CN108207518A - The wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of winter wheat space-time of architecture - Google Patents
The wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of winter wheat space-time of architecture Download PDFInfo
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- CN108207518A CN108207518A CN201810170670.6A CN201810170670A CN108207518A CN 108207518 A CN108207518 A CN 108207518A CN 201810170670 A CN201810170670 A CN 201810170670A CN 108207518 A CN108207518 A CN 108207518A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of winter wheat space-time of architecture, suitable for yielding two crops a year dry farming growing area：The sowing of winter wheat is completed using natural precipitation, while avoids excessive growth generation freeze injury before liriope minor, is selected in following four kinds of cultivation patterns according to specific weather conditions：A, it is sowed by means of moisture in the soil；B, collection moisture in the soil sowing；C, quantity-variation type seeding；D, the lower overlay film quantity-variation type seeding of soil, E mend moisture in the soil sowing.The present invention provides a kind of architecture implantation methods for the dry farming growing area of northern China, has not only adapted to weather and geographical conditions that planting area water resource lacks, and wheat yield also has the good performance of stable high yield water-saving while.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water-saving cultures and rain to support dry farming and cultivation field, is especially adapted for use in north of China combined task
The architecture water-saving cultivation method of winter wheat.
Background technology
The North China Plain is one of Grain Main-production Region and the main integrated distribution area of China's salinized soil, is sent out energetically
Exhibition, which subtracts steaming suppression salt water-saving agriculture, has important strategic importance.North China Plain area is the most important wheat belt in China.In recent years
The serious over-extraction of underground water, causes North China's level of ground water constantly to decline.In addition, the North China Plain is regional, During Growing Period of Winter Wheat drop
Rain is few and is unevenly distributed, normally only 100 ~ 150 mm.Especially in Circum-Bohai Sea low plain area, barren soil is saline and alkaline, fresh water money
Source is seriously deficient, and Wheat Production is seriously restricted.The soil water is made full use of, it is to maintain rainfed wheat stable yields to reduce invalid evaporation
Even high yield is the key that solve area's agricultural production.
Traditional wheat planting period is usually after corn harvesting at the beginning of 10 months, and sowing is preceding or after planting generally carries out
Irrigating increases soil moisture content, ensures that wheat goes out full stand.Combined task is supported in rain, due to cannot be guaranteed sufficient soil moisture,
Wheat is sowed by day, and disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling is very serious, and wheat yield fluctuation is larger.Since conventional wheat is planted to seedtime
There are strict requirements with depth of planting, generally before mid-October.Once the suitable seedtime of wheat has accidentally been crossed, even if
There is a more rainfall, wheat seed can not germinating to seedling again.Wheat also can significantly decline because missing sowing optimum period yield.It is logical
Normal peasant will abandon planting, and only plant one season of autumn crop, land utilization ratio is caused to reduce.Therefore by certain measure,
Natural precipitation, in the ranks deep subsoil moisture, moisture are made full use of, and reduces invalid evaporation, to widen wheat cultivation optimum period threshold value,
It is the key that wheat water-saving culture to reach wheat stable yields water-saving while.For under dry farming, making full use of October to 11
Wheat cultivation seedling is realized in the rainfall in the first tenday period of a month moon, is of great significance to improving wheat to efficiently using for precipitation.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to for the dry farming growing area of northern China, provide a kind of winter of architecture
The wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of wheat space-time.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
The wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of winter wheat space-time of architecture, suitable for yielding two crops a year dry farming growing area, includes following skill
Art content：
A, it is sowed by means of moisture in the soil：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if at this time still in the local normal sowing time limit
Interior and topsoil cannot meet wheat and normally emerge, then selects the wheat breed of deep seeding tolerance, sowed according to standardized amount,
Seed deeply to 8-12cm below upper soll layer, seed deeply shallow embedding, ensure that crop completely emerges using soil natural moisture, realize
By means of the water-saving sowing of moisture in the soil；
B, collection moisture in the soil sowing：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if at this time still in the local normal sowing time limit
Interior and topsoil disclosure satisfy that wheat is normally emerged, then selects the wheat breed of not deep seeding tolerance, and ditch is used to broadcast form with standard
Dosage is sowed, and trench digging 4-6cm is deep and the 2-4cm places sowing under bottom of trench, and ditch, which is broadcast, focuses on rainfall around in seed furrow
So as to increase the soil water content around wheat seed, increase crop emergence chance, realize the collection water-saving sowing of moisture in the soil；
C, quantity-variation type seeding：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if having exceeded the normal sowing time of wheat at this time
Limit then postpones with date of seeding within 15 days and gradually increases application rate, and often postponing 1 day amount of broadcasting increases 7.5kg/hm2, ensure wheat-based
Quantity-variation type seeding is realized in this emergence；
