge market demand early spring.Plant one batch of watermelon this period if utilized, have higher economic benefit and promotional value, but cultivate early spring, early mature watermelon is high to melon seedling cultivation technical requirement, difficulty is large.By Dongting Lake Area booth early mature watermelon culture technique, can make melon shoot root is that strong prosperity, growing way are prosperous, strong stress resistance.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Dongting Lake Area booth early mature watermelon culture technique, be that early spring carbuncle, early anti-No. one, black beauty and bottle gourd (in the local dialect again title: rich melon, lagenaria sicerariae, pumpkin) are transferred after knot, in seedling bed, cultivate into after seedlings and transplant to plastic tunnel and manage.
Described clean canopy sterilization is after preceding vegetable harvest home, suitably ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and disinfects, and landfill humus while ploughing deeply, in conjunction with executing people and animals' fertilizer; Spray with 1500 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or dimethachlon, use liquid 200kg for every mu, carry out soil sterilization processing, every mu of the booth of soil meta-acid is executed quicklime 100-15Okg, regulates the Acidity of Aikalinity of soil in booth.
Described cultivation strong sprout, in sowing mid-January, before sowing, first bask seeds 2 days, then carry out seed disinfection; The one, hot water treatment of seeds, seed is put into the warm water of 55~60 ℃ and soak 5~10min, during this, constantly stir seed, 1~2h then soaks seed in progressively cooling warm water; The 2nd, with medicament sterilization, first soaks 3~4h with clear water, then uses 100 times of immersion kind 5~10min of formalin of 40%, also can soak 5~10min with 1% copper sulfate solution, finally seed is rinsed well to keep flat with clear water and dries;
After stock seed disinfection place, be placed in insulating box and keep 30~35 ℃ of vernalization, the seed of sorting out germination after 2~3 days every day successively program request in seedbed; In the time that stock rough leaf reaches monobasic coin-size, sowing scion seed; As scion height of seedling 3~5cm, 95% above fringe seedling top melon seed cases comes off, and after straight neck, transfers knot;
After grafting, spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, in booth, on seedbed, take sunshade net, after grafting, in 3 days, require air humidity 90%~95%, daytime canopy temperature 24~28 ℃, night canopy temperature at 20~25 ℃, spraying and moisturizing when humidity is inadequate, stuffy, when noon, canopy temperature reached 35 ℃, can ventilate on a small quantity at opaco; After 3 days, can suitably ventilate and see light; After 7 days, can remove sunshade net, extend ventilation time; After 10 days, remove covering completely.The accessory bud that after grafting survival, repeated multiple times excision stock is sprouted, and strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Described field planting is March 5~15, when seedling reaches 2~3 true leaves, and by 40~45 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 2.5~3 meters of line-spacings, perforate on mulch film, when field planting, grafting mouth should be higher than 1~1.5 centimetre, furrow face; After field planting, in 1 week, booth will reduce ventilation, makes canopy temperature be controlled at 30 ℃ of left and right daytime, remains on 15 ℃ of left and right night, light pour seedling recovering water after slow seedling.Stretch canopy temperature daytime climing phase with 25~30 ℃, remain on night more than 15 ℃.
The management of described booth, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant when 40~50 centimetres of climing length of melon, press every 4~6 joints later once climing, sit stay before melon 1 main 2 secondary 3 climing, melon is no longer pruned after sitting.Bloom and sit melon phase canopy temperature and remain on 30~35 ℃, night daytime and be not less than 15 ℃, do not apply fertilizer, strictly control water; In booth, insect is less, needs artificial supplementary pollination, and the artificial pollination time is 8:30~11:30 in the morning, 3~5 female flowers of general every strain pollination; Children's melon grows to egg when size, and 2~3 the fruit shapes of selecting and remain are good, grows soon without the young melon of wound, and remaining is extractd, and prevents from consuming nutrient.200~300 grams, children's melon, pinches when l0 sheet leaf is grown in top, joint position; Melon expanding stage and maturing stage leak informaton in time, make canopy temperature control below 35 ℃, but nocturnal temperature must not, lower than 18 ℃, carry out normal rich water quality management, stops watering after sizing, prevents that melon skin is by sun burn; Damping off, anthracnose, epidemic disease, powdery mildew etc., dislike mould Lingshui Spring agent, 50% powder of carbendazim or 500 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder with 15% and prevent and treat 1 time for 7~10 days, uses continuously 3 times.Insect pest mainly contains aphid, liriomyza bryoniae etc., with imidacloprid wettable powder or 500 times of liquid spraying controls of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.
