CN102870645A - Transplanting method of extra-large ancient cypresses - Google Patents
Transplanting method of extra-large ancient cypresses Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A transplanting method of extra-large ancient cypresses belongs to the field of transplanting technologies of large trees and includes the steps of firstly, measuring soil; secondly, detecting roots; thirdly, performing balance pruning; fourthly, breaking roots twice, and treating the roots; fifthly, sterilizing; sixthly, protecting trunks; seventhly, digging and binding soil beds; eighthly, lifting and transporting soil balls; and ninthly, treating planting environments, and planting. By scientific transplanting and maintenance management according to the transplanting method of extra-large ancient cypresses, new water balance systems are established after the ancient cypresses are transplanted, survival and germination of a great quantity of roots and shoots are ensured, healthy growth of the ancient cypresses is promoted, and the cypress trees grow are numerous in roots, branches and leaves. In order to guarantee healthy growth of the ancient cypresses, the ancient cypresses are maintained and rejuvenated scientifically 4-6 years after transplanting. The soil balls are packed and transported with specially made structural steel frames in bowled basket structures, firmness of the soil balls is guaranteed maximally, use is facilitated, and survival rate of the transplanted trees is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the transplanting big tree technical field, be specially the transplanting method of a kind of especially big ancient cypress.
Background technology
Because a variety of causes sometimes needs especially big ancient Bai Jinhang is transplanted.The Gu Bai that the present invention need to transplant is arbor-vitae
Platycladus orientalis(Linn.) Franco, Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae, Platycladus, aiphyllium.Claim again cypress, Japan cypress, arborvitae.The height of tree generally can reach 20 meters, the bark bronzing, and lobe, treelet tree crown ovum shape steeple shape, the ancient tree tree crown is extensively circular, and leaf, branch are flat, line up a plane, the two sides homotype, the leaf flakey, the different flower of monoecism, male and female flowering all singly are born in Zhi Ding, the florescence 3---4 month; Cone is closely avette, closely is blue-green when ripe, and by white powder, fruit scale is wooden, bronzing, and 4 pairs of fruit scales are opened when ripe, and there is a contrary flexure tip at the back; Seed is deviate from, and seed is avette, and taupe is aptery, and the rib ridge is arranged, the seed maturity 9-10 month.Heliophilous species, happiness light, the slightly anti-shade of seedling, treelet, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-fast flooding not, impoverishment tolerant is liked moisteningly, can grow at subacidity, neutrality and alkalescence soil, moistening fertile well-drained calcareous soil is born in happiness, and anti-saline and alkaline, the rudiment ability is strong, strong adaptability, poor growth, the life-span is extremely long, plant is thin and delicate, shallow root, without obvious main root, lateral root is flourishing, strong, the anti-pruning of rudiment, anti-flue dust, the pernicious gases such as anti-sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, wooden neither too hard, nor too soft, careful, fragrance is arranged, and corrosion resistant power is strong; Be the temperate zone seeds, cultivation, wildly all have, on level land or overhanging cliff, can both grow, grow between the height above sea level 300-3300m.Be distributed in the provinces and regions such as Southern Nei Mongol, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, North Guangdong; Also there is distribution in Korea.Treelet tree crown steeple shape, ancient tree are extensively conical, and branch is tiltedly opened up, and lines up some planes, and the life-span is extremely long, and less ill worm is multiplex in temple, graveyard, shop, museum and gardens hedgerow since ancient times; Also can be used for bonsai production; Seed can be used as medicine.
