CN104756742B - Rice and wheat straw continues machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live cultivation method of tillering a morning - Google Patents
Rice and wheat straw continues machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live cultivation method of tillering a morning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses rice and wheat straw to continue machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live cultivation method of tillering a morning, step comprises: (1) rice and wheat straw continues total crop return; (2) cultivate the of the right age machine transplanting of rice and strengthen seedling; (3) control subtracts bottom application chemical fertilizer; (4) appropriateness reduces to plough the whole degree of depth; (5) the little strain surface planting in sufficient cave; (6) alive of no water layer; (7) no water layer is eliminated; (8) no water layer fertilising; (9) early execute tillering fertilizer; (10) postponing nitrogen, heavy dressing ear manuer; (11) omnidistance moistening irrigation.The present invention to solve when rice and wheat straw continues total crop return in soil stalk total amount and decomposition intensity significantly improves, machine transplanting of rice rice turns green live a time generally extend that the dead seedling of even stiff seedling is serious, difficult sufficient, the common technology difficult problem such as fringe type is less of spike number; propose and guarantee that machine transplanting of rice rice shoot early sends out the Orthogonal rotational design with high yield, suitable northern territory, Jiangsu Province and similar area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling-growing technical field, be specifically related to rice and wheat straw and continue machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live cultivation method of tillering a morning.
Background technology
Rice and wheat straw continue total crop return can fertilizing soil, improve soil physical and chemical property, improve productivity of cultivated land, be the main approach of current various lots of rice and wheat straw utilization of resources.Simultaneously in order to government of strict implement Jiangsu Province " two taboo " policy (crops straw is prohibited burning, prohibited and throw), strengthen rice and wheat straw resource rational utilization and preserve the ecological environment, North Jiangsu Area governments at all levels are current all widelys popularize rice and wheat straw total crop return.
up-to-date relevant provincial industry directive document: the annex 1 of Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station Jiangsu China and province crop cultivating technology director combined paper (Su Nongji pushes away (2013) No. 22): Jiangsu Province's Wheat Straw mechanization also field technological guidance suggestion
1, job requirements: combine harvesting toothing≤15cm, stalks cutting≤10cm, evenly sheds in field, straw cutting apparatus depth of implements >=15cm.
2, facility are equipped with: combine installs corresponding straw chopping and throwing device additional; General employing more than 65 horsepowers tractors, mate the straw-returning machinery of corresponding fabric width; Wheat straw returning adopts paddy-field stubble-embedding harvesting and tillage machine.
3, other technology art main points
Lift-augmented mechanism on the basis of 1. using base manure in routine.In order to accelerate the decomposition of also field stalk, improving field effect then, will basal dressing be coordinated when going back field operation.In total fertilizing amount and and field soil and fertilizer consumption keeps on basically identical basis, enrich purity nitrogen 1 kilogram with every 100 kilograms of stalks and be advisable, and according to base: tiller: ear manuer is than being 4:2:4 fertilising.Base manure to select ammonium nitrogen or urea as well, and advocates fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer combines, and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields on the residual body of stalk.
2. after rice transplanting is turned green, adopt open field dehydration immediately, so that soil gas exchanges and release pernicious gas, promote root growth and tiller; After this should carry out the moistening irrigation method that shallow water duty is filled with, make rear water not see above water, keep dry wet.
3. go up bubble field and strictly will control water layer, 1 ~ 2 day soaked field time, see pier with face, water layer field eminence during also field operation, lower has water, and operation not waviness is as the criterion, the depth of water 1 ~ 3cm; Water layer is excessively dark, and floating grass increases, and during operation, water wave impacted strong, affected stalk and buried native effect, ploughed whole poor flatness; Water layer is excessively shallow, and plough horizon bubble is not saturating, and stalk bubble is not soft, buries a batch weak effect during operation, and working load is large, and after operation, the out-of-flatness of face, field, does not play slurry.
