CN104663227B - North Jiangsu Area straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout - Google Patents
North Jiangsu Area straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses North Jiangsu Area straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout, specifically comprise the following steps: (1) store vola moisture in the soil before paddy rice harvesting; (2) straw chopping is also evenly shed; (3) base manure, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer have been executed; (4) appropriate shallow rototilling for straw covering; (5) lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil and seed deeply, suitably increase seeding quantity, increase soil table rice straw mulching; (6) broadcast the suppression of rear suitable moisture in the soil brute force; (7) excavate field ditch system; (8) because seedling imposes striking root fertilizer; (9) the booting of heavy dressing jointing is fertile.Mountain peak of the present invention is covered the dark rototilling for straw covering of original technology, nitrogen pick-up reach etc. and is instructed main points, for North Jiangsu Area climatic environment and existing working condition, suitable straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand strong sprout, improves wheat yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to farming and cultivate technical field, be specifically related to North Jiangsu Area straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout.
Background technology
Total straw also field can fertilizing soil, improve soil physical and chemical property, improve productivity of cultivated land, the main approach that current various lots of straw resource effectively utilizes, but total straw also field to wheatland whole, sow, emerge and a series of adverse effects that seedling growth brings.In order to government of strict implement Jiangsu Province " two taboo " policy (crops straw is prohibited burning, prohibited and throw), strengthen straw resource Appropriate application and preserve the ecological environment, North Jiangsu Area governments at all levels all widely popularize straw-returning.
a, provincial relevant industry directive document in 2013: the annex 2 of Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station Jiangsu China and province crop cultivating technology director combined paper (Su Nongji pushes away (2013) No. 22): straw mechanization is field technological guidance suggestion also:
(1) technology path: base manure (lift-augmented mechanism) → rotary tillage also field → mechanical planting wheat → suppression → machinery trench digging is evenly shed → used to combined harvester suitable toothing results paddy rice, straw chopping.
(2) job requirements: rice harvester requires to be equipped with straw chopping, even polishing apparatus, during harvesting; Below straw length 10cm, stubble height≤15cm, tilth >=15cm, straw buries rate >=80%; Suggestion application Derotation stubble ploughing machine rotary tillage process.
(3) facility are equipped with: combine installs corresponding straw chopping and throwing device additional; General employing more than 75 horsepowers tractors; Rotary tillage seeding and fertilizing can be adopted to suppress combined working machine; Few (exempting from) ploughs drilling machine etc.
b, 2012-2013 Jiangsu Province staple crops " four promote mainly " register: straw-returning wheat full stand technical essential in strong sprout
(1) stalks cutting, ploughs deeply or rototilling for straw covering.Shred stalk by machinery, appropriateness ploughs and broadcast or rototilling for straw covering, stalk ploughed under soil 15-20cm, improve site preparation quality and the straw-returning uniformity, meet sowing requirement, place with good conditionsi, every mu can enrich the fertilizer of about 2000 kilograms, to accelerate straw decomposing.
(2) sowing date for early sowing, suitably increases seeding quantity.Sowing date for early sowing also suitably increases the amount of broadcasting, and to guarantee Basic Seedling, sowing depth is advisable with 3-5cm.
(3) suitable moisture in the soil sowing, broadcasts rear suppression.When soil moisture content is suitable for, sowing is for good, runs into arid sowing or broadcast rear basement ditch to fill with.To suppress in time after broadcasting, be beneficial to improve emergence rate, promote full stand, Qi Miao, also just preserve soil moisture antifreeze simultaneously, guarantee the key measure of safe overwintering.
(4) nitrogen pick-up reach, reasonable rich water is planned strategies for.Nitrogen fertilizer amount in suitable increase base manure, meets the nitrogenous fertilizer demand of straw decomposition and wheat growth, promotes that Wheat Seedling leaf tiller is with stretching, and realizes surviving the winter strong sprout.Straw-returning wheatland later stage fertilizer strengthens, and suitably can reduce the fertile consumption of jointing booting.
(5) supporting ditch system, strengthens the extermination of disease and insect pest.Supporting field ditch system, guarantees to fill with and can arrange, prevent stain evil.Emphasis does a good job of it autumn and spring eliminates, and the extermination of disease and insect pest such as middle and later periods banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew and head blight.