Arbor-vitae is listed in the city tree of Beijing, arbor-vitae is one of Chinese most widely used Landscape Trees, as at Beijing the Temple of Heaven, white marble railing and the blue bricks stone road of large stretch of arbor-vitae and juniper and Imperial Vault of Heaven, the Hall of Praying for Good Harvest form strong setting off by contrast, give prominence to fully main building, expressed clearly theme.Large stretch of arbor-vitae has been built solemnly silent quiet and beautiful atmosphere, and the Hall of Praying for Good Harvest, Imperial Vault of Heaven and overline bridge etc. are echoing mutually with Bai Qiang on the construction style, on the color, has expressed dexterously the theme of " the earth and a day logical spirit ".The arbor-vitae life-span is long, tree performance is beautiful, " the Xuanyuan cypress " at mausoleum, Xuanyuan, Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, on the books on stone tablet: " emperor plants tree personally; apart from modern about 5000; 19 meters of the height of trees, and tree encloses 11 meters " (diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3.5m) is the hat of group cypress, the reputation that " Chinese the first cypress " arranged is one of Huangling County, Shaanxi Province eight scapes.The ancient cypress (arbor-vitae) in ditch door zone of reservoir inundation historian river village, south, height of tree 18.5m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2.3m, leading thread 3.05m, clear bole height 4m, hat width of cloth 17.5m forms a brightening with the Xuanyuan cypress.
Existing tree grafting growth is general to adopt common steel frame construction packing to transplant, and its native ball is a ball-shaped structure, and in transportation, because a variety of causes, native ball caves in easily, affects the transplantation effect of trees; Particularly relate to the transplanting of especially big ancient wood, because native ball is larger, adopt the native ball fastness of coir rope wrapping poor, be easy in transportation, cave in the transplanting success of the ancient wood of final impact.And the age of tree of ancient cypress is larger, and its transplanting difficulty is higher.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the invention is to design the technical scheme of the transplanting method that a kind of especially big ancient cypress is provided, the enforcement science is transplanted and maintenance management, make Gu Bai after transplanting, set up new water balance system, guarantee to survive, sprout a large amount of new roots and young sprout, promote ancient cypress healthy growth, root is many, branch is numerous, full of leaves.
The transplanting method of described a kind of especially big ancient cypress is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) soil testing: at first detect local soil constituent, it is dynamic to grasp soil moisture, and then leaf, the branch according to ancient cypress carries out nutrient diagnosis, for the fertilising of the rejuvenation after the migration provides scientific basis; Keep the soil constituent on transplanting ground consistent with former habitat as far as possible;
2) visit root: around tree body soil 20-26 the spy in ball location root point, intensive root system basis originally is distributed under the soil layer between the 1-2m;
3) balance is pruned: by pruning the balance Supply and demand relation that progressively reaches blade and root system;
4) secondary is completely cured and root is processed: at first come orientation to be completely cured according to the root of the Preliminary Determination size and dimension that sticks together, be completely cured for the first time and launch with the diagonal cut of square 20-25m; Be completely cured for the second time and launch take circular radius as 4.0-5.0m, the degree of depth of being completely cured is 3-5m, using root-inducing powder at degree of depth 1.5-2.0m place after being completely cured processes, then earthing waters immediately, and described root-inducing powder is that indolebutyric acid, heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, the ABT1 root-inducing powder of weight ratio 5-7:1-3:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5 mixes formation;
5) disinfect: the saw kerf to topping, section root is smeared or wrapping work, adopts industrial alcohol to carry out the wound disinfection reparation to all saw kerfs;
6) trunk protection: after the work such as finish pruning, be completely cured, trunk a series of processing have been done, at first remove the bryophyte that adheres on the trunk, the part of having rotted in cleaning tree body inside, carrying out the cavity with similar cypress fills, the wound coating liquid carries out conservation treatment, and other sets the major branch top layer of body limb more than 20-25cm and wraps up with the piece of sack, to reduce moisture transpiration;