4. after raking under the prerequisite not affecting Rice Cropping season, make earth heavy real as far as possible, in case seedling floating, seedling laying and planted dark when stop machine is inserted, impact is tillered and output.Total principle is the field being greater than not also field between sinking in real time of straw-returning field soil, and general clay earth should precipitate 2 ~ 3 days behind whole ground, and loam precipitation 1 ~ 2 day, sand loam soil precipitates 1 day.
But due to North Jiangsu Area year-round average temperature more than 14 DEG C, long-term rainfall about 850 ~ 950mm, season in spring autumn and winter three long-term dry and rainless, subterranean water level is 0.5 ~ 2.0m only, cause the rice straw of burying also field after a wheat growing season, also have 30 ~ 50% not yet decompositions, not only make stalk total amount in the initial soil of rice field significantly increase, and straw decomposition intensity is also extremely significantly strengthened, very easily cause machine transplanting of rice rice shoot that the stiff seedling of serious toxic type and the remarkable underproduction occur.Therefore, North Jiangsu Area large area produce measure of needing badly more targetedly, rice and wheat straw that performance is more superior continues machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live the culture technique of tillering a morning.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide rice and wheat straw and continues machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live cultivation method of tillering a morning; when continuing total crop return for rice and wheat straw in soil stalk total amount and decomposition intensity significantly improves, machine transplanting of rice rice turns green live a time generally extend that the dead seedling of even stiff seedling is serious, difficult sufficient, the common technology difficult problem such as fringe type is less of spike number, proposes more advanced, guarantee that machine transplanting of rice rice shoot is early lived, early tiller and the Orthogonal rotational design of fringe high yield greatly.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Rice and wheat straw continues machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live cultivation method of tillering a morning, and step comprises:
(1) rice and wheat straw continues total crop return: require rice wheat stubble height≤15cm, the rear rice and wheat straw length≤10cm of chopping and evenly shed;
(2) cultivate the of the right age machine transplanting of rice and strengthen seedling;
(3) appropriateness reduces to plough the whole degree of depth: adopt " one batch of water, twice mechanical work " to complete and bury stalk and ploughing operation, ploughs whole severity control at 9 ~ 12cm;
(4) control subtracts bottom application chemical fertilizer: not bottom application chemical fertilizer, or bottom application 30 ~ 50kg/ mu carbonic hydroammonium adds 50kg/ mu superphosphate, forbidding urea;
(5) the little strain in sufficient cave surface planting: sandy soil plough the whole same day, clay and loam plough whole after within the 2nd day, plant, transplant depth is more shallow better; Require that every mu of rice transplanting seedling reaches more than 1.7 ten thousand caves/mu, the seedling numerical control of every cave is built in 4 ~ 6 seedlings;
(6) alive of no water layer: start open field after seedling block and root soil more meet, adhere to based on the moistening irrigation of open field toxin expelling in 5 ~ 7 days after planting;
(7) no water layer is eliminated: plant the same day or plant after the 2nd day immediately every mu of third careless amine 100ml spraying 30% band safener add 30% bensulfuron-methyl 10g, all without the need to setting up water layer before and after herbicide spraying, but require that in 5 days, maintenance table soil is moistening;
(8) no water layer fertilising: apply fertilizer when anhydrous or substantially anhydrous, pour water after 24 hours and keep shallow water more than 3 days;
(9) early execute tillering fertilizer: apply (8) fertilizing method, after cultivation 5 ~ 7 days, impose urea 15 ~ 20kg/ mu, last 1 tillering fertilizer must have been executed before July 1, and tillering fertilizer total amount is no more than 25kg/ mu;
(10) postponing nitrogen, heavy dressing ear manuer: apply (8) fertilizing method, ear manuer consumption improves nitrogen pool more than 35%, divide secondary to take the circumstances into consideration to impose according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, impose 45% composite fertilizer's 15kg/ mu and add urea 5 ~ 10kg/ mu falling for 4 leaf phases, fall 3 or fell for 2 leaf phases and impose urea 7.5 ~ 10kg/ mu;
(11) omnidistance moistening irrigation: tillering stage, shallow water duty was filled with, and front water does not connect rear water; Start draining when seedling number reaches 90% of spike number and bake field, take repeatedly gently to bake field and prick and strong stalk healthy tree under controlling ineffective tillering, promoting root system; Jointing takes intermittent irrigation to milk ripe stage, alternation of wetting and drying; Gathering in and fill with last water in first 10 ~ 15 days, preventing because cutting off the water supply too early that early ageing is forced ripe.
