CN110150080B - Method for improving winter transplanting survival rate of plants - Google Patents

Method for improving winter transplanting survival rate of plants Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110150080B
CN110150080B CN201910489881.0A CN201910489881A CN110150080B CN 110150080 B CN110150080 B CN 110150080B CN 201910489881 A CN201910489881 A CN 201910489881A CN 110150080 B CN110150080 B CN 110150080B
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wet garbage
layer
primary fermentation
soil
wet
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CN110150080A (en
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徐冰
梁晶
伍海兵
张青青
陈平
何小丽
朱清
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Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning
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Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G2013/0218—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings for removing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the transplanting survival rate of plants in winter, which comprises a bottom soil layer, a first wet garbage layer, a perlite layer, a green planting soil layer and a second wet garbage layer which are sequentially paved in a planting hole, wherein at least one of the first wet garbage layer and the second wet garbage layer is wet garbage primary fermentation; the soil ball of the transplanted plant root is positioned in the greening planting soil layer above the perlite layer. Preferably, the first wet garbage layer is wet garbage primary fermentation products, and the second wet garbage layer is wet garbage granules. The wet garbage primary fermentation product is obtained by fermenting wet garbage for 10-15 days after being crushed, and the grain diameter is less than 1 cm; the wet garbage granules are granules prepared by dehydrating, drying and compressing wet garbage after secondary fermentation. By utilizing the wet garbage, the internal temperature of the soil can be increased, the root system of the plant can be protected, the degraded wet garbage can become a slow release fertilizer for transplanting trees, and the transplanting survival rate of the plant in winter can be increased.