7) earthen platform excavation, colligation: remove butt table soil, according to fixed native bulb diameter, centered by trunk, mark the earthen platform blank, native ball is scraped out taper shape; Native ball is cut circle process, outward native ball is down repaired 0.8-1.2m from the earthen platform first, build again bowl-shape bottom soil ball; Be the Cosan of 1-3: 0.5-1.5 with weight ratio: ABT root-growing agent furnishing paste, carry out treatment of wounds to the face of being completely cured; Behind native ball top 0.8-1.2m colligation waist hoop, adopt the wrapping of pentagon coir rope, tamp native ball bottom, wrap up with the rope made of hemp again;
8) native ball lifting, transportation: adopt the native ball after the structural steel packing wrapping of bowl-shape holder basket, carry out first the ancient tree azimuth mark before the lifting, adopt the heavy lifting loop wheel machine, upright lifting, according to the actual state in butt cavity, avoid splitting, trunk is reinforced, be supported on the steel frame construction, then be transported to the plantation place;
9) planting environment is processed and plantation: the tree well that digs is in advance sprayed disinfectant carry out disinfection, then play base manure, this base manure consumption is unfixing, according to transplanting ground and former habitat soil heterogeneity, its consumption is different, by element proportionings such as N, P, K, allow and transplant ground soil near former habitat soil constituent; Base manure evenly is sprinkling upon around the planting hole, so that the soil constituent after the migration approaches the soil constituent before transplanting, then fill in a form first and fill out cubsoil behind the soil, when treating back soil transplanting is put into planting hole by former direction, root system is unfolded, the backfill cubsoil, adopt the surface planting mounding, after planting trees trunk and major branch base portion twined and tie up the straw rope and water, keep trunk moistening, prevent the moisture evaporation.
The transplanting method of described a kind of especially big ancient cypress, it is characterized in that: the balance in the step 3) is trimmed to three prunings: at first, topping: carry out topping according to the greening needs, choose the skeleton branch during topping at the top, stay 3-4 major branch to carry out " three is fixed ", namely decide branch, location, orientation, each major branch begins to stay 30-40cm heavily to cut from the trunk branch part, unnecessary branch all base portion removes, with the balance root/shoot ratio; Secondly, the comb branch: the main comb branch pruning method that adopts, repair first thorax branch in the overlapping branch, parallel branch, water sprout during pruning; The 3rd, decide framework: stay the enriching shoot of growth branch and germinating more, to the growth branch suitably cutting back to full bud place, about cutting back 1/3, pruning rate can reach 2/5-3/5, the overall framework that tree crown leaves tree when pruning, removal deadwood, sick branch, splitting branch, interior thorax branch.
The transplanting method of described a kind of especially big ancient cypress, it is characterized in that: the main points of being completely cured in the step 4): saw thick root with jig saw, fibrous root does not injure as far as possible, after thick root is sawed-off, with root-growing agent spray or with brush scopiform stratification, yellow mud is coated with xylem, if wrap up with film when failing timely backfill soil temporarily, Huolisu pouring root behind the backfill Nutrition Soil, and in conjunction with watering; Described root-growing agent is that indolebutyric acid, heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, the ABT1 root-inducing powder of weight ratio 5-7:1-3:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5 mixes formation; The amount of being completely cured: thick undercut is except 2/3-3/4.
The transplanting method of described a kind of especially big ancient cypress, it is characterized in that: the structural steel of the bowl-shape holder basket described in the step 8), comprise circle, base plate, upper circle, base plate are connected by large right cylinder, upper circle connects collar by back timber, one or more little right cylinder is set between the adjacent large right cylinder, and welding arranges one group of supporting plate and consists of bowl-shape holder basket fabric on large right cylinder, the little right cylinder.
The transplanting method of described a kind of especially big ancient cypress is characterized in that: for guaranteeing ancient cypress healthy growth, the 4-6 after transplanting carries out the scientific maintenance rejuvenation to it.
Described a kind of steel frame construction of using for transplanting is characterized in that being equipped with diagonal brace between the adjacent large right cylinder.
Described a kind of steel frame construction of using for transplanting is characterized in that being equipped with in the collar top board, is equipped with girth sheets in the upper circle.