D, the lower overlay film-quantity-variation type seeding of soil：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if having exceeded wheat at this time just
Often 15 days time limits of sowing or more since temperature are relatively low, coating processing under soil are carried out while application rate is increased, is covered using overlay film
Native combine carries out the lower overlay film of soil；Thickness of earth covering is 1-2cm, equidistant bunch planting sowing, and soil moisture conservation while increases temperature,
It ensures that wheat is well emerged, realizes the lower overlay film-quantity-variation type seeding of soil；
E, moisture in the soil sowing is mended：Do not reach the sowing of wheat and emergence condition always under the conditions of Province Extreme Arid Climate, then contained with soil
Soil being carried out by way of micro- furrow supplementary irrigation based on water determination data and mending moisture in the soil, mu irrigates 15-20 side and reaches benefit moisture in the soil dry farming
Effect；Type of seeding with reference to step C.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step A, small lay down may be used in the deep seeding tolerance wheat breed
60。
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step A, when seeding operation, seed deeplys winter wheat seed to soil
Under surface layer within 10cm.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, step A, in B, the standardized amount of winter wheat sowing operation is 150-
300kg/hm2。
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step B, trench digging 5cm is deep and under bottom of trench during seeding operation
It is sowed at 3cm.
It is first that field weeds, rubble is clear before mulch sowing in step C as a preferred technical solution of the present invention
Reason is clean, and soil block harrow broken rake is thin, in order to the progress of mechanical earthing operation.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step C, using overlay film earthing combine cover under soil
When the equidistant bunch planting of film is sowed, film uses the colourless PE mulches of thickness 0.008mm.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step D, by embanked field area reduction to 15-20m2, utilize micro- furrow
Water saving type watering arrangement carries out supplementary irrigation.
It is using advantageous effect caused by above-mentioned technical proposal：The present invention is carried for the dry farming growing area of northern China
A kind of architecture implantation methods have been supplied, weather and geographical conditions that planting area water resource lacks not only have been adapted to, water-saving
Wheat yield also has stable, good performance simultaneously.Present invention is particularly suitable for the production of Techniques in Dry-farming Areas wheat cultivation, emphasis
It is that sowing stage of wheat seeks moisture in the soil sowing, is sowed by means of rain so as to achieve the purpose that water-saving seedling.The present invention passes through to wheat planting
Sowing date（Time）And depth of planting（Space）Regulate and control and coordinate corresponding technological means that wheat is made full use of
Rainfall before and after corn harvesting in nearly two months or the moisture needed for using deep subsoil moisture realization wheat cultivation, are reduced small
Wheat sows pre-sowing water, utmostly achievees the purpose that stable yields of keeping a full stand of seedings using moisture in the soil more than rainwater and soil Asia topsoil to the greatest extent.Detailed is beneficial
Effect data is referring to specific test example.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows three kinds of field seeding methods of winter wheat in embodiment 1；In figure, left side is broadcast for ditch, and trench digging 5cm is deep,
It sows bottom of trench 3cm soil depths；Seed is sowed at apart from earth's surface 8cm soil depths by centre to seed deeply；Right side is normal sowing, will be planted
Son is sowed at apart from earth's surface 3cm soil depths.
Fig. 2 is the yield and biomass that different cultivars seed deeplys processing in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 be embodiment 3 under mulching plastic film condition under soil the plant height of different sowing dates winter wheat, Biomass and yield data.
Fig. 4 is the water use efficiency data of the different sowing dates under mulching plastic film condition under soil in embodiment 3.
Fig. 5 shows that small 60 wheat yields variation of laying down is different phase in embodiment 4.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in following embodiment.Various raw materials used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional city
Product is sold, can be bought and directly obtained by market.
Embodiment 1, ditch are broadcast, seed deeply and normally sow contrast test.
The diagram of three kinds of seeding methods is referring to Fig. 1.Wherein, the specific embodiment that ditch is broadcast is：It is whole it is good wait to plough, edge
Horizontal direction primary ditching 5cm is deep, the sowing of bottom of trench 3cm depths.If thing was handled with north and south Liang Zhong directions trench digging, in 2016 10
The moon 28 was sowed.Test variety lays down 60 to be small.5 often handle 3 repetitions.Sowing line-spacing is 30 cm, and drilling, the amount of broadcasting is 300 kg/
hm2.Using unified Fertilization Level, 450 kghm of base fertilizer phosphoric acid diamines-2, 375 kghm of urea-2, 600 kg of organic fertilizer
hm-2, field management is the same as local crop field.Wherein, the specific embodiment seed deeplyed is：It is whole it is good wait to plough, in the horizontal direction one
Secondary trench digging 8cm is deep, sowing, fills.If thing and north and south Liang Zhong directions, were sowed on October 28th, 2016.Test variety is small
Lay down 60, Ji wheat 32, A115.Sowing line-spacing is 30 cm, and drilling, the amount of broadcasting is 300 kg/hm-2.Using unified Fertilization Level, bottom
Fertile 450 kghm of phosphoric acid diamines-2, 375 kghm of urea-2, 600 kghm of organic fertilizer-2, field management is the same as local crop field.
