CN104396553A - Sunflower cultivation method - Google Patents
Sunflower cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396553A CN104396553A CN201410802764.2A CN201410802764A CN104396553A CN 104396553 A CN104396553 A CN 104396553A CN 201410802764 A CN201410802764 A CN 201410802764A CN 104396553 A CN104396553 A CN 104396553A
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- sunflower
- planting block
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sunflower cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: cutting arable land into sunflower planting blocks and pest-resisting crop planting blocks, and planting sunflowers and Vernonia anthelmintica Willd and/or Artemisia vulgaris on the sunflower planting blocks and the pest-resisting crop planting blocks to prevent and control the pest and disease damage. Meanwhile, the Vernonia anthelmintica Willd and the Artemisia vulgaris are good economic crops, so that the economic benefit of sunflower planting is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sunflower cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of sunflower cultivation method.
Background technology
During sunflower outdoor cropping, root system is more flourishing, drought-resistant, waters spring seldom, early summer temperature raise, water evaporation quantity larger time, just need supplement and water.Sunflower is happiness photosensitiveness flowers, and whole growth and development stage all needs sufficient sunlight, buddings to blooming, and being needs water peak, and water requirement accounts for 43% of gross water requirement.This phase lack of water, very large to yield effect, bloom also more to ripe water requirement, account for total Water 38%, if water deficient, not only affect output, but also reduce fat content.Whole sunflower vegetative stage is all different to the requirement of moisture, light and temperature.Therefore, need to provide a kind of new technical scheme to solve the problems referred to above.
Chemical pesticide, effectively can improve the output of sunflower planting, but the problem of environmental pollution that brings of the use of agricultural chemicals and food-safety problem also more and more come more serious.Particularly to this kind of crop of sunflower, the water and soil pollution that the use of its agricultural chemicals causes and residue of pesticide harm also even more serious, be therefore necessary to provide a kind of sunflower cultivation method, when not using agricultural chemicals, can prevent and treat damage by disease and insect, improve the output of sunflower.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of sunflower cultivation method, it utilizes diversity of organism, when not using agricultural chemicals, can prevent and treat damage by disease and insect, improves the output of sunflower.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of sunflower cultivation method, comprises the steps:
S1, select good species, seed is processed: by the sunflower seeds airing process 1 ~ 2d except mould impurity elimination, the ulking thickness of airing time control production of hybrid seeds is 2 ~ 3cm, seed after airing is soaked 6 hours, after adopting efficient suction fungicide seed treatment, the diseases such as anti-stalk break and downy mildew, can kill bulbil and the mycelia of attachment the surface of the seed with carbendazim spraying;
S2, use sufficient base fertilizer, per hectare applies 30 to 40 cubic metres, the grey compost becoming thoroughly decomposed, ferment, and executes diammonium phosphate 150-200 kilogram and urea 100-150 kilogram;
S3, will cultivate Ground Split and become sunflower planting block and pest control crop-planting block, sunflower planting block and pest control crop-planting block are that interleaved shape is arranged, pest control crop comprises expelling parasite chrysanthemum and/or wormwood.
S4, offer drain ditch cultivating on block, drain ditch is offered along the edge junction between sunflower planting block and pest control crop-planting block, and drain ditch is used for putting bullfrog or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed;
S5, rob before grab early, in good time early sowing, pest control crop-planting block is sowed wormwood in November in the first year and/or is being sowed expelling parasite chrysanthemum April then, and after sunflower is sowed in drain ditch on sunflower planting block, 15 ~ 30d puts bullfrog and/or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed;
S6, early seedling thinning, early final singling, when seedling grow to two to straight leaf time, carry out final singling, emerge to squaring period, carry out 2-3 intertill and clean tillage, ridging of should deep ploughing for the last time, prevents down shape, but it should be noted and can not hinder root; Topdressing should be in good time, and again rationally, sunflower buddings to flowering stage, and per hectare chases after farmyard manure 150 kilograms, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%-0.4%, sees growing way and determines, and chases after once or secondary;
S7, buddingging to flowering stage, sunflower often has branching to occur, once find, immediately except wooden fork, reduces the consumption of moisture and nutrient, ensures the needs of stem floral disc to nutrient and moisture;
S8, at floral disc of sunflower formation stages, flowering stage and pustulation period, Scientific irrigation that should be in good time, appropriate, especially runs into arid, should irrigate in time, meets sunflower at the needs of growth and development stage to moisture.