The present invention to be to be that early spring carbuncle, early anti-No. one, black beauty and bottle gourd (in the local dialect again title: rich melon, lagenaria sicerariae, pumpkin) are transferred after knot, cultivates into after seedlings and transplants to plastic tunnel and manage, the listing of gathering successively after May 10 in seedling bed.Watermelon is by transferring after knot, and the strong prosperity of root system, growing way are prosperous, strong stress resistance, and output increases, good in economic efficiency.
Embodiment
A kind of Dongting Lake Area booth early mature watermelon culture technique, be that early spring carbuncle, early anti-No. one, black beauty and bottle gourd (in the local dialect again title: rich melon, lagenaria sicerariae, pumpkin) are transferred after knot, in seedling bed, cultivate into after seedlings and transplant to plastic tunnel and manage.
One, clean canopy sterilization
The booth that before selecting, stubble was not planted melon crop, as plantation field, after preceding vegetable harvest home, carries out suitable disinfecting.
1, clean canopy
Stop behind garden, before greenhouse gardening second stubble crop, when soil still in the time of the free time, should promptly be ploughed deeply and sun the earth which has been ploughed up in booth.Utilize solar ultraviolet to irradiate killing pathogenic bacteria, promote soil weathering, strengthen permeability.
2, broad irrigation
Soil tillage is broken into pieces, raked, then in booth, pour water, make disease in plastic shed soil, bacterium in poor environment, kill the germs such as sickle-like bacteria, sac fungi, phycomycetes.After broad irrigation simultaneously, be conducive to organism corruption, change the native physicochemical character of bed, coordinate the soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat.
3, Chemical treatment
First by weeds in field, the removings such as the undesirable root of preceding vegetable, stem, leaf, then turn over.In conjunction with executing people and animals' fertilizer, spray with 1500 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or dimethachlon, every mu with liquid 200 kg, carries out soil sterilization processing.
Chemical fertilizer is planted year after year and partially executed to booth internal cause, and the most of slant acidity of soil, for this type of booth, executes quicklime 100-15Okg for every mu, regulates the Acidity of Aikalinity in booth, is beneficial to the normal growth of lower batch.
Two, cultivate strong sprout
1, kind is selected
Owing to planting watermelon early spring, temperature is on the low side, rainwater is more, and Watermelon Fruit is ripe slow, and fruit type is less than normal, therefore preferably selects the vigorous middle fruit type early-maturing variety of disease-resistant, moisture-proof, growth potential for transferring knot seedling, as early spring carbuncle, early resist No. one, black beauty etc.Stock is mainly take resistance, bottle gourd that affinity is high (claiming again in the local dialect: rich melon, lagenaria sicerariae, pumpkin) as main.
2, seedtime
Sowing mid-January.
3, seed treatment and sowing
Before sowing, first bask seeds 2 days, to increase the vigor of Interior Seed enzyme, then carry out seed disinfection.Sterilization method has two kinds: the one, hot water treatment of seeds, and seed is put into the warm water of 55~60 ℃ and soak 5~10min, during this, constantly stir seed, 1~2h then soaks seed in progressively cooling warm water; The 2nd, with medicament sterilization, first soaks 3~4h with clear water, then uses 100 times of immersion kind 5~10min of formalin of 40%, also can soak 5~10min with 1% copper sulfate solution.Finally seed is rinsed well to keep flat with clear water and dry, seed should not be piled blocked uply, covers 1 block of wet towel or plastic film through sterilization above, in case moisture evaporation.