Described a kind of steel frame construction of using for transplanting is characterized in that little right cylinder is connected by girder and large right cylinder.
The transplanting method of above-mentioned a kind of especially big ancient cypress, transplant and maintenance management by the enforcement science, make Gu Bai after transplanting, set up new water balance system, guarantee to survive, sprout a large amount of new roots and young sprout, promote ancient cypress healthy growth, root is many, branch is numerous, full of leaves, and for guaranteeing ancient cypress healthy growth, the 4-6 after transplanting carries out the scientific maintenance rejuvenation to it.And native ball is packed, transported to the structural steel by special bowl-shape holder basket, can farthest guarantee the fastness of native ball, easy to use, and the trees surviving rate after the transplanting is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is plan structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of looking up of the present invention;
Among the figure: 1-collar, 2-top board, 3-back timber, the upper circle of 4-, the upper girth sheets of 5-, the large right cylinder of 6-, 7-supporting plate, 8-diagonal brace, 9-girder, the little right cylinder of 10-, 11-base plate.
Embodiment
One specific embodiment below is provided, and the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: the especially big ancient cypress that transplant is arbor-vitae, is positioned at ditch door zone of reservoir inundation historian river village, south, Yan’an Huangling County, Shaanxi Province, height of tree 18.5m, and diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2.3m, leading thread 3.05m, clear bole height 4m, hat width of cloth 17.5m forms a brightening with the Xuanyuan cypress.Whole engineering is constructed in two stages:
Phase I ancient cypress prunes, be completely cured, the operation such as rejuvenation,------the tree body is fixing for the first time, and------enclose the dried cave of digging is completely cured---disinfects---basal dressing---Nutrition Soil backfill (gradation)---water---lid mulch film---the tree body is fixing for the second time---boring is observed---spraying (preventing excessive transpiration)---the front rejuvenation of transplanting, maintenance landform earth work to soil testing in balance prunings to visit root.This part working measure is analyzed as follows:
1. soil testing
At first detect local soil constituent, it is dynamic to grasp soil moisture; Then leaf, the branch according to ancient tree carries out nutrient diagnosis, for the fertilising of the rejuvenation after the migration provides scientific basis.
2. spy root
Visit root work round visiting root point layout, visiting the operations such as root point excavation, roots deep mensuration and organize work, locate 24 spy root points around the native ball of tree body, intensive root system basis originally is distributed under the soil layer between the 1-2m.
3. balance is pruned
Trim mode: minute three prunings progressively reach the balance Supply and demand relation of blade and root system.At first, topping: carry out topping according to the greening needs, choose the skeleton branch during topping at the top, stay 3-4 major branch to carry out " three is fixed ", namely decide branch, location, orientation, each major branch begins to stay 30-40cm heavily to cut from the trunk branch part, and unnecessary branch all base portions removes, with the balance root/shoot ratio, improve transplanting success.Elite tree height 18.5m, hat 19.6m, height 18.5m after pruning, hat 18m.Secondly, the comb branch: the main comb branch pruning method that adopts, repair first thorax branch in the overlapping branch, parallel branch, water sprout during pruning; The 3rd, decide framework: stay the enriching shoot of growth branch and germinating, suitably cutting back is to full bud place (about cutting back 1/3) to the growth branch more, and pruning rate can reach 2/5-3/5, and the overall framework that tree crown leaves tree when pruning is removed deadwood, sick branch, splitting branch, interior thorax branch.