S9, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, about when pollination time every morning 10, the morning 9 is up to 11 time, generally can pollinate 2-3 time
Wherein, sunflower planting block and the column-shaped interleaved arrangement in a row of pest control crop-planting block, drain ditch becomes roundabout shape to arrange along sunflower planting block with pest control crop-planting block edge junction.
Wherein, the width of sunflower planting block is 80cm ~ 200cm, and the width of pest control crop-planting block is 30 ~ 50cm, and the width in drain ditch is 25 ~ 35cm.
Wherein, farmyard manure is the ight soil of poultry, urine, green manure, silkworm faeces obtain according to mass ratio 1 ~ 2: 0.5 ~ 1: 3 ~ 4: 1 ~ 2 mixed culture fermentation.
The present invention has following beneficial effect
Sunflower planting block and pest control crop-planting block is become by Ground Split will be cultivated, sunflower and expelling parasite chrysanthemum and/or wormwood is planted respectively at sunflower planting block and pest control crop-planting block, can prevent and treat damage by disease and insect, simultaneously, wormwood, expelling parasite chrysanthemum are also good economic crops, improve the economic benefit of sunflower planting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram after cultivating ground cultivating treatment;
Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-2, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sunflower cultivation method, comprise the steps:
S1, select good species, seed is processed: by the sunflower seeds airing process 1 ~ 2d except mould impurity elimination, the ulking thickness of airing time control production of hybrid seeds is 2 ~ 3cm, seed after airing is soaked 6 hours, after adopting efficient suction fungicide seed treatment, the diseases such as anti-stalk break and downy mildew, can kill bulbil and the mycelia of attachment the surface of the seed with carbendazim spraying;
S2, use sufficient base fertilizer, per hectare applies 30 to 40 cubic metres, the grey compost becoming thoroughly decomposed, ferment, and executes diammonium phosphate 150-200 kilogram and urea 100-150 kilogram;
S3, will cultivate Ground Split and become sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20 are arranged in interleaved shape, and pest control crop comprises expelling parasite chrysanthemum and/or wormwood.
S4, offer drain ditch 30 cultivating on block, drain ditch 30 is offered along the edge junction between sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, and drain ditch 30 is for putting bullfrog or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed;
S5, rob before grab early, in good time early sowing, pest control crop-planting block 20 is sowed wormwood in November in the first year and/or is being sowed expelling parasite chrysanthemum April then, and after sunflower is sowed in drain ditch 30 on sunflower planting block 10,15 ~ 30d puts bullfrog and/or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed
S6, early seedling thinning, early final singling, when seedling grow to two to straight leaf time, carry out final singling, emerge to squaring period, carry out 2-3 intertill and clean tillage, ridging of should deep ploughing for the last time, prevents down shape, but it should be noted and can not hinder root; Topdressing should be in good time, and again rationally, sunflower buddings to flowering stage, and per hectare chases after farmyard manure 150 kilograms, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%-0.4%, sees growing way and determines, and chases after once or secondary;
S7, buddingging to flowering stage, sunflower often has branching to occur, once find, immediately except wooden fork, reduces the consumption of moisture and nutrient, ensures the needs of stem floral disc to nutrient and moisture;
S8, at floral disc of sunflower formation stages, flowering stage and pustulation period, Scientific irrigation that should be in good time, appropriate, especially runs into arid, should irrigate in time, meets sunflower at the needs of growth and development stage to moisture.
S9, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, about when pollination time every morning 10, the morning 9 is up to 11 time, generally can pollinate 2-3 time.
Sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20 column-shaped interleaved arrangement in a row, drain ditch 30 becomes roundabout shape to arrange along sunflower planting block 10 with pest control crop-planting block 20 edge junction; The width of sunflower planting block 10 is 80cm ~ 200cm, and the width of pest control crop-planting block 20 is 30 ~ 50cm, and the width in drain ditch 30 is 25 ~ 35cm.
Wherein, farmyard manure is the ight soil of poultry, urine, green manure, silkworm faeces obtain according to mass ratio 1 ~ 2: 0.5 ~ 1: 3 ~ 4: 1 ~ 2 mixed culture fermentation.
Embodiment 1
S11, select good species, seed is processed: by the sunflower seeds airing process 1 ~ 2d except mould impurity elimination, the ulking thickness of airing time control production of hybrid seeds is 2cm, seed after airing is soaked 6 hours, after adopting efficient suction fungicide seed treatment, the diseases such as anti-stalk break and downy mildew, can kill bulbil and the mycelia of attachment the surface of the seed with carbendazim spraying;
S12, use sufficient base fertilizer, per hectare applies 30 cubic metres, the grey compost becoming thoroughly decomposed, ferment, and executes diammonium phosphate 150 kilograms and urea double centner;
S13, will cultivate Ground Split and become sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20 are arranged in interleaved shape, and pest control crop comprises expelling parasite chrysanthemum and/or wormwood.
S14, offer drain ditch 30 cultivating on block, drain ditch 30 is offered along the edge junction between sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, and drain ditch 30 is for putting bullfrog or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed;
S15, rob before grab early, in good time early sowing, pest control crop-planting block 20 is sowed wormwood in November in the first year and/or is being sowed expelling parasite chrysanthemum April then, and after sunflower is sowed in drain ditch 30 on sunflower planting block 10,15d puts bullfrog and/or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed
S16, early seedling thinning, early final singling, when seedling grow to two to straight leaf time, carry out final singling, emerge to squaring period, carry out 2-3 intertill and clean tillage, ridging of should deep ploughing for the last time, prevents down shape, but it should be noted and can not hinder root; Topdressing should be in good time, and again rationally, sunflower buddings to flowering stage, and per hectare chases after farmyard manure 150 kilograms, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%, sees growing way and determines, and chases after once or secondary;
S17, buddingging to flowering stage, sunflower often has branching to occur, once find, immediately except wooden fork, reduces the consumption of moisture and nutrient, ensures the needs of stem floral disc to nutrient and moisture;
S18, at floral disc of sunflower formation stages, flowering stage and pustulation period, Scientific irrigation that should be in good time, appropriate, especially runs into arid, should irrigate in time, meets sunflower at the needs of growth and development stage to moisture.
S19, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, about when pollination time every morning 10, the morning 9 is up to 11 time, generally can pollinate 2-3 time
Embodiment 2
S21, select good species, seed is processed: by the sunflower seeds airing process 1 ~ 2d except mould impurity elimination, the ulking thickness of airing time control production of hybrid seeds is 3cm, seed after airing is soaked 6 hours, after adopting efficient suction fungicide seed treatment, the diseases such as anti-stalk break and downy mildew, can kill bulbil and the mycelia of attachment the surface of the seed with carbendazim spraying;
S22, use sufficient base fertilizer, per hectare applies 40 cubic metres, the grey compost becoming thoroughly decomposed, ferment, and executes diammonium phosphate 200 kilograms and 150 kilograms, urea;
S23, Ground Split will be cultivated become sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, Xiang
Certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plantation block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20 are arranged in interleaved shape, and pest control crop comprises expelling parasite chrysanthemum and/or wormwood.