Result of the test is referring to following table, it is shown that the variation of winter wheat yields and correlation factor under Different sowing ways.Data
Show that the lower three kinds of seeding method yield of dry farming, biomass difference is not notable.Seed deeply, under the conditions of ditch is broadcast, do not cause yield
Reduction, this just for dry year using deep plough level soil moisture emergence provides support.
Embodiment 2, field seed deeply experiment
By small 60, Ji wheat 32 of laying down, ' three kinds of different crops of A115 deep seeding tolerance performances have carried out seed deeplying contrast test.Seed deeply operation
Concrete mode with embodiment 1.
Result of the test is referring to Fig. 2, it is shown that the biomass of different cultivars, change of production.The result shows that Ji wheat 32, small laying down
60th, biomass during tri- winter wheat variety harvests of A115 is not significantly different.It is small to lay down 60, Ji wheat, 32 liang of variety yield differences not
Significantly, but A115 yield is substantially less than other two kinds.Lay down 60 for Deep seeding-tolerant hybrid is small, it, can when soil table moisture in the soil is bad
With by seed deeplying the purpose for realizing that emergence is kept a full stand of seedings.
The different sowing dates experiment of winter wheat under the lower mulching plastic film condition of embodiment 3, soil.
If the lower overlay film of soil（M1）Not overlay film（M0）2 kinds of modes.Under each film mulching method, according to the local sowing time, if
6 date of seeding levels are put, were sowed 1 time every 8 days：T1, sowing on October 10；T2, sowing on October 18；T3, sowing on October 26；
T4, sowing on November 03；T5, sowing on November 11；T6, sowing on November 19.Test variety lays down 60 to be small.M1 is often handled 4 times
It repeats, M0 is 4 repetitions.15 cm of line-spacing, 13 cm of hill spacing are sowed, the amount of broadcasting is 225 kg hm-2.Utilize ZMXF-120 type overlay films
Earthing combine carries out the lower mulch sowing institutional operation of soil, and film is using width 1.2m, the colourless PE mulches of thickness 0.008mm.
Referring to Fig. 3, it is shown that different sowing dates plant height, biomass, change of production under the lower mulching plastic film condition of soil.Overlay film and not overlay film
Processing, the plant height of wheat is as date of seeding postponement continuously decreases.Overlay film and not coating processing, biomass is with the postponement of date of seeding
It gradually decreases.Under the conditions of same date of seeding, coating processing biomass is higher than not coating processing；T2, T3, T4, T5 under mulching plastic film condition
Biomass difference is not notable, shows that overlay film can effectively improve wheat biomass.Overlay film and not coating processing, yield show as with
Date of seeding postpone first increase after reduction trend, T3 processing yield highest.Under the conditions of same date of seeding, coating processing yield is not higher than
Coating processing, M1T6 processing yield and M0 Optimum Sowing time volume variances be not notable.Show that overlay film makes rainfed winter wheat keep higher
Yield, and extend most suitable sowing time.Not overlay film suitable sowing date yield is still can reach to overlay film yield on November 19.
Referring to Fig. 4, it is shown that different sowing dates water use efficiency changes under the lower mulching plastic film condition of soil.Group water use efficiency
（WUEbm）：Not under mulching plastic film condition, as date of seeding is postponed, WUEbm first changes unobvious, then declines.Under mulching plastic film condition, T1,
T2, T3, T4 difference is not notable, and T6 is substantially less than preceding 4 dates of seeding.Compared with not overlay film, overlay film effectively improves group's water utilization
Efficiency.Yield water use efficiency（WUEy）As the postponement of date of seeding shows as first increasing rear downward trend.Same date of seeding item
Under part, coating processing WUEy is significantly higher than not coating processing, T3 processing highests.Show that overlay film can effectively improve crop to the soil water
The utilization divided, significantly improves wheat dry-farming yield water use efficiency.