4. be completely cured and the root processing
After determining, scheme to treasure the quality time that migration also has the certain intervals phase.At first to the ancient tree processing of being completely cured be carried out secondary and be completely cured, come orientation to be completely cured according to the root of the Preliminary Determination size and dimension that sticks together.Be completely cured for the first time and launch with the diagonal cut of square 21m; Be completely cured for the second time and launch take circular radius as 4.5m, the degree of depth of being completely cured can reach the summit of Root Distribution vertical distribution, and the degree of depth of being completely cured is 4m, uses root-inducing powder at degree of depth 1.5-2.0m place after being completely cured and processes, and then earth backing waters immediately.Planting environment is processed: remove the foreign material that hinder construction, by scheme requirement hole excavation, carry out soil removal and replacement when Qie Gen or plantation.The main points of being completely cured: saw thick root with jig saw, fibrous root does not injure as far as possible, after thick root is sawed-off, form layer with root-growing agent spray (or brush with brush), be coated with xylem with the yellow mud of sterilizing, if wrap up with film when failing timely backfill soil temporarily, Huolisu pouring root (in conjunction with watering) behind the backfill Nutrition Soil.The amount of being completely cured: thick undercut is except about 2/3rds, up to now till, visit root 3 times, set up an office 10 at every turn, without thick root more than the 10cm, have lateral root growth point rear about 2/10, fibrous root growing point about 5/10 is arranged.
5. disinfect
Saw kerf to topping, section root is smeared or wrapping work, and all saw kerfs are carried out the wound disinfection reparation; The evaporation of so obvious minimizing moisture is held the first pass for raising survives.Except the working measure of above necessity, carry out at ordinary times water and fertilizer management, prevent erosion and artificial destruction, for it creates stable growing environment.
6. trunk protection
After the work such as finish pruning, be completely cured; trunk a series of processing have been done; at first remove the bryophyte that adheres on the trunk; the part of having rotted in cleaning tree body inside; carrying out the cavity with similar cypress fills; wound coating, import medicament conservation treatment, other sets the major branch top layer of body limb more than 20cm and wraps up with the piece of sack, to reduce moisture transpiration.
The colligation of the ancient cypress soil of second stage ball; soil ball steel frame construction is made; lifting; support; transportation; unload tree; plantation; the operations such as support; the construction site is smooth; excavate consolidation process---earthen platform;------native ball is passed the winter, and---pruning before transplanting-anti-wind and snow facility is set up---balance pruning---native ball excavation, tree body straw rope in insulation in the steel frame construction making in colligation; the rope made of hemp is around doing protection---and the tree body supports during lifting; fixing---lifting---set body and supported during transportation; it is fixing that------nursery stock is unloaded, and---seedling growth---is disinfected---basal dressing---Nutrition Soil backfill (gradation)---support---tree body tuck in the transportation safety protection; transfusion bottle------exhaust outlet---the drip irrigation that cool canopy is set up---lightning-arrest protection from the wind is set up---of watering; spraying system is installed the rejuvenation maintenance of---levelling of the land---ancient tree later stage.This part working measure is analyzed as follows:
1. earthen platform excavation, colligation
To remove first butt table soil during excavation, excavate by the diameter of determining again, the soil ball will scrape out turbination (namely up big and down small), cutting circle behind the preliminarily forming processes, it is more smooth to be tried one's best in its surface, in order to wrapping, root section application Cosan and ABT root-growing agent carry out treatment of wounds in 2: 1 ratio furnishing paste shape, will in time wrap up after native ball digs.For having guaranteed the integral body of native ball, in pack twine, guarantee the tight ness rating of the rope made of hemp and native ball, local loose situation can not appear; The operation that the soil bag is pricked: the wrapping waist is pricked---straw rope layering wrapping (five-pointed star)--, and tamp-rope made of hemp wrapping native ball bottom.
2. native bag fills
Packing: adopt steel frame construction packing grafting, the angle steel skeleton reinforcing, during excavation soil, first line is centered by trunk, than the size expansion 10cm of regulation, standardized square blank as soil; From the earthen platform outward, first native ball is down repaired 1m, so that the colligation of waist hoop, also for native ball firmly, treat that the colligation of waist hoop is complete, begin to build bowl-shape bottom soil ball, because native ball is larger, it is very careful to get when the finishing of bowl dress gradient, firm to guarantee native ball, be unlikely to cave in, build the complete pentagon coir rope wrapping that just begins, the method can farthest guarantee the firm of native ball, outside steelframe is made the form that adopts bowl-shape holder basket, make angle steel skeleton, electric welding connects, to guarantee the fastness of steelframe.