But North Jiangsu Area year-round average temperature about 14 DEG C, long-term rainfall about 900mm, wettability about 1.0, subterranean water level 0.5 ~ 2.0m, season in spring autumn and winter three long-term dry and rainless, cause the general easily loss of moisture of Wheat after rice topsoil, so seed underlying soil is hollow when adopting dark rototilling for straw covering, destroy soil capillary water upwards to carry simultaneously, more easily cause hanging sky seedling and the soil evaporation of water in soil is accelerated, total straw also field often occurs that wheat is short of seedling, weak seedling is even freezed to death later seedling is unfavorable for that wheat seed goes out full stand, goes out to produce strong sprout.
Ripe middle round-grained rice type kind in the front stubble paddy rice application at present of this area, the harvesting date is in late October (daily mean temperature 13 ~ 16 DEG C), now about 70% straw is present dark green or yellow green, scleroid, the organic organization that has vigorous vitality, and only 30% straw is the dead leaf of quality softness and withered sheath.Also field straw starts a large amount of decomposition period, not before wheat is survived the winter and Wintering Period, and at wheat jointing to maturing stage (daily mean temperature is elevated to more than 10 DEG C, and average decomposition rate is 0.5%/sky), namely grow fast with wheat, the dry matter Rapid Accumulation phase overlaps completely.Therefore, total straw also nitrogen pick-up reach after field, increases nitrogen fertilizer amount in base manure, though promote that Wheat Seedling leaf tiller is with stretching, and realizes surviving the winter strong sprout, and is unfavorable for perniciously between later stage wheat seedling growth and straw decomposition taking nitrogen race problem by force, and then causes wheat yield.
Therefore, North Jiangsu Area large area produce and need that effect is more superior badly, the farming rich and influential family of the total straw of more reliable performance also field technology, particularly large-scale planting rice wheat, home farm and Specialty Co-operative Organization.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide North Jiangsu Area straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout, mountain peak is covered the dark rototilling for straw covering of original technology, nitrogen pick-up reach etc. and is instructed main points, for North Jiangsu Area climatic environment, suitable straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand strong sprout, improve wheat yield.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
North Jiangsu Area straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout, comprises,
(1) vola moisture in the soil is stored: within 7 ~ 10 days before paddy rice harvesting, irrigate 1 rice field, then cut off the water supply;
(2) straw chopping is to broken section of below 10cm, evenly sheds;
(3) use sufficient base manure, enrich phosphorus potash fertilizer in base manure: total amount of nitrogen is 16 ~ 20 kgs/acre, N:P
2o
5: K
2o ratio is 1:0.3 ~ 0.5:0.3 ~ 0.5, and wherein base manure amount of nitrogen accounts for 30 ~ 45% of total amount of nitrogen;
(4) shallow rotary tillage connects moisture in the soil, native table increases grass soil moisture conservation: rotary tillage depth value is 8 ~ 12cm, and the straw rate of burying is 40 ~ 80%, stops rotten cultivated rotten kind;
(5) lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil and seed deeply, suitably increase seeding quantity: rotary tillage sowing on the same day, sowing depth is 3 ~ 5cm, and seeding quantity is 15 ~ 25kg/ mu;
(6) broadcast the suppression of rear suitable moisture in the soil brute force: broadcast rear soil moisture content suitable or not enough time, after planting powerful suppression immediately; Seeding operation runs into overcast and rainy, when the relative water-holding capacity of soil is greater than 80%, and the powerful suppression when showing native soil moisture content and being suitable for; Powerful suppression effect does not fall into pin degree completely with People's Bank of China and is advisable;
(7) field ditch system is excavated;
(8) because seedling imposes striking root fertilizer: one or two more than total stem tiller number 500,000/mu class seedlings, be sure not to impose striking root fertilizer; Total stem tiller number is less than the weak seedling of three classes of 400,000/mu, and seriously endure cold, the wheatland of serious fertilizer deficiency, every mu imposes 3 ~ 7.5 kilograms, urea;
(9) move after nitrogen pick-up, heavy dressing jointing, booting are fertile: jointing is fertile generally to be imposed during basic fixed length between wheat population leaf look moves back light, base portion first segment, Mei Mushi 45% composite fertilizer 18 ~ 20kg and urea 5 ~ 10kg,, the growth of cereal crop seedlings less for colony suitable early on the weak side to be executed, is executed more, and the then postponement that colony is bigger than normal, leaf look more dark green imposes, Shaoshi; Booting is fertile to be imposed when sword-like leave is extracted out over half, and every mu imposes urea 5 ~ 7.5kg kilogram.