Description

Method for improving winter transplanting survival rate of plants
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of cultivation, soil, city appearance environment protection, urban ecological environment and the like, and relates to a method for improving the survival rate of transplanted plants in winter.
Background
Since 2011, the Shanghai city starts to implement dry and wet classification and delivery of municipal domestic garbage, and major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and the like successively adopt the classification mode. The urban wet garbage mainly refers to components of food residues, vegetable leaves, fruit peels and the like in the urban domestic garbage, accounts for more than 50% of the domestic garbage, has the characteristics of high water content, high oil and salt content, easiness in decay and deterioration and the like compared with dry garbage, and is easy to cause environmental pollution such as air, soil and the like. The wet garbage is a main component of municipal garbage in China, at present, the garbage is mainly treated by incineration and landfill, but the two treatments are accompanied by secondary pollution products such as dioxin, acid gas, percolate and the like, and bring great burden to land, atmosphere and the like. If the fertilizer is subjected to compost fermentation treatment, substances in the fertilizer are quickly decomposed, so that secondary pollution is avoided, and the fertilizer can be reused.
Different from shrubs with more roots and small branches, arbors are generally thick and have fewer branches. And because the main root is large, the main root is easy to be injured during transplanting, and particularly, the main root is difficult to survive through winter when the main root is not maintained in place. The larger the tree, the faster the death.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the winter transplanting survival rate of plants, which can effectively improve the winter transplanting survival rate of plants.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for improving the winter transplanting survival rate of the plants comprises a bottom soil layer, a first wet garbage layer, a perlite layer, a green planting soil layer and a second wet garbage layer which are sequentially paved in a planting hole, wherein at least one of the first wet garbage layer and the second wet garbage layer is a wet garbage primary fermentation product; the soil ball of the transplanted plant root is positioned in the greening planting soil layer above the perlite layer.
Further, the first wet garbage layer is wet garbage primary fermentation products, and the second wet garbage layer is wet garbage granules.
Furthermore, the wet garbage primary fermentation product is obtained by fermenting the wet garbage for 10-15 days after being crushed, and the grain size is less than 1 cm; the wet garbage granules are granules prepared by dehydrating, drying and compressing wet garbage after secondary fermentation, and have the water content of less than 10 percent, the length of 2-4cm and the diameter of 1 cm. When the wet garbage is fermented, the sawdust is added and mixed, and the adding amount is 30% of the volume of the wet garbage.
Further, the pH value of the wet garbage is 7.5-8.6, and the EC is 1-4.5mS cm-1And the organic matter content is 60-95 g.kg-1。
Furthermore, an outer soil layer and/or a third wet garbage layer are/is further arranged above the second wet garbage layer, and the third wet garbage layer is a wet garbage primary fermentation product.
Furthermore, the pH value of the planting soil is 6.0-7.8, the EC value is 0.10-0.9 mS/cm, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20 g/kg.
Furthermore, the paving thickness of the wet garbage primary fermentation product is 10-15cm, the perlite layer is 3-5cm, and the paving thickness of the wet garbage granules is 2-5 cm.
Furthermore, a vent pipe is arranged on the wet garbage primary fermentation product, one end of the vent pipe is positioned on the wet garbage primary fermentation product, and the other end of the vent pipe is positioned above the planting hole and communicated with the atmosphere.
Further, the plant is preferably a big tree, and the transplanting time is 11 months to 2 months in the next year. When the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the wet garbage granule layer can be covered with the wet garbage primary fermentation product again.
Furthermore, a layer of wet garbage primary fermentation product is wrapped outside the soil ball for planting the plant roots.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the wet garbage primary fermentation product is laid in the planting hole, the fermentation is not complete, the fermentation can be further carried out after the transplanting, a certain temperature can be generated during the later fermentation, the temperature of the soil in the planting hole can be increased, the temperature of the plant root system is ensured, and the transplanting survival rate of the plant in winter is increased; on the other hand, the wet garbage primary fermentation product can become a slow release fertilizer for transplanted trees after further fermentation and degradation, provide nutrient components required by plant growth, and can also reduce the pH value of soil by utilizing the wet garbage.
2. By arranging the perlite layer above the first wet refuse layer, the air permeability of the soil can be improved and soil ponding can be controlled. Set up the breather pipe on wet rubbish primary fermentation thing, can carry the air to wet rubbish primary fermentation thing in, be favorable to the compost fermentation of its later stage, avoid anaerobic fermentation to produce stink or harmful gas.
3. The setting of wet rubbish granule plays the heat retaining effect of covering on the one hand, and on the other hand, its fermentation is complete, can regard as fertilizer to use, and its water content is few moreover, just can decompose after needing to absorb sufficient moisture, plays the slow-release effect.
4. The method fully utilizes the primary fermentation product of the wet garbage and the wet garbage particles, and has positive effects of promoting urban garbage reduction, resource recycling, energy conservation and emission reduction and improving the ecological environment quality of urban soil. The planting soil is used for helping the plant root system to grow and providing a good growing environment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
the golden street beech is transplanted in 2017 in 12 months in Shanghai, the chest diameter of the beech is more than 15cm, a bottom soil layer of 30cm, a wet garbage primary fermentation layer of 10cm, a perlite layer of 3cm, a greening planting soil layer of 25cm and a wet garbage granular layer of 3cm are laid in the planting holes, and ventilation pipes are inserted in the wet garbage primary fermentation layer. Systematic investigation is carried out on the soil improvement condition and the plant growth amount condition, and the soil and plant growth amount detection result is combined to confirm that the pH value of the soil is reduced by utilizing the wet garbage granules. The zelkova is deciduous arbor, and the chlorophyll content of the newly germinated zelkova leaf in 2018 spring is detected, (the chlorophyll content of the treated wet garbage is 36.02SPAD, and the chlorophyll content of the treated wet garbage is 32.94 SPAD), so that the improved formula based on the wet garbage is proved to be capable of effectively increasing the plant growth amount, and only 1 zelkova died in more than 200 beelkova trees.
Example 2:
according to the experimental demonstration, the Cherokee rose (the diameter at breast height is larger than or equal to 15 cm) and the American red maple (the diameter at breast height is larger than or equal to 20cm) are planted. 2, the planting difficulty of the plants in the Shanghai is high, a bottom soil layer is laid by 10cm, a wet garbage primary fermentation layer is laid by 10cm, perlite is laid by 5cm, a greening planting soil layer is laid by 20cm and a wet garbage granular layer is laid by 5cm, a vent pipe is inserted in the wet garbage primary fermentation layer, the temperature is low during transplanting, a small amount of wet garbage primary fermentation is covered on the surface of the wet garbage granular layer to maintain the temperature of the soil, the planting time of the engineering trees is 2018 and 2 months, and no plant dies up to now.
In addition, the germination time of the oriental cherry and the red maple treated by the wet garbage in spring is 12-20 days earlier than that of the oriental cherry and the red maple which are not used, and the flowering period is prolonged by 7-15 days than that of the oriental cherry and the red maple which are not used.
Example 3:
in the greening construction of the coastal zone of the circular dripping lake in the Shanghai Linhong region, more than 500 seedlings of 2-year-old such as zelkova, Chinese tallow tree, privet, elm, hackberry, chinaberry and the like and 30000 seedlings of Marsh Betula platyphylla are planted. According to the condition of field planting of the nursery stock, a foundation soil layer, a wet garbage particle layer, a perlite layer, a greening planting soil layer, a wet garbage primary fermentation layer and an outer soil layer are laid, a vent pipe is inserted into the wet garbage primary fermentation layer, the outer soil layer is covered with the wet garbage primary fermentation, and the covering thickness is 5 cm. The planting time of the engineering tree is 2018, 1 last ten days of the month, and no plant dies up to now.
Example 4:
the survival rate of 2-year-old seedlings transplanted by adopting the substrate layer, the wet garbage primary fermentation product, the perlite layer, the greening planting soil layer and the wet garbage particle layer system provided by the invention can reach 95%, and if sudden transplantation is directly adopted in the planting holes, the survival rate is only 75%.