The obvious advantage of the present invention:
One, water starch management is more scientific.When rice and wheat straw continues total crop return, because the existence of remaining stalk, not only significantly increase stalk total amount in soil, and in soil, straw decomposition intensity pole significantly improves, under flooding condition, can a large amount of noxious materials be produced in decay process, cause the stiff seedling of toxic type.The measure such as " alive of no water layer ", " omnidistance moistening irrigation " that the present invention proposes, by improve plant after the concentration of topsoil molecular oxygen effectively eliminate straw decomposition and rice shoot live to tiller between strive oxygen contradiction, effectively prevent from the stiff seedling of toxic type occurs because of long-term waterflooding.
Two, fertilizer applications is improved.The present invention proposes " control subtracts bottom application chemical fertilizer, no water layer fertilising, early executes tillering fertilizer, heavy dressing ear manuer ", by improve plant after topsoil ammonium nitrogen concentration strive nitrogen contradiction effectively to eliminate between straw decomposition and machine transplanting of rice seedling growth, promote that rice shoot is early sent out to tiller, controlling base fertilizer downward seepage loss, volatilization loss is executed in base tiller face, base fetilizer for tillering amount declines to a great extent basis realize, land for growing field crops is early sent out, colony's leaf look occurs " jointing is yellow " in time, and can guarantee that ear manuer is executed, thus the large grain of large fringe is had to strive for high yield.
Three, weeding scheme is optimized.The present invention proposes " no water layer is eliminated ", and not only matching with the measure such as " no water layer live, anhydrous fertilising " but also can control land for growing field crops crop smothering timely and effectively occurs, and prevention and control crop smothering is effective.
Four, the requirement of tillage machinery and source of irrigation water condition is reduced.In the current large and middle tractor recoverable amount in North Jiangsu Area, 70% is 50-55 horsepower tractor.The present invention proposes " appropriateness reduces to plough the whole degree of depth ", and general 50 horsepowers of tractors and coupling straw-returning machinery thereof can reach operation or work standard, and prior art then must have more than 65 horsepowers tractors and coupling straw-returning machinery thereof.The present invention proposes " one batch of water, twice mechanical work " and completes and bury grass and ploughing operation, and without the need to soaked field in advance 1 ~ 2 day, soil in short supply at transplanting water source, soaked field leaked Lous fertile serious North Jiangsu Area, can not only plant 2 ~ 3 days ahead of time, and can to economize on water 30m by mu
3above, mu abridged edition irrigates 30 ~ 50 yuan.
Embodiment
Embodiment is specifically described the present invention below; what be necessary to herein means out is that embodiment only uses that the invention will be further described; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, person skilled in art can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to foregoing.
The present invention includes following steps:
(1) rice and wheat straw continues total crop return.Adopt the paddy rice of the combine harvesting maturation having installed the even polishing apparatus of corresponding stalks cutting additional, wheat, rice and wheat straw all shreds buries also field; Require rice wheat stubble height≤15cm, the rear rice and wheat straw length≤10cm of chopping and evenly shed.
(2) cultivate the of the right age machine transplanting of rice and strengthen seedling.One is that sowing to be fostered and apply fertilizer bed soil with composite fertilizer's 40 ~ 50kg/ mu for first 20 days; Two is sow in right amount optimum period, and seeding quantity controls at 100 ~ 110 grams/dish, cultivates the machine transplanting of rice rice shoot of 20 ~ 25 days length of time rice seedlings grow, the transplanting of stem 3.5 ~ 4 leaf; Three is adopt seedling-strengthening agent special modulation bed soil with Chemical Control height of seedling before sowing; Four is to take off before film duty to check and coil native soil moisture content, coils native overdrying and can cause emerging uneven, plants into land for growing field crops that then hole is too much; Five is that bed soil is not fostered and apply fertilizer, more than the 30 days length of time rice seedlings grow, takes off essential factor field suiting measures to different conditions supplementary fertilizer after film, prevents because fertilizer deficiency causes the thin Huang of rice shoot.Six is that strict non-irrigated pipe drought is educated, and prevents rice shoot from altering height.