The further improvement project of the present invention is, step (3) if in October sowing, every mu of basal dressing amount is that 45% composite fertilizer 30kg adds urea 10kg; If early November is sowed, every mu of basal dressing amount is that 45% composite fertilizer 30kg adds urea 5kg; If mid-November and sowing later, every mu of basal dressing amount is 45% composite fertilizer 32kg.
The present invention further improvement project is, in step (4) soil moisture content suitable or slightly biased high time, rotary tillage depth value is 10 ~ 12cm, the straw rate of burying is 50 ~ 80%; Soil moisture content is not enough and when running into dry weather, rotary tillage depth value is 8 ~ 10cm, the straw rate of burying is 40 ~ 60%.
The present invention further improvement project is, in step (5), the suitable seeding quantity of late October sowing is 15 ~ 17.5kg/ mu, and the suitable seeding quantity of early November sowing is 17.5 ~ 20kg/ mu, and the suitable seeding quantity of mid-November and later sowing is 20 ~ 25kg/ mu.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious advantage:
One, soil moisture content management is strengthened.For the wheatland feature that North Jiangsu Area dry and rainless autumn and winter, perennial irrigation difficulty, the straw incorporation loss of moisture are accelerated, emphasize by " store vola moisture in the soil, appropriate shallow rotary tillage connect moisture in the soil, increase the straw soil moisture conservation of soil table, sowing of losing no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil, seed deeply chase after moisture in the soil, powerful suppression puies forward moisture in the soil " etc. guarantee only to utilize the sufficient moisture in the soil measure of soil soil moisture in sowing just can realize one and broadcast full stand.
Two, fertilizer applications is improved.Total straw is also after field, by methods such as " move after nitrogen pick-up, use sufficient base manure and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer; the booting of heavy dressing jointing is fertile ", meet antifreeze, improving yield of wheat and the nutritional need of straw decomposition in strong sprout, can promote that wheat obtains high yield, also field straw decomposition can be promoted again.
Three, the present invention " shallow rotary tillage connects moisture in the soil, soil table increases grass soil moisture conservation ", reduces the requirement of tillage machinery.The present invention need not more than rotary tillage degree of depth 15cm, do not emphasize machine power and the rotary tillage degree of depth, do not emphasize that straw buries rate, the straw rate of burying can below 45%, medium-sized tractor outfit dextrorotation rotovator just can be ploughed and broadcast operation, need not be equipped with the machineries such as more than 75 horsepowers tractors and derotation rotovator thereof specially.
Embodiment
The model field of the present inventor unit one belongs to independent operation management is positioned at Huaiyin District, Huai'an seed farm, continues within 7 years, to implement total straw also field demonstration:
(1) store vola moisture in the soil: rice field is irrigated 1 time 7 ~ 10 days (about October 10 ~ 15) before paddy rice harvesting, then cuts off the water supply, before guaranteeing paddy rice harvesting, stores vola moisture in the soil;
(2) apply the combine harvesting paddy rice that Kubo field etc. is equipped with straw chopping, even polishing apparatus, all straw are cut into broken section of below length 10cm, evenly throw and be dispersed in field simultaneously.Grain header not with even polishing apparatus, the straw of chopping of manually evenly scattering.
(3) use sufficient base manure, enrich phosphorus potash fertilizer in base manure.Total amount of nitrogen is generally 16 ~ 20 kgs/acre, N:P
2o
5: K
2o suitable proportion is 1:0.3 ~ 0.5:0.3 ~ 0.5, wherein base manure amount of nitrogen accounts for 30 ~ 45% of total amount of nitrogen, executing 45%(15-15-15 for every mu of sowing in October) composite fertilizer 30kg adds urea 10kg, early November sowing be then 45%(15-15-15) composite fertilizer 30kg adds urea 5kg, mid-November and later sowing be then 45%(15-15-15) composite fertilizer 32kg/ mu.