Hoisting transportation time tree body support, fixing
Before the lifting, carry out first the ancient tree azimuth mark, adopt the heavy lifting loop wheel machine, upright lifting according to the actual state in butt cavity, is avoided splitting, and trunk is reinforced, and is supported on the steel frame construction.During lifting, with two cable wires, two being impaled,, hang on the suspension hook of crane 4 crown knots together, will be 2 ropes at trunk also, and on trunk during the tether rope, soft material on the pad in order to avoid the damage bark, is grasped the angle of trunk, slowly slings.Loop wheel machine is sling behind the native ball, the loop wheel machine principal arm keeps inactive state, must not turn to, after native ball below is sailed in the reversing of ten axle hydraulic flat cars into, adjust the hydraulic flat truck position, make native ball center of gravity consistent with the entrucking center of flat car, loop wheel machine gently is shelved on native ball on the stressed platform casing of hydraulic flat car, and adopt 8 5t chain blocks and steel wire loop that native ball colligation is fixed, after complete colligation was fixing, loop wheel machine can loose hook.
4. transportation
Treat fixing completely, car slowly advances to the plantation point.Because weight is huge, arrange two large-scale forklifts to follow before and after the wooden handcart, four-player regulator solution pressure balanced at any time on the car.Drive to the gradient highway section of turning round to car, two forklift traction wooden handcarts are up.Wooden handcart steadily will be set greatly and be transported to the plantation place on the distance.
5. ancient tree plantation
Plant, the tree well that digs in advance carries out powder-spreading and sterilizing, plays first base manure, take company's self-control nutrition fertilizer as main, evenly be sprinkling upon around the planting hole, fill out cubsoil behind the soil of then filling in a form first, when treating back soil transplanting is put into planting hole by former direction, root system is unfolded, and the backfill cubsoil adopts the surface planting mounding.Then mound becomes the mound, and it is ventilative to be conducive to like this root system, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root.After planting trees trunk and major branch base portion twined and tie up the straw rope and water, keep trunk moistening, prevent the moisture evaporation.
Should comprise the steelframe main body as Figure 1-3 for the steel frame construction that transplanting is used, described steelframe main body is bowl-shape holder basket fabric, makes skeleton with angle steel, and electric welding connects, to guarantee the fastness of steelframe.Described steelframe main body comprises circle 4, base plate 11, upper circle 4, base plate 11 are connected by large right cylinder 6, upper circle 4 connects collar 1 by back timber 3, one or more little right cylinder 10 is set between the adjacent large right cylinder 6, and welding arranges the bowl-shape holder basket fabric of one group of supporting plate, 7 formations on large right cylinder 6, the little right cylinder 10; Be equipped with diagonal brace 8 between the adjacent large right cylinder 6, little right cylinder 10 is connected the collar 1 interior top board 2 that arranges, the upper circle 4 interior girth sheets 5 that arrange by girder 9 and large right cylinder 6; Be empty in the middle of the upper circle 4, put well native ball into; Upper circle 4, base plate 11 are square structure.Described base plate 11 is comprised of base plate upper strata beam and base plate lower floor beam, base plate upper strata beam longitudinal arrangement, base plate lower floor beam is transversely arranged, and base plate upper strata beam, base plate lower floor beam are by the high-strength bolt formula structure that is connected, its contact-making surface is welded to connect, and avoids unbalance stress and causes two-layer slip.
