CN111602552A - Seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage - Google Patents
Seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111602552A CN111602552A CN202010504933.XA CN202010504933A CN111602552A CN 111602552 A CN111602552 A CN 111602552A CN 202010504933 A CN202010504933 A CN 202010504933A CN 111602552 A CN111602552 A CN 111602552A
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- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation and ridging: deeply ploughing a to-be-planted area, applying base fertilizer, then taking a soil layer and stacking the soil layer into soil ridges, and forming drainage ditches between adjacent soil ridges; (2) determining a planting point: determining the fixed point alignment according to the ridge width and the seedling growth range, and determining the planting points and planting intervals of the seedlings; (3) ridging and hole digging: ridging on the ridge, and digging planting holes at planting points on the ridge surface at the top of the ridge; (4) drilling a pit and filling fertilizer: respectively digging side pits on two side surfaces of the soil ridge corresponding to each planting point, filling a mixture of greening waste and organic fertilizer into the lower layers of the side pits, laying loose surface soil on the upper layers of the side pits, and compacting the loose surface soil; (5) and (6) backfilling the planting holes. The invention can effectively promote the inter-furrow drainage, and can conserve soil and provide required nutrients for the growth and development of plants; the method is simple and quick, and can realize cyclic, efficient, harmless and resource utilization of the greening waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage.
Background
The precipitation of China is not uniformly distributed in time and space. In time, precipitation is mainly concentrated in summer and autumn; in space, the precipitation quantity decreases from the southeast coastal region to the northwest inland, which causes drought and waterlogging problems in different areas. Excessive precipitation is very easy to cause root rot, diseases and waterlogging of plants (such as nursery stocks, fruit trees and the like), and serious influence is caused on the growth and development of nursery stocks, particularly in subtropical monsoon marine climate areas, cities with humid and rainy weather and frequent continuous rainwater for days or even months, such as Suzhou. Therefore, the drainage problem of the nursery stock is very important.
Traditional nursery stocks are generally cultivated in ridging mode, so that the ground temperature and the soil permeability can be improved, and meanwhile drainage and irrigation water can be managed conveniently. However, when rainwater falls on the ridges, a part of rainwater flows into the ditches along with the inclined planes, and a large part of rainwater vertically seeps into the deep layers, so that under the condition that rainwater is continuous and dense, the drainage effect of the ditches is not ideal, a large amount of rainwater vertically seeps into the vicinity of roots, and the seedlings are easy to lack oxygen and rotten roots. The 'influence of the ridging mode on the yield and the water utilization efficiency of corn irrigated in ridge film ditches' published by Gansu agricultural science and technology by Gansu et al discloses a ridging mode for improving the yield and the water utilization rate of corn, and researches show that under the condition that the ridge height is 15cm, the water utilization rate of the corn when the ridge surface is 60cm wide and the ditch width is 30cm is obviously higher than that of a micro-ridge planting mode. In the article of 'test research on migration characteristics of wide-ridge and ditch irrigation wetting front' published by 'Chinese rural water conservancy and hydropower', Zhao Xinyu et al, experiments prove that along with the increase of the ditch width, infiltration time is accelerated, the vertical migration distance of the soil wetting front is reduced, the transverse migration distance is increased, and transverse drainage can be assisted by increasing the ditch width. All of the researches help the plants to drain water by adjusting the shape of the furrows, the workload is large, and a large cultivated area is occupied.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage, which can promote inter-furrow drainage of seedlings under the rainy climate condition by digging side pits on the side faces of ridges and filling greening waste (dead branches and fallen leaves of plants) and organic fertilizers into the side pits to replace soil, and can provide rich nutrients for the seedlings, and has the characteristics of convenience, comprehensiveness and scientificity.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage comprises the following steps:
(1) soil-working and ridging
Deeply ploughing a to-be-planted area, applying base fertilizer, alternately taking soil layers and stacking the soil layers into soil ridges, and forming drainage ditches between adjacent soil ridges;
(2) determining planting points
Determining the planting points and planting intervals of the seedlings according to ridge width and the fixed point alignment of the seedling growth range by using the fixed point thin planting as a principle;
(3) hole digging in bed
Ridging on the ridge, digging planting holes at planting points on the ridge surface at the ridge top, and separately stacking surface soil and bottom soil in the hole digging process;
(4) pit-drilling fertilizer filling
Respectively digging side pits on two side surfaces of the soil ridge corresponding to each planting point, filling a mixture of greening waste and organic fertilizer into the lower layers of the side pits, laying loose surface soil on the upper layers of the side pits, and compacting the loose surface soil;
(5) backfilling planting hole
And placing the root of the seedling into the planting hole, and then backfilling the planting hole.
Further, the soil ridge formed in the step (1) is of a trapezoidal structure, the width of the top of the soil ridge is 2m, the width of the bottom of the soil ridge is 1.7m, and the depth of the drainage ditch is 40-50 cm.
Further, the depth of the planting hole in the step (3) is 60-80 cm.
Furthermore, the width of each side pit in the step (4) is 30cm, and the depth is 40-50 cm.
Furthermore, when the planting hole is backfilled, the lower layer of the planting hole is filled with a drainage material to form a drainage layer with a large gap, the middle layer of the planting hole is backfilled with soil with uniform soil quality, and the upper layer of the planting hole is backfilled with soil with fine soil quality, generally adopting surface soil; and pouring water thoroughly after backfilling.
Further, in the step (5), the drainage material for backfilling the lower layer of the planting hole is gravel.
The steps of digging pits and filling fertilizer in the method can be