After stock seed disinfection place, be placed in insulating box and keep 30~35 ℃ of vernalization, the seed of sorting out germination after 2~3 days every day successively program request in seedbed.Sow the buried humus in front seedbed, utilize humus fermentation heating seedbed.After planting use covering with plastic film seedbed, plastic house seedbed again.
After 10~15 days, true leaf occurs, in the time that stock rough leaf reaches monobasic coin-size, and sowing scion seed.
4, grafting time
As scion height of seedling 3~5cm, 95% above fringe seedling top melon seed cases comes off, and after straight neck, transfers knot.
5, managing after grafting
After grafting, with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, in booth, on seedbed, take sunshade net, to reach the object of heat and moisture preserving lucifuge.After grafting, in 3 days, require air humidity 90%~95%, daytime canopy temperature 24~28 ℃, night canopy temperature at 20~25 ℃, spraying and moisturizing when humidity is inadequate, stuffy, when noon, canopy temperature reached 35 ℃, can ventilate on a small quantity at opaco; After 3 days, can suitably ventilate and see light; After 7 days, can remove sunshade net, extend ventilation time; After 10 days, remove covering completely.The accessory bud that after grafting survival, repeated multiple times excision stock is sprouted, and strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Three, field planting
March 5~15, when seedling reaches 2~3 true leaves, the fine day of choosing " the warm head of cold tail " carries out field planting, and before field planting, l~2 day are fully drenched seedling bed, are convenient to lifting.
By 40~45 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 2.5~3 meters of line-spacings, perforate on mulch film, when field planting, grafting mouth should be higher than 1~1.5 centimetre, furrow face, will water permeablely after field planting, then covers booth, notices that melon seedling shelters from heat or light.
After field planting, in 1 week, booth will reduce ventilation, makes canopy temperature be controlled at 30 ℃ of left and right daytime, remains on 15 ℃ of left and right night, light pour seedling recovering water after slow seedling.Stretch canopy temperature daytime climing phase with 25~30 ℃, remain on night more than 15 ℃.
Four, booth management
1, training
When 40~50 centimetres of climing length of melon, keep down the vines of a creeping plant, press every 4~6 joints later once climing, sit stay before melon 1 main 2 secondary 3 climing, melon is no longer pruned after sitting.Bloom and sit melon phase canopy temperature and remain on 30~35 ℃, night daytime and be not less than 15 ℃, do not apply fertilizer, strictly control water.
2, artificial pollination
In booth, insect is less, needs artificial supplementary pollination, and the artificial pollination time is 8:30~11:30 in the morning, 3~5 female flowers of general every strain pollination.
3, determine melon
Children's melon grows to egg when size, and 2~3 the fruit shapes of selecting and remain are good, grows soon without the young melon of wound, and remaining is extractd, and prevents from consuming nutrient.200~300 grams, children's melon, pinches when l0 sheet leaf is grown in top, joint position.
4, ventilation, temperature, rich water quality management
Melon expanding stage and maturing stage leak informaton in time, make canopy temperature control below 35 ℃, but nocturnal temperature must not, lower than 18 ℃, carry out normal rich water quality management, stops watering after sizing, prevents that melon skin is by sun burn.
5, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The extermination of disease and insect pest should be relied mainly on prevention, the comprehensive regulation.Damping off, anthracnose, epidemic disease, powdery mildew etc., dislike mould Lingshui Spring agent, 50% powder of carbendazim or 500 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder with 15% and prevent and treat 1 time for 7~10 days, uses continuously 3 times.Insect pest mainly contains aphid, liriomyza bryoniae etc., with imidacloprid wettable powder or 500 times of liquid spraying controls of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.
Claims (5)
- , a kind of booth early mature watermelon culture technique, be that early spring carbuncle, early anti-No. one, black beauty and bottle gourd are transferred after knot, in seedling bed, cultivate into after seedlings and transplant to plastic tunnel and manage.