Claims (6)

1. A method for improving the winter transplanting survival rate of plants is characterized in that: sequentially paving a bottom soil layer, a first wet garbage layer, a perlite layer, a green planting soil layer and a second wet garbage layer in the planting hole, wherein at least one of the first wet garbage layer and the second wet garbage layer is wet garbage primary fermentation; the soil ball of the transplanted plant root is positioned in the greening planting soil layer above the perlite layer; the first wet garbage layer is wet garbage primary fermentation products which are not completely fermented, and the second wet garbage layer is wet garbage granules; the wet garbage primary fermentation product is obtained by fermenting wet garbage for 10-15 days after being crushed, and the grain diameter is less than 1 cm; the wet garbage granules are granules prepared by dehydrating, drying and compressing wet garbage after secondary fermentation, and have the water content of less than 10wt%, the length of 2-4cm and the diameter of 0.5-1 cm; paving the wet garbage primary fermentation product with a thickness of 10-15cm, the perlite layer with a thickness of 3-5cm, and the wet garbage granule with a paving thickness of 2-5 cm;
the wet garbage primary fermentation product is provided with a vent pipe, one end of the vent pipe is positioned on the wet garbage primary fermentation product, and the other end of the vent pipe is positioned above the planting hole and communicated with the atmosphere.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the pH value of the wet garbage is 7.5-8.6, and the EC is 1-4.5mS cm-1And the organic matter content is 60-95 g.kg-1。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: an outer soil layer and/or a third wet garbage layer are/is further arranged above the second wet garbage layer, and the third wet garbage layer is wet garbage primary fermentation products.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the pH value of the planting soil is 6.0-7.8, the EC value is 0.10-0.9 mS/cm, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 20 g/kg.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the plant is a big arbor, and the transplanting time is 11 months to 2 months in the next year every year.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the soil ball for planting the plant roots is wrapped with a layer of wet garbage primary fermentation material.
CN201910489881.0A 2019-06-06 2019-06-06 Method for improving winter transplanting survival rate of plants Active CN110150080B (en)

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CN110150080B true CN110150080B (en) 2022-05-27

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102657061A (en) * 2012-05-23 2012-09-12 滁州市剑春园林园艺工程有限公司 Transplantation method for garden seedlings
CN204469470U (en) * 2015-03-10 2015-07-15 姬明华 Roof purification of air ecological box
CN105165549A (en) * 2015-09-10 2015-12-23 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 Tree transplanting method capable of improving survival rate
CN204968782U (en) * 2015-09-10 2016-01-20 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 Improve trees of survival rate and transplant soil layer structure

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102657061A (en) * 2012-05-23 2012-09-12 滁州市剑春园林园艺工程有限公司 Transplantation method for garden seedlings
CN204469470U (en) * 2015-03-10 2015-07-15 姬明华 Roof purification of air ecological box
CN105165549A (en) * 2015-09-10 2015-12-23 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 Tree transplanting method capable of improving survival rate
CN204968782U (en) * 2015-09-10 2016-01-20 苏州金螳螂园林绿化景观有限公司 Improve trees of survival rate and transplant soil layer structure

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