Native gauge ball lattice according to trees: diameter 9000mm, degree of depth 3200mm are example.The upper circle 4, base plate 11 in the same sizes that then are used for the steel frame construction that transplanting uses, square, length of side 9000mm; Large right cylinder 6 high 3200mm, adjacent spacing 3000mm, 1 diagonal brace 8 of 6 welding of each large right cylinder is with No. 20 I-steel; The two-layer crossbeams of base plate 11 adopt 400mm * 200mm * 16mm square tubes, two-layerly are connected with M30 * 1000mm high-strength bolt; The steelframe crossbeam of upper circle 4 adopts 200mm * 150mm * 10mm square tube, upper circle adds the trapezoidal steelframe of one deck, trapezoidal lower circle is exactly the upper circle 4 of steel frame construction, trapezoidal upper circle claims collar 1, square, length of side 3800mm, high 500mm, collar 1 adopts 200mm * 150mm * 10mm square tube, adds 2 little right cylinders 10 in the middle of the large right cylinder 6 spacing 3000mm, welding 36 block supporting plates 7 corresponding with big or small right cylinder 6, supporting plate 7 thickness 10mm, width 400mm, length 2100mm, the pad of the diagonal brace of supporting plate 7 is close to native ball bottom with supporting plate 7 and is as the criterion.Adopt above-mentioned packing grafting, angle steel skeleton is reinforced, and when excavating soil, rules first, centered by trunk, enlarges 10cm than the size of stipulating, standardized square is as native blank; From the earthen platform outward.First native ball is down repaired one meter, so that waist hoop colligation, also for native ball firmly, treat that the colligation of waist hoop is complete, begin to build the native ball in bowl dress bottom, because native ball is larger, it is very careful to get when the finishing of bowl dress gradient, firm to guarantee native ball, is unlikely to cave in, build the complete pentagon coir rope wrapping that just begins, the method can farthest guarantee the fastness of native ball.The specification of steel frame construction can change according to the size of trees, as long as change the size of steel frame construction according to the size of ancient wood.
Adopt above-mentioned transplanting method that other ancient ginkgo is transplanted, also can obtain beneficial effect of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the transplanting method of an especially big ancient cypress is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) soil testing: at first detect local soil constituent, it is dynamic to grasp soil moisture, and then leaf, the branch according to ancient cypress carries out nutrient diagnosis, for the fertilising of the rejuvenation after the migration provides scientific basis; Keep the soil constituent on transplanting ground consistent with former habitat as far as possible;
2) visit root: around tree body soil 20-26 the spy in ball location root point, intensive root system basis originally is distributed under the soil layer between the 1-2m;
3) balance is pruned: by pruning the balance Supply and demand relation that progressively reaches blade and root system;
4) secondary is completely cured and root is processed: at first come orientation to be completely cured according to the root of the Preliminary Determination size and dimension that sticks together, be completely cured for the first time and launch with the diagonal cut of square 20-25m; Second is completely cured launches take circular radius as 4.0-5.0m, the degree of depth of being completely cured is 3-5m, using root-inducing powder at degree of depth 1.5-2.0m place after being completely cured processes, then earthing waters immediately, and described root-inducing powder is that indolebutyric acid, heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, the ABT1 root-inducing powder of weight ratio 5-7:1-3:0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5 mixes formation;
5) disinfect: the saw kerf to topping, section root is smeared or wrapping work, adopts industrial alcohol to carry out the wound disinfection reparation to all saw kerfs;
6) trunk protection: after the work such as finish pruning, be completely cured, trunk a series of processing have been done, at first remove the bryophyte that adheres on the trunk, the part of having rotted in cleaning tree body inside, carrying out the cavity with similar cypress fills, the wound coating liquid carries out conservation treatment, and other sets the major branch top layer of body limb more than 20-25cm and wraps up with the piece of sack, to reduce moisture transpiration;
7) earthen platform excavation, colligation: remove butt table soil, according to fixed native bulb diameter, centered by trunk, mark the earthen platform blank, native ball is scraped out taper shape; Native ball is cut circle process, outward native ball is down repaired 0.8-1.2m from the earthen platform first, build again bowl-shape bottom soil ball; Be the Cosan of 1-3: 0.5-1.5 with weight ratio: ABT root-growing agent furnishing paste, carry out treatment of wounds to the face of being completely cured; Behind native ball top 0.8-1.2m colligation waist hoop, adopt the wrapping of pentagon coir rope, tamp native ball bottom, wrap up with the rope made of hemp again;