- 2. a kind of booth early mature watermelon culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that described clean canopy sterilization is after preceding vegetable harvest home, suitably ploughs deeply and suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and disinfects, and landfill humus while ploughing deeply, in conjunction with executing people and animals' fertilizer; Spray with 1500 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl or dimethachlon, use liquid 200kg for every mu, carry out soil sterilization processing, every mu of the booth of soil meta-acid is executed quicklime 100-15Okg, regulates the Acidity of Aikalinity of soil in booth.
- 3. a kind of booth early mature watermelon culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that described cultivation strong sprout, in sowing mid-January, first basking seeds 2 days before sowing, then carries out seed disinfection; The one, hot water treatment of seeds, seed is put into the warm water of 55~60 ℃ and soak 5~10min, during this, constantly stir seed, 1~2h then soaks seed in progressively cooling warm water; The 2nd, with medicament sterilization, first soaks 3~4h with clear water, then uses 100 times of immersion kind 5~10min of formalin of 40%, also can soak 5~10min with 1% copper sulfate solution, finally seed is rinsed well to keep flat with clear water and dries; After stock seed disinfection place, be placed in insulating box and keep 30~35 ℃ of vernalization, the seed of sorting out germination after 2~3 days every day successively program request in seedbed; In the time that stock rough leaf reaches monobasic coin-size, sowing scion seed; As scion height of seedling 3~5cm, 95% above fringe seedling top melon seed cases comes off, and after straight neck, transfers knot; After grafting, spray with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, in booth, on seedbed, take sunshade net, after grafting, in 3 days, require air humidity 90%~95%, daytime canopy temperature 24~28 ℃, night canopy temperature at 20~25 ℃, spraying and moisturizing when humidity is inadequate, stuffy, when noon, canopy temperature reached 35 ℃, can ventilate on a small quantity at opaco; After 3 days, can suitably ventilate and see light; After 7 days, can remove sunshade net, extend ventilation time; After 10 days, remove covering completely.The accessory bud that after grafting survival, repeated multiple times excision stock is sprouted, and strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest.
- 4. a kind of booth early mature watermelon culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that described field planting is March 5~15, when seedling reaches 2~3 true leaves, by 40~45 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 2.5~3 meters of line-spacings, perforate on mulch film, when field planting, grafting mouth should be higher than 1~1.5 centimetre, furrow face; After field planting, in 1 week, booth will reduce ventilation, makes canopy temperature be controlled at 30 ℃ of left and right daytime, remains on 15 ℃ of left and right night, light pour seedling recovering water after slow seedling.Stretch canopy temperature daytime climing phase with 25~30 ℃, remain on night more than 15 ℃.
- 5. a kind of booth early mature watermelon culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that described booth management, when 40~50 centimetres of climing length of melon, keeps down the vines of a creeping plant, press every 4~6 joints later once climing, sit stay before melon 1 main 2 secondary 3 climing, melon is no longer pruned after sitting.Bloom and sit melon phase canopy temperature and remain on 30~35 ℃, night daytime and be not less than 15 ℃, do not apply fertilizer, strictly control water; In booth, insect is less, needs artificial supplementary pollination, and the artificial pollination time is 8:30~11:30 in the morning, 3~5 female flowers of general every strain pollination; Children's melon grows to egg when size, and 2~3 the fruit shapes of selecting and remain are good, grows soon without the young melon of wound, and remaining is extractd, and prevents from consuming nutrient.200~300 grams, children's melon, pinches when l0 sheet leaf is grown in top, joint position; Melon expanding stage and maturing stage leak informaton in time, make canopy temperature control below 35 ℃, but nocturnal temperature must not, lower than 18 ℃, carry out normal rich water quality management, stops watering after sizing, prevents that melon skin is by sun burn; Damping off, anthracnose, epidemic disease, powdery mildew etc., dislike mould Lingshui Spring agent, 50% powder of carbendazim or 500 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder with 15% and prevent and treat 1 time for 7~10 days, uses continuously 3 times.Insect pest mainly contains aphid, liriomyza bryoniae etc., with imidacloprid wettable powder or 500 times of liquid spraying controls of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate.
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