Embodiment 4, comprehensive analysis are referring to Fig. 5, and by taking small 60 wheat breeds of laying down as an example, result of the test shows that change of production is divided into
Four-stage, first stage are yield ascent stage, and normal seedtime is with the increase of date of seeding, close to wheat cultivation most
Suitable date of seeding wheat yield gradually rises, the second stage yield decline stage, due to the postponement of date of seeding, the contracting in crop growth stage
Subtract so that wheat yield declines, three phases are the stable yields stage, are caused as a result of the increase amount of broadcasting and the lower film coating technique of soil
Wheat yield stabilization is in 5000kg/hm2, four-stage is yield drastically decline stage, since the postponement of date of seeding has been more than small
The limit of accumulated temperature needed for wheat physiological growth can not contain the decline of yield even if take technological means.M0 expressions are not covered in figure
Film, M1 represent overlay film.It will significantly be more than the winter wheat yields of not overlay film in the winter wheat yields of the first to three stage overlay film,
It is approached by the Mulched Wheat Crops yield in stage three after increasing the amount of broadcasting and coating processing with the not Mulched Wheat Crops yield in stage one, explanation
The sowing date of wheat can be widened by the increase amount of broadcasting and coating processing and can achieve the purpose that stable yields of keeping a full stand of seedings.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical solution of the present invention, not as to its technical solution single in itself
Restrictive condition.
Claims (8)
1. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture, suitable for yielding two crops a year dry farming growing area, it is characterised in that：
A, it is sowed by means of moisture in the soil：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if at this time still in the local normal sowing time limit
Interior and topsoil cannot meet wheat and normally emerge, then selects the wheat breed of deep seeding tolerance, sowed according to standardized amount,
Seed deeply to 8-12cm below upper soll layer, seed deeply shallow embedding, ensure that crop completely emerges using soil natural moisture, realize
By means of the water-saving sowing of moisture in the soil；
B, collection moisture in the soil sowing：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if at this time still in the local normal sowing time limit
Interior and topsoil disclosure satisfy that wheat is normally emerged, then selects the wheat breed of not deep seeding tolerance, and ditch is used to broadcast form with standard
Dosage is sowed, and trench digging 4-6cm is deep and the 2-4cm places sowing under bottom of trench, and ditch, which is broadcast, focuses on rainfall around in seed furrow
So as to increase the soil water content around wheat seed, increase crop emergence chance, realize the collection water-saving sowing of moisture in the soil；
C, quantity-variation type seeding：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if having exceeded the normal sowing time of wheat at this time
Limit then postpones with date of seeding within 15 days and gradually increases application rate, and often postponing 1 day amount of broadcasting increases 7.5kg/hm2, ensure wheat-based
Quantity-variation type seeding is realized in this emergence；
D, the lower overlay film-quantity-variation type seeding of soil：When carrying out the sowing of winter wheat after the completion of corn harvesting, if having exceeded wheat at this time just
Often 15 days time limits of sowing or more since temperature are relatively low, coating processing under soil are carried out while application rate is increased, is covered using overlay film
Native combine carries out the lower overlay film of soil；Thickness of earth covering is 1-2cm, equidistant bunch planting sowing, and soil moisture conservation while increases temperature,
It ensures that wheat is well emerged, realizes the lower overlay film-quantity-variation type seeding of soil；
E, moisture in the soil sowing is mended：Do not reach the sowing of wheat and emergence condition always under the conditions of Province Extreme Arid Climate, then contained with soil
Soil being carried out by way of micro- furrow supplementary irrigation based on water determination data and mending moisture in the soil, mu irrigates 15-20 side and reaches benefit moisture in the soil dry farming
Effect；Type of seeding with reference to step C.
2. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step A
In, the deep seeding tolerance wheat breed lays down 60 using small.
3. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step A
In, under when seeding operation, seed deeplys winter wheat seed to upper soll layer within 10cm.
4. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step A,
In B, the standardized amount of winter wheat sowing operation is 150-300kg/hm2。
5. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step B
In, trench digging 5cm is deep during seeding operation and the 3cm places sowing under bottom of trench.
6. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step C
In, before mulch sowing, first field weeds, rubble are cleaned out, soil block harrow broken rake is thin, in order to mechanical earthing operation into
Row.
7. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step C
In, when being sowed using the lower equidistant bunch planting of overlay film of overlay film earthing combine progress soil, film is colourless using thickness 0.008mm's
PE mulches.
8. the wide in range sowing seedling establishment method of the winter wheat space-time of architecture according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step D
In, by embanked field area reduction to 15-20m2, supplementary irrigation is carried out using micro- furrow Water saving type watering arrangement.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116034831A (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-05-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | Wheat interactive ditch bottom hill-drop method |
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Application publication date: 20180629 |