8) native ball lifting, transportation: adopt the native ball after the structural steel packing wrapping of bowl-shape holder basket, carry out first the ancient tree azimuth mark before the lifting, adopt the heavy lifting loop wheel machine, upright lifting, according to the actual state in butt cavity, avoid splitting, trunk is reinforced, be supported on the steel frame construction, then be transported to the plantation place;
9) planting environment is processed and plantation: the tree well that digs is in advance sprayed disinfectant carry out disinfection, then play base manure, evenly be sprinkling upon around the planting hole, so that the soil constituent after the migration approaches the soil constituent before transplanting, then fill in a form first and fill out cubsoil behind the soil, when treating back soil transplanting is put into planting hole by former direction, root system is unfolded, the backfill cubsoil, adopt the surface planting mounding, after planting trees trunk and major branch base portion twined and tie up the straw rope and water, keep trunk moistening, prevent the moisture evaporation.
2. the transplanting method of a kind of especially big ancient cypress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the balance in the step 3) is trimmed to three prunings:
At first, topping: carry out topping according to the greening needs, choose the skeleton branch during topping at the top, stay 3-4 major branch to carry out " three is fixed ", namely decide branch, location, orientation, each major branch begins to stay 30-40cm heavily to cut from the trunk branch part, unnecessary branch all base portion removes, with the balance root/shoot ratio; Secondly, the comb branch: the main comb branch pruning method that adopts, repair first thorax branch in the overlapping branch, parallel branch, water sprout during pruning; The 3rd, decide framework: stay the enriching shoot of growth branch and germinating more, to the growth branch suitably cutting back to full bud place, about cutting back 1/3, pruning rate can reach 2/5-3/5, the overall framework that tree crown leaves tree when pruning, removal deadwood, sick branch, splitting branch, interior thorax branch.
3. the transplanting method of a kind of especially big ancient cypress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the main points of being completely cured in the step 4): saw thick root with jig saw, fibrous root does not injure as far as possible, after thick root is sawed-off, with root-growing agent spray or with brush scopiform stratification, yellow mud is coated with xylem, if wrap up with film when failing timely backfill soil temporarily, Huolisu pouring root behind the backfill Nutrition Soil, and in conjunction with watering; Described root-growing agent is that indolebutyric acid, heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate, the ABT1 root-inducing powder of weight ratio 6-6.5:1.5-2:1.0-1.2:1.0-1.2 mixes formation; The amount of being completely cured: thick undercut is except 2/3-3/4.
4. the transplanting method of a kind of especially big ancient cypress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the structural steel of the bowl-shape holder basket described in the step 8), comprise circle (4), base plate (11), upper circle (4), base plate (11) are connected by large right cylinder (6), upper circle (4) connects collar (1) by back timber (3), one or more little right cylinder (10) is set between the adjacent large right cylinder (6), and large right cylinder (6), the upper welding of little right cylinder (10) arrange one group of supporting plate (7) and consist of bowl-shape holder basket fabric.
5. the transplanting method of a kind of especially big ancient cypress as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: for guaranteeing ancient cypress healthy growth, the 4-6 after transplanting carries out the scientific maintenance rejuvenation to it.
6. a kind of steel frame construction of using for transplanting as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that being equipped with between the adjacent large right cylinder (6) diagonal brace (8).
7. a kind of steel frame construction of using for transplanting as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that being equipped with top board (2) in the collar (1), is equipped with girth sheets (5) in the upper circle (4).
8. a kind of steel frame construction of using for transplanting as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that little right cylinder (10) is connected by girder (9) and large right cylinder (6).
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