(4) shallow rotary tillage connects moisture in the soil, soil table increases grass soil moisture conservation: application medium-sized tractor and supporting rotovator thereof carry out rototilling for straw covering operation, increases soil table rice straw mulching.Soil moisture content suitable or slightly biased high time, rotary tillage appropriate depth value is 10 ~ 12cm, the straw rate of burying is 50 ~ 80%; Soil moisture content is not enough and when running into dry weather, rotary tillage appropriate depth value is 8 ~ 10cm, the straw rate of burying is 40 ~ 60%; Stop rotten cultivated rotten kind.
(5) lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil and seed deeply, suitably increase seeding quantity: sowing on the same day after rototilling for straw covering operation, sowing depth is generally advisable with 3 ~ 5cm, and soil moisture content is not enough or when running into dry weather, sowing depth is advisable with 5cm.Suitable Basic Seedling 18 ~ 200,000/mu, the suitable seeding quantity of late October sowing are 15 ~ 17.5kg/ mu, early November sowing be then respectively 22 ~ 250,000/mu, 17.5 ~ 20kg/ mu, mid-November and later sowing be then respectively 25 ~ 300,000/mu, 20 ~ 25kg/ mu.Promotion combined drill is sowed.
(6) after planting suitable moisture in the soil brute force suppression: broadcast rear soil moisture content suitable or not enough time, after planting powerful suppression immediately, when seeding operation runs into overcast and rainy (the relative water-holding capacity of soil is greater than 80%), the powerful suppression when showing native soil moisture content and being suitable for.Suppression effect will reach the degree that People's Bank of China does not fall into pin completely.
(7) excavate field inside and outside " three ditches ", require that the ditch system of having excavated is effectively supporting, guarantee to fill with and can arrange, effectively to prevent stain evil.
(8), because seedling imposes striking root fertilizer: promoting that weak seedling transforms, strictly control because seedling imposes striking root fertilizer under the prerequisite of striking root fertilizer quantity, one or two more than February 10 (long-term wheat enters period of seedling establishment) total stem tiller number 500,000/mu class seedlings, are sure not to impose striking root fertilizer; Total stem tiller number is less than the weak seedling of three classes of 400,000/mu, and seriously endure cold, the wheatland of serious fertilizer deficiency, every mu of topdressing amount is 3 ~ 7.5 kilograms, urea.
(9) move after nitrogen pick-up, heavy dressing jointing, booting fertilizer.Jointing is fertile generally to be imposed during basic fixed length between wheat population leaf look moves back light, base portion first segment, executing 45%(15-15-15 for every mu) composite fertilizer 18 ~ 20kg adds urea 5 ~ 10kg, the suitable morning that wherein colony is less, the growth of cereal crop seedlings is on the weak side executes, execute more, and the then postponement that colony is bigger than normal, leaf look more dark green imposes, Shaoshi.Booting is fertile to be imposed when sword-like leave is extracted out over half, and every mu imposes urea 5 ~ 7.5kg kilogram.
Demonstration result shows: under total straw mincing and returning to the field, the dextrorotation rotovator applying 50 ~ 55 horsepowers of tractors and outfit thereof carries out that appropriate shallow rotary tillage process sows again, the rotary tillage degree of depth 8 ~ 12cm, straw buries rate 40 ~ 80%, sowing depth 3 ~ 5cm, by implementing a series of Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation, even if run into dry weather after broadcasting to also achieve wheat full stand strong sprout, plough deeply the neat seedling time retardation of then wheat 2 ~ 3 days that operation sows again, Basic Seedling declines more than 15%, wheat seeding growing way is more weak, its main cause is: plough deeply seed underlying soil after burying careless operation hollow, destroy lower soil capillary water upwards to carry simultaneously, run into dry weather after broadcasting and more easily cause the soil evaporation of water in soil, cause hanging empty dead seedling and seedling of being freezed to death.So North Jiangsu Area total straw also field need not more than rotary tillage degree of depth 15cm, need not be equipped with machine power more than 75 horsepowers tractors and derotation rotovator thereof specially.
By methods such as " move after nitrogen pick-up, use sufficient base manure and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the booting of heavy dressing jointing fertile ", meet antifreeze, improving yield of wheat and the nutritional need of straw decomposition in strong sprout, can promote that wheat obtains high yield, can promote again and field straw decomposition.