(3) appropriateness reduces to plough the whole degree of depth., soil in short supply at transplanting water source, soaked field generally leaks Lou fertile North Jiangsu Area, and suggestion adopts " one batch of water, twice mechanical work " to complete and bury stalk and ploughing operation.Specific practice is: on field is filled with after thin water layer, and use the straw-returning machinery of more than 50 horsepowers big-and-middle-sized tractors and coupling thereof to carry out field immediately and plough and bury whole operation, cultivated whole severity control is at 9 ~ 12cm.Even if in also field wheat straw amount more than 600kg/ mu, soil stalk total amount more than the High-yielding paddy field of 800kg/ mu, be also so plough to bury operation.
(4) control subtracts bottom application chemical fertilizer.General not bottom application chemical fertilizer.If bottom application chemical fertilizer, be then generally 30 ~ 50kg/ mu carbonic hydroammonium add 50kg/ mu superphosphate (forbidding urea, urea easily with water leak into downwards rice root to absorb early stage less than soil layer, cause " early stage can not send out, mid-term surely do not live ").
(5) the little strain surface planting in sufficient cave.Plough the whole same day (sandy soil) or plough whole rear 2nd day (clay and loam) and plant; Require that every mu is participated the above rice shoot of 30 dish to reach more than 1.7 ten thousand caves/mu, every cave seedling numerical control built in 4 ~ 6 seedlings, Basic Seedling is at 7.0 ~ 100,000/mu, and transplant depth is more shallow better simultaneously.
(6) alive of no water layer.Open field is started after seedling block and root soil more meet, adhere to based on the moistening irrigation of open field toxin expelling in 5 ~ 7 days after planting, namely by improve plant after the concentration of topsoil molecular oxygen effectively alleviate straw decomposition and rice shoot live to tiller between strive oxygen contradiction, effectively prevent from the stiff seedling of toxic type occurs because of long-term waterflooding;
(7) no water layer is eliminated.Planting the same day or plant rear the third careless amine 100ml spraying 30% band safener on the 2nd day immediately and add 30% bensulfuron-methyl 10g, all without the need to setting up water layer before and after herbicide spraying, only requiring that in 5 days, maintenance table soil is moistening.
(8) no water layer fertilising.Apply fertilizer when anhydrous or substantially anhydrous, pour water after 24 hours and keep shallow water more than 3 days, make to keep higher ammonium nitrogen concentration for a long time in topsoil, can promote that rice shoot is early sent out, straw decomposition, ammonia volatilization can be controlled again and improve fertilizer efficiency, prevent the stiff seedling of fertilizer damage type.
(9) early execute tillering fertilizer.Apply (8) fertilizing method, after cultivation 5 ~ 7 days, impose urea 15 ~ 20kg/ mu, last 1 tillering fertilizer must have been executed before July 1, and tillering fertilizer total amount is no more than 25kg/ mu.
(10) postponing nitrogen, heavy dressing ear manuer.Apply (8) fertilizing method, heavy dressing ear manuer on the basis of having executed base fetilizer for tillering, ear manuer consumption is improved nitrogen pool more than 35%, secondary is divided to take the circumstances into consideration to impose according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, impose 45% composite fertilizer's 15kg/ mu and add urea 5 ~ 10kg/ mu falling for 4 leaf phases (by the end of July), fall 3 or fall the 2 leaf phases (at the beginning of 8 months) and impose urea 7.5 ~ 10kg/ mu.