S24, offer drain ditch 30 cultivating on block, drain ditch 30 is offered along the edge junction between sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, and drain ditch 30 is for putting bullfrog or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed;
S25, rob before grab early, in good time early sowing, pest control crop-planting block 20 is sowed wormwood in November in the first year and/or is being sowed expelling parasite chrysanthemum April then, and after sunflower is sowed in drain ditch 30 on sunflower planting block 10,15 ~ 30d puts bullfrog and/or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed
S26, early seedling thinning, early final singling, when seedling grow to two to straight leaf time, carry out final singling, emerge to squaring period, carry out 2-3 intertill and clean tillage, ridging of should deep ploughing for the last time, prevents down shape, but it should be noted and can not hinder root; Topdressing should be in good time, and again rationally, sunflower buddings to flowering stage, and per hectare chases after farmyard manure 150 kilograms, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.4%, sees growing way and determines, and chases after once or secondary;
S27, buddingging to flowering stage, sunflower often has branching to occur, once find, immediately except wooden fork, reduces the consumption of moisture and nutrient, ensures the needs of stem floral disc to nutrient and moisture;
S28, at floral disc of sunflower formation stages, flowering stage and pustulation period, Scientific irrigation that should be in good time, appropriate, especially runs into arid, should irrigate in time, meets sunflower at the needs of growth and development stage to moisture.
S29, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, about when pollination time every morning 10, the morning 9 is up to 11 time, generally can pollinate 3 times.
Embodiment 3
S31, select good species, seed is processed: by the sunflower seeds airing process 1 ~ 2d except mould impurity elimination, the ulking thickness of airing time control production of hybrid seeds is 2.5cm, seed after airing is soaked 6 hours, after adopting efficient suction fungicide seed treatment, the diseases such as anti-stalk break and downy mildew, can kill bulbil and the mycelia of attachment the surface of the seed with carbendazim spraying;
S32, use sufficient base fertilizer, per hectare applies 35 cubic metres, the grey compost becoming thoroughly decomposed, ferment, and executes diammonium phosphate 175 kilograms and 125 kilograms, urea;
S33, will cultivate Ground Split and become sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20 are arranged in interleaved shape, and pest control crop comprises expelling parasite chrysanthemum and/or wormwood.
S34, offer drain ditch 30 cultivating on block, drain ditch 30 is offered along the edge junction between sunflower planting block 10 and pest control crop-planting block 20, and drain ditch 30 is for putting bullfrog or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed;
S35, rob before grab early, in good time early sowing, pest control crop-planting block 20 is sowed wormwood in November in the first year and/or is being sowed expelling parasite chrysanthemum April then, and after sunflower is sowed in drain ditch 30 on sunflower planting block 10,15 ~ 30d puts bullfrog and/or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed
S36, early seedling thinning, early final singling, when seedling grow to two to straight leaf time, carry out final singling, emerge to squaring period, carry out 2.5 intertill and clean tillages, ridging of should deep ploughing for the last time, prevents down shape, but it should be noted and can not hinder root; Topdressing should be in good time, and again rationally, sunflower buddings to flowering stage, and per hectare chases after farmyard manure 150 kilograms, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.3%, sees growing way and determines, and chases after once or secondary;
S37, buddingging to flowering stage, sunflower often has branching to occur, once find, immediately except wooden fork, reduces the consumption of moisture and nutrient, ensures the needs of stem floral disc to nutrient and moisture;
S38, at floral disc of sunflower formation stages, flowering stage and pustulation period, Scientific irrigation that should be in good time, appropriate, especially runs into arid, should irrigate in time, meets sunflower at the needs of growth and development stage to moisture.
S39, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, about when pollination time every morning 10, the morning 9 is up to 11 time, generally can pollinate 2.5 times.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a sunflower cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1, select good species, seed is processed: by the sunflower seeds airing process 1 ~ 2d except mould impurity elimination, the ulking thickness of airing time control production of hybrid seeds is 2 ~ 3cm, seed after airing is soaked 6 hours, after adopting efficient suction fungicide seed treatment, bulbil and the mycelia of attachment the surface of the seed can be killed with carbendazim spraying;
S2, use sufficient base fertilizer, per hectare applies 30 to 40 cubic metres, the grey compost becoming thoroughly decomposed, ferment, and executes diammonium phosphate 150-200 kilogram and urea 100-150 kilogram;
S3, Ground Split will be cultivated become sunflower planting block (10) and pest control crop-planting block (20), sunflower planting block (10) and pest control crop-planting block (20) are arranged in interleaved shape, and pest control crop comprises expelling parasite chrysanthemum and/or wormwood.
S4, offer drain ditch (30) cultivating on block, drain ditch (30) is offered along the edge junction between sunflower planting block (10) and pest control crop-planting block (20), and drain ditch (30) are for putting bullfrog or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed;
S5, rob before grab early, in good time early sowing, pest control crop-planting block (20) is sowed wormwood in November in the first year and/or is being sowed expelling parasite chrysanthemum April then, and drain ditch (30) 15 ~ 30d after sunflower planting block (10) upper sowing sunflower puts bullfrog and/or soft-shelled turtle in a suitable place to breed
S6, early seedling thinning, early final singling, when seedling grow to two to straight leaf time, carry out final singling, emerge to squaring period, carry out 2-3 intertill and clean tillage, ridging of should deep ploughing for the last time, prevents down shape, but it should be noted and can not hinder root; Topdressing should be in good time, and again rationally, sunflower buddings to flowering stage, and per hectare chases after farmyard manure 150 kilograms, ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, and full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2%-0.4%, sees growing way and determines, and chases after once or secondary.
S7, buddingging to flowering stage, sunflower often has branching to occur, once find, immediately except wooden fork, reduces the consumption of moisture and nutrient, ensures the needs of stem floral disc to nutrient and moisture;
S8, at floral disc of sunflower formation stages, flowering stage and pustulation period, Scientific irrigation that should be in good time, appropriate, especially runs into arid, should irrigate in time, meets sunflower at the needs of growth and development stage to moisture.
S9, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, about when pollination time every morning 10 (morning 9 is up to 11 time), generally can pollinate 2-3 time
2. sunflower cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the in a row column-shaped interleaved arrangement of sunflower planting block (10) and pest control crop-planting block (20), drain ditch (30) become roundabout shape to arrange along sunflower planting block (10) with pest control crop-planting block (20) edge junction.
3. sunflower cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the width of sunflower planting block (10) is 80cm ~ 200cm, the width of pest control crop-planting block (20) is 30 ~ 50cm, and the width of drain ditch (30) is 25 ~ 35cm.
4. sunflower cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: farmyard manure is the ight soil of poultry, urine, green manure, silkworm faeces obtain according to mass ratio 1 ~ 2: 0.5 ~ 1: 3 ~ 4: 1 ~ 2 mixed culture fermentation.
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| CN201410802764.2A CN104396553A (en) | 2014-12-13 | 2014-12-13 | Sunflower cultivation method |
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| CN201410802764.2A CN104396553A (en) | 2014-12-13 | 2014-12-13 | Sunflower cultivation method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104798637A (en) * | 2015-05-09 | 2015-07-29 | 陕西学前师范学院 | Asarum sieboldii Miq planting and pest control method |
| CN106134675A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2016-11-23 | 天津市澍丰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of intercropping method of Helianthi |
| CN106386468A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-02-15 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Hybrid seed production method of edible sunflower |
| CN107548905A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-09 | 海门市兵杰农产品有限公司 | The improvement cultural method of sunflower |
| CN107690865A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-02-16 | 隆林惠侬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of germination method of sunflower seeds |
| CN108293653A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-07-20 | 海门市兵杰农产品有限公司 | Sunflower quick cultivating method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106134675A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2016-11-23 | 天津市澍丰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of intercropping method of Helianthi |
| CN104798637A (en) * | 2015-05-09 | 2015-07-29 | 陕西学前师范学院 | Asarum sieboldii Miq planting and pest control method |
| CN106386468A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-02-15 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Hybrid seed production method of edible sunflower |
| CN107690865A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2018-02-16 | 隆林惠侬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of germination method of sunflower seeds |
| CN107548905A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-09 | 海门市兵杰农产品有限公司 | The improvement cultural method of sunflower |
| CN108293653A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-07-20 | 海门市兵杰农产品有限公司 | Sunflower quick cultivating method |
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