Claims (4)
1. North Jiangsu Area straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout, is characterized in that: comprise,
(1) vola moisture in the soil is stored: within 7 ~ 10 days before paddy rice harvesting, irrigate 1 rice field, then cut off the water supply;
(2) straw chopping is to broken section of below 10cm, evenly sheds;
(3) use sufficient base manure, enrich phosphorus potash fertilizer in base manure: total amount of nitrogen is 16 ~ 20 kgs/acre, N:P
2o
5: K
2o ratio is 1:0.3 ~ 0.5:0.3 ~ 0.5, and wherein base manure amount of nitrogen accounts for 30 ~ 45% of total amount of nitrogen;
(4) shallow rotary tillage connects moisture in the soil, soil table increases grass soil moisture conservation: rotary tillage depth value is for >=8cm and < 12cm, and the straw rate of burying is 40 ~ 80%, stops rottenly to plough rotten kind;
(5) lose no time in sowing while there is sufficient moisture in the soil and seed deeply, suitably increase seeding quantity: rotary tillage sowing on the same day, sowing depth is 3 ~ 5cm, and seeding quantity is 15 ~ 25kg/ mu;
(6) broadcast the suppression of rear suitable moisture in the soil brute force: broadcast rear soil moisture content suitable or not enough time, after planting powerful suppression immediately; Seeding operation runs into overcast and rainy, when the relative water-holding capacity of soil is greater than 80%, and the powerful suppression when showing native soil moisture content and being suitable for; Powerful suppression effect does not fall into pin degree completely with People's Bank of China and is advisable;
(7) field ditch system is excavated;
(8) because seedling imposes striking root fertilizer: one or two more than total stem tiller number 500,000/mu class seedlings, be sure not to impose striking root fertilizer; Total stem tiller number is less than the weak seedling of three classes of 400,000/mu, and seriously endure cold, the wheatland of serious fertilizer deficiency, every mu imposes 3 ~ 7.5 kilograms, urea;
(9) move after nitrogen pick-up, heavy dressing jointing, booting are fertile: jointing is fertile generally to be imposed during basic fixed length between wheat population leaf look moves back light, base portion first segment, Mei Mushi 45% composite fertilizer 18 ~ 20kg and urea 5 ~ 10kg,, the growth of cereal crop seedlings less for colony suitable early on the weak side to be executed, is executed more, and the then postponement that colony is bigger than normal, leaf look more dark green imposes, Shaoshi; Booting is fertile to be imposed when sword-like leave is extracted out over half, and every mu imposes urea 5 ~ 7.5kg kilogram.
2. North Jiangsu Area according to claim 1 straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout, is characterized in that: step (3) if in sowing in October, every mu of basal dressing amount is that 45% composite fertilizer 30kg adds urea 10kg; If early November is sowed, every mu of basal dressing amount is that 45% composite fertilizer 30kg adds urea 5kg; If mid-November and sowing later, every mu of basal dressing amount is 45% composite fertilizer 32kg.
3. North Jiangsu Area according to claim 1 straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout, is characterized in that: in step (4) soil moisture content suitable or slightly biased high time, rotary tillage depth value is 10 ~ 12cm, the straw rate of burying is 50 ~ 80%; Soil moisture content is not enough and when running into dry weather, rotary tillage depth value is 8 ~ 10cm, the straw rate of burying is 40 ~ 60%.
4. North Jiangsu Area according to claim 1 straw incorporation wheat soil moisture sowing full stand method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: in step (5), the suitable seeding quantity of late October sowing is 15 ~ 17.5kg/ mu, the suitable seeding quantity of early November sowing is 17.5 ~ 20kg/ mu, and the suitable seeding quantity of mid-November and later sowing is 20 ~ 25kg/ mu.
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| CN105766345B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2018-12-25 | 淮安市农业技术推广中心 | Cultivation method for strengthening peanut full seedlings |
| CN106888658B (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-11-28 | 淮安市农业技术推广中心 | North Jiangsu Area rain supports Wheat after rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method |
| CN107135727B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2020-01-31 | 淮安市农业技术推广中心 | Fertilizing method for early heading of super-late-sowing wheat in northern Jiangsu area |
| CN108207518A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | The wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of winter wheat space-time of architecture |
| CN111165288A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-05-19 | 淮阴师范学院 | Green and high-quality cultivation method for rain-cultivated rice stubble wheat in northern Jiangsu area |
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