(11) omnidistance moistening irrigation.Tillering stage, shallow water duty was filled with, and front water does not connect rear water; Start draining when seedling number reaches 90% of spike number and bake field, take repeatedly gently to bake field and prick and strong stalk healthy tree under controlling ineffective tillering, promoting root system; Jointing takes intermittent irrigation to milk ripe stage, alternation of wetting and drying; Gathering in and fill with last water in first 10 ~ 15 days, preventing because cutting off the water supply too early that early ageing is forced ripe.
Claims (1)
1. rice and wheat straw continues machine transplanting of rice rice shoot under total crop return and early to live a cultivation method of tillering a morning, it is characterized in that: comprise,
(1) rice and wheat straw continues total crop return: require rice wheat stubble height≤15cm, the rear rice and wheat straw length≤10cm of chopping and evenly shed;
(2) cultivate the of the right age machine transplanting of rice and strengthen seedling;
(3) appropriateness reduces to plough the whole degree of depth: adopt " one batch of water, twice mechanical work " to complete and bury stalk and ploughing operation, ploughs whole severity control at 9 ~ 12cm;
(4) control subtracts bottom application chemical fertilizer: not bottom application chemical fertilizer, or bottom application 30 ~ 50kg/ mu carbonic hydroammonium adds 50kg/ mu superphosphate, forbidding urea;
(5) the little strain in sufficient cave surface planting: sandy soil plough the whole same day, clay and loam plough whole after within the 2nd day, plant, transplant depth is more shallow better; Require that every mu of rice transplanting seedling reaches more than 1.7 ten thousand caves/mu, the seedling numerical control of every cave is built in 4 ~ 6 seedlings;
(6) alive of no water layer: start open field after seedling block and root soil more meet, adhere to based on the moistening irrigation of open field toxin expelling in 5 ~ 7 days after planting;
(7) no water layer is eliminated: plant the same day or plant after the 2nd day immediately every mu of third careless amine 100ml spraying 30% band safener add 30% bensulfuron-methyl 10g, all without the need to setting up water layer before and after herbicide spraying, but require that in 5 days, maintenance table soil is moistening;
(8) no water layer fertilising: apply fertilizer when anhydrous or substantially anhydrous, pour water after 24 hours and keep shallow water more than 3 days;
(9) early execute tillering fertilizer: apply (8) fertilizing method, after cultivation 5 ~ 7 days, impose urea 15 ~ 20kg/ mu, last 1 tillering fertilizer must have been executed before July 1, and tillering fertilizer total amount is no more than 25kg/ mu;
(10) postponing nitrogen, heavy dressing ear manuer: apply (8) fertilizing method, ear manuer consumption is increased to nitrogen pool more than 35%, divide secondary to take the circumstances into consideration to impose according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, impose 45% composite fertilizer's 15kg/ mu and add urea 5 ~ 10kg/ mu falling for 4 leaf phases, fall 3 or fell for 2 leaf phases and impose urea 7.5 ~ 10kg/ mu;
(11) omnidistance moistening irrigation: tillering stage, shallow water duty was filled with, and front water does not connect rear water; Start draining when seedling number reaches 90% of spike number and bake field, take repeatedly gently to bake field and prick and strong stalk healthy tree under controlling ineffective tillering, promoting root system; Jointing takes intermittent irrigation to milk ripe stage, alternation of wetting and drying; Gathering in and fill with last water in first 10 ~ 15 days, preventing because cutting off the water supply too early that early ageing is forced ripe.
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| CN105359810A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-03-02 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Rotation tillage planting method for totally returning double cropping straws of wheat and rice |
| CN109699265B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2021-09-03 | 淮安市农业技术推广中心 | Fertilizing method suitable for mechanically transplanting japonica rice in wheat stubble in northern Jiangsu area |
| CN112683723B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-10-27 | 淮阴师范学院 | Quantitative analysis method for anaerobic decomposition strength in straw returning soil |
| CN113057179B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-04-29 | 扬州大学 | Regulator and cultivation method for preventing/reducing physiological bacterial wilt in soft and japonica rice in northern Jiangsu |
| CN113906968A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-01-11 | 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 | Rice transplanting method of wheat stubble dry rotary soil preparation machine |
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