CN105359810A - Rotation tillage planting method for totally returning double cropping straws of wheat and rice - Google Patents
Rotation tillage planting method for totally returning double cropping straws of wheat and rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359810A CN105359810A CN201510873197.4A CN201510873197A CN105359810A CN 105359810 A CN105359810 A CN 105359810A CN 201510873197 A CN201510873197 A CN 201510873197A CN 105359810 A CN105359810 A CN 105359810A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop farming and cultivation and discloses a rotation tillage planting method for totally returning double cropping straws of wheat and rice. The rotation tillage planting method for totally returning double cropping straws of wheat and rice comprises: after harvesting wheat, totally crushing and returning the straws; after dry land regulation of a wheat field, filling the wheat field with water and pulping, and maintaining a 1-2 cm inter-field water layer; after weeding, mechanically transplanting rice seedlings; performing fertilizer and water management and pest control in a rice season; after rice is ripe, harvesting rice by a combine-harvester, and totally crushing and returning the straws; and after harvesting, performing tillage and airing and rotary tillage operations, and then sowing wheat. According to the rotation tillage planting method for totally returning double cropping straws of wheat and rice provided by the invention, on the premise of totally returning double cropping straws of wheat and rice, the soil structure and the soil quality are improved by changing a tillage mode of soil in the rice season, so that the planting and growth of a next crop of wheat are not affected. Moreover, in a key production link, mechanical operations are adopted, so that labor intensity and a production cost are lowered substantially, and meanwhile, total returning of the straws facilitates cultivating soil fertility so as to achieve carbon sink effect and reduce environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crops farming measures field, particularly relate to the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of staple food crop of China, and cultivated area, at about 0.33 hundred million hectare, accounts for 23% of world's paddy rice gross area, and China about has the population of 60% to take rice as food, and therefore, the stable high yield of paddy rice is particularly important to the grain security of China.Rice field-upland field rotation district is mainly distributed in the some areas on the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and Yangtze-Huai Plain hills, comprise 5 provinces such as Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei Province, river, it is the important grain wheat oil main producing region of China, wherein paddy rice, wheat cultivation area account for 36.2%, 24.7% of the whole nation respectively, in guarantee national food security, play key effect.However; still there is the phenomenons such as farmland quality degeneration, resource utilization low (accessory substance-stalk mainly in agricultural production), heavy fertile heavy medicine in production; rural laborer's structure transfer simultaneously; modern agriculture is made to trend towards scale of operation gradually; agricultural machines future development, this just proposes new challenge to existing farming system.In China, the annual stalk about having 700,000,000 tons, the effect that straw-returning is fostered and apply fertilizer for soil tillage is unquestionable, but because straw-returning mode, method are improper and supportingly take turns cultivated technology and agricultural machinery lacks, reality still fails fully to show its effect increased production and improved productivity in producing, and also field enthusiasm is not high thus to cause straw from village, and majority is taked to burn, arbitrarily pile phenomenons such as abandoning, serious waste natural resources, brings serious environmental pollution simultaneously.Therefore, study rice wheat system full dose straw-returning and supportingly take turns cultivated technology and seem particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the cultivation in turn method that the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two is provided, improve resource anniversary availability, improvement topsoil structure and quality, thus realize rice wheat production mechanization, saving of labor, save time, abridged edition, highly efficient and productive, eco-friendly sustainable development.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two, comprises the following steps:
(1) adopt full-feeding combine harvester to gather in the crops after wheat maturation, stubble height 20 ~ 30cm, the stalk full dose after threshing is pulverized and is evenly spread on face, field;
(2) carry out drought wholely after harvesting wheat, then go up water making beating, keep field water layer 1 ~ 2cm;
(3) closed operation, chemical weed control;
(4) treat soil heavy real 2 ~ 3 days, adopt plastic floppy disk seedling, proper seedling age carries out machine transplanting of rice operation;
(5) water management: maintenance shoaling layer after rice transplanting completes, shift to an earlier date or postponement dry field according to group size seedling stage to peak, heading flowering period keeps field shoaling layer, and the pustulation period carries out Dry-wet alternate irrigation in good time;
(6) fertilizer management: tillering fertilizer applies after planting for 5 ~ 7 days, 10 ~ 12 days at twice; Ear manuer divides short fertilizers for potted flowers and protects fertilizers for potted flowers, respectively at falling for 4 leaf phases with 2 leaf phases applied for twice;
(7) prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer in time tillering stage, stage is rice blast, rice leaf roller and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect;
(8) paddy rice maturation afterwards in time draining to dry in the air field, when soil hardboard, adopt full-feeding combine harvester results, stubble height 10 ~ 20cm, the stalk full dose after threshing is pulverized and is evenly spread on face, field;
(9), after rice harves completes, carry out turn over airing, rotary tillage process, then sow wheat.
In step (2), after harvesting wheat, water is not first gone up in field, adopts the whole ground rotary tillage twice of rotovator drought, first dextrorotation, carry out mechanical planarization afterwards, basal dressing, trench digging, carry out the derotation of cover ditch, suppression again, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm, and stalk turns over buried depth degree 5 ~ 10cm.
Base manure described in step (2) is every mu and executes pure N4 ~ 5kg, P
2o
56 ~ 9kg.
The 50% the third careless amine are adopted in step (3) to carry out weeding.
In step (4), adopt plastic floppy disk seedling, the length of time rice seedlings grow is 16 ~ 20 days, and specification 25cm × 12.5cm is planted in field, every cave 5 ~ 6 seedling, Basic Seedling 11 ~ 120,000/mu.
In step (5), after the machine transplanting of rice terminates, meet fine day high temperature, seedling-protection of pouring water in time; Adopt the diligent filling mode of shallow water after turning green, increase soil oxygen content on the one hand, reduce pernicious gas enrichment, promote on the other hand to tiller and early send out fast sending out; Fall when field stem tiller number reaches 80% of number of productive ear dry dry field in time, to reduce ineffective tillering, improves the percentage of earbearing tiller; Heading flowering period keeps field shoaling layer, and the pustulation period carries out Dry-wet alternate irrigation.
In step (6), fertile every mu of primary tiller executes pure N5 ~ 7kg; Fertile every mu of second order tillering executes pure N3 ~ 4kg.Pure N4 ~ 5kg executed by short fertilizers for potted flowers every mu, protects fertilizers for potted flowers every mu and executes pure N2 ~ 3kg.To promote clever flower development and to prevent grain husk flower from degenerating, ensure grain number per spike.
In step (9), paddy field is turned over airing 1 ~ 2 day, rotovator operation 1 time, trench digging; Adopt that wheat drill carries out applying fertilizer, derotation, sowing, suppression institutional operation.
The good effect of the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two of the present invention is as follows: under wheat rice straw total crop return, by changing rice season soil cultivation mode, improve soil structure and soil quality, ensure that lower stubble wheat is planted, it is unaffected to grow, and crucial production link adopts do mechanization operation, significantly reduce labour intensity and production cost, the total crop return of stalk is conducive to culture fertility simultaneously, realizes the environmental pollution that carbon remittance effect causes with minimizing crop straw burning.
Embodiment
Be described in detail below in conjunction with the cultivation in turn method of embodiment to the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two of the present invention.
The cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of embodiment 1 wheat of the present invention paddy rice two, concrete implementation step is as follows:
1, front preparation is broadcast
(1) kind prepares: select Mid-season japonica rice kind.
(2) soil prepares: select soil opposed flattened, difference of height little and the field that leveling difficulty is less, insert as non-irrigated complete machine.
2, machinery drought wholely: adopt full-feeding combine harvester to gather in the crops after wheat maturation, stubble height about 25cm, and the stalk full dose after threshing is pulverized and is evenly spread on face, field.Rotovator is adopted to carry out drought wholely, rotary tillage twice: carry out mechanical planarization after (1) first dextrorotation, basal dressing, trench digging, a flute is opened in 6 ~ 7 meters, furrow face, and furrow width controls within 18cm, and the degree of depth is at about 15cm; (2) carry out the derotation of cover ditch again, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 12cm, and the buried depth degree that turns over of Wheat Straw is 8cm.Go up water making beating afterwards, keep field water layer 1 ~ 2cm.
Adopt the mode on the whole ground of above-mentioned drought, avoid soil aggregate and be destroyed, be conducive to increasing soil permeability, reducing the bulk density of soil and the degree of packing, improvement soil structure.
3, the 50% the third careless amine are adopted to carry out closed operation, chemical weed control.
4, paddy rice is planted
Paddy rice transplant depth controls at 2 ~ 3 centimetres, 1 cm larger than water whole ground transplant depth, in case drift seedling.Machine transplanting of rice specification adopts row, spacing in the rows is 25cm × 12.5cm, about mu plants 2.2 ten thousand caves, about the seedling of every cave 5 ~ 6, and every mu 11 ~ 120,000 Basic Seedlings.
5, water management
Maintenance shoaling layer after rice transplanting completes.After turning green, adopt the diligent filling mode of shallow water to carry out, water layer remains on 2 ~ 3cm, so that increase soil oxygen content, reduces pernicious gas enrichment, promotes to tiller and early sends out fast sending out; Shift to an earlier date (or postponement) dry field according to group size seedling stage to peak in good time, to reduce ineffective tillering, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller; Heading flowering period keeps field shoaling layer, and the pustulation period carries out Dry-wet alternate irrigation.
6, nutrient management
Every mu of pure N consumption 20kg, P
2o
5every mu of consumption 8kg, wherein every mu, base manure pure N4kg, P
2o
58kg.Plant and within latter 5 days, apply the pure N of the fertile 6kg of primary tiller, plant and within latter 10 days, apply the pure N of the fertile 4kg of second order tillering.Ear manuer divides short fertilizers for potted flowers and guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers to fall for 4 leaf phases with 2 leaf phases applied for twice in paddy rice, is respectively pure N4kg and 2kg.
7, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Tillering stage prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight and striped rice borer in time, and stage is the damage by disease and insect such as rice blast, rice leaf roller and rice fulgorid.
8, rice harves in good time
Draining is dried in the air field, until Grain Ripening and soil plate is hard time, adopt full-feeding combine harvester results in fine day, stubble height about 15cm, the stalk full dose after threshing is pulverized and is evenly spread on face, field.
9, wheat cultivation
After rice harves completes, carry out turning over operation, through airing 1 ~ 2 day, rotary tillage 1 time, trench digging, then adopt that wheat drill carries out applying fertilizer, derotation, sowing, suppression institutional operation.
10, wheat rich water quality management
Use sufficient base manure, execute strong fetilizer for tillering ingeniously, jointing is fertile.If soil moisture can meet requirement of emerging during sowing, then do not need to pour water, otherwise should pour water to ensure to emerge; Poured water before winter and survive the winter.
11, Unifying control field disease pest and weed.
Embodiment 2 adopts the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two of the present invention to carry out production test in 2013 ~ 2014 years on Yancheng City Huanghai Sea farm, Jiangsu Province, China, experimental field belong to subtropical climate district, warm temperate zone, the whole district is greater than the accumulated temperature 4500 ~ 6500 DEG C of 10 DEG C throughout the year, sunshine duration 700 ~ 1500 hours, rice makes phase precipitation 700 ~ 1600mm, be more typical rice-Mai Liang Shu district, and mechanization degree is higher, is suitable for the enforcement of the inventive method.
2013 ~ 2014 years, Yancheng City Huanghai Sea farm, Jiangsu Province adopts method of the present invention, under wheat rice straw full dose chopping and returning, adopt the cultivation in turn mode of the machine transplanting of rice behind the whole ground of rear rotary tillage drilling-rice season drought of turning in wheat season, Wheat Production drops into 568.1 yuan/mu, output 501.6kg/ mu, the output value 1170.33 yuan/mu, net earnings 602.2 yuan/mu; Rice Production drops into 780.90 yuan/mu, output 612.0kg/ mu, the output value 1632.65 yuan/mu, net earnings 851.75 yuan/mu, annual total revenue 1453.95 yuan/mu.Adopt the contrast field that rear rotary tillage drilling of turning in wheat season-rice season tradition water soil preparation machine is inserted, Wheat Production drops into 582.3 yuan/mu, output 480.2kg/ mu, the output value 1120.40 yuan/mu, net earnings 538.1 yuan/mu; Rice Production drops into 822.11 yuan/mu, output 606.0kg/ mu, the output value 1616.64 yuan/mu, net earnings 794.53 yuan/mu, annual total revenue 1332.63 yuan/mu.
Embodiment 3 adopts the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two of the present invention to carry out production test in 2014 ~ 2015 years on Yancheng City Huanghai Sea farm, Jiangsu Province, experimental field belong to subtropical climate district, warm temperate zone, the whole district is greater than the accumulated temperature 4500 ~ 6500 DEG C of 10 DEG C throughout the year, sunshine duration 700 ~ 1500 hours, rice makes phase precipitation 700 ~ 1600mm, be more typical rice-Mai Liang Shu district, and mechanization degree is higher, is suitable for the enforcement of the inventive method.
2014 ~ 2015 years, Yancheng City Huanghai Sea farm, Jiangsu Province adopts method of the present invention, under wheat rice straw full dose chopping and returning, adopt the cultivation in turn mode of the machine transplanting of rice behind the whole ground of rear rotary tillage drilling-rice season drought of turning in wheat season, Wheat Production drops into 545.1 yuan/mu, output 498kg/ mu, the output value 1160.34 yuan/mu, net earnings 615.24 yuan/mu, Rice Production drops into 726.20 yuan/mu, output 765.2kg/ mu, the output value 2066.04 yuan/mu, net earnings 1339.84 yuan/mu, annual total revenue 1955.08 yuan/mu.Adopt the contrast field that rear rotary tillage drilling of turning in wheat season-rice season tradition water soil preparation machine is inserted, wheat drops into 565.75 yuan/mu, output 477kg/ mu, the output value 1112.99 yuan/mu, net earnings 547.24 yuan/mu, Rice Production drops into 768.30 yuan/mu, output 746.5kg/ mu, the output value 2015.55 yuan/mu, net earnings 1247.25 yuan/mu; Annual total revenue 1794.49 yuan/mu.
The sequencing of above embodiment, only for ease of describing, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
Last it is noted that above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (9)
1. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) adopt full-feeding combine harvester to gather in the crops after wheat maturation, stubble height 20 ~ 30cm, the stalk full dose after threshing is pulverized and is evenly spread on face, field;
(2) carry out drought wholely after harvesting wheat, then go up water making beating, keep field water layer 1 ~ 2cm;
(3) closed operation, chemical weed control;
(4) treat soil heavy real 2 ~ 3 days, adopt plastic floppy disk seedling, proper seedling age carries out machine transplanting of rice operation;
(5) water management: maintenance shoaling layer after rice transplanting completes, shift to an earlier date or postponement dry field according to group size seedling stage to peak, heading flowering period keeps field shoaling layer, and the pustulation period carries out Dry-wet alternate irrigation in good time;
(6) fertilizer management: tillering fertilizer applies after planting for 5 ~ 7 days, 10 ~ 12 days at twice; Ear manuer divides short fertilizers for potted flowers and protects fertilizers for potted flowers, respectively at falling for 4 leaf phases with 2 leaf phases applied for twice;
(7) prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight, striped rice borer in time tillering stage, stage is rice blast, rice leaf roller and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect;
(8) paddy rice maturation afterwards in time draining to dry in the air field, when soil hardboard, adopt full-feeding combine harvester results, stubble height 10 ~ 20cm, the stalk full dose after threshing is pulverized and is evenly spread on face, field;
(9), after rice harves completes, carry out turn over airing, rotary tillage process, then sow wheat.
2. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (2), and after harvesting wheat, water is not first gone up in field, adopt the whole ground rotary tillage twice of rotovator drought, first dextrorotation, carries out mechanical planarization afterwards, basal dressing, trench digging; Carry out the derotation of cover ditch, suppression again, the rotary tillage degree of depth is 10 ~ 15cm, and stalk turns over buried depth degree 5 ~ 10cm.
3. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described base manure is every mu and executes pure N4 ~ 5kg, P
2o
56 ~ 9kg.
4. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt in step (3) the 50% the third careless amine to carry out weeding.
5. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (4), adopts plastic floppy disk seedling, the length of time rice seedlings grow is 16 ~ 20 days, specification 25cm × 12.5cm is planted in field, every cave 5 ~ 6 seedling, Basic Seedling 11 ~ 120,000/mu.
6. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (5), after the machine transplanting of rice terminates, and meets fine day high temperature, seedling-protection of pouring water in time; Adopt the diligent filling mode of shallow water after turning green, increase soil oxygen content on the one hand, reduce pernicious gas enrichment, promote on the other hand to tiller and early send out fast sending out; Fall when field stem tiller number reaches 80% of number of productive ear dry dry field in time, to reduce ineffective tillering, improves the percentage of earbearing tiller; Heading flowering period keeps field shoaling layer, and the pustulation period carries out Dry-wet alternate irrigation.
7. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (6), and fertile every mu of primary tiller executes pure N5 ~ 7kg; Fertile every mu of second order tillering executes pure N3 ~ 4kg.
8. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (6), and pure N4 ~ 5kg executed by short fertilizers for potted flowers every mu, protects fertilizers for potted flowers every mu and executes pure N2 ~ 3kg.
9. the cultivation in turn method of the ripe returning total stalks into fields of wheat paddy rice two according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (9), to turn over airing 1 ~ 2 day to paddy field, rotovator operation 1 time, trench digging; Adopt that wheat drill carries out applying fertilizer, derotation, sowing, suppression institutional operation.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105766303A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Wheat after-sowing compacting seedling strengthening method based on rice straw returning application |
| CN107027565A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-08-11 | 湖州市道场乡资产经营有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods that rice quality is lifted in yangtse-huaihe region |
| CN107889703A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-10 | 武汉佳禾生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of round-grained rice wheat entire mechanization high-yield and high-efficiency implantation methods |
| CN108522177A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-14 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of Wheat after rice type of seeding |
| CN108718966A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-02 | 江西省抚州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of rice mechanization production rush returning total stalks into fields integrated approach |
| CN109197450A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-15 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | A kind of cultivated method of northeast rice field wheel |
| CN110012797A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-16 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method of Wheat after rice entire mechanization cultivation |
| CN110226475A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-13 | 安徽禾泉种业有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice planting method of water-saving fertilizer-saving |
| CN111165112A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-05-19 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Rice field oxygen-increasing and emission-reducing dry farming method |
| CN114402927A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-04-29 | 山东省国土空间生态修复中心 | Method for treating straws in rice and wheat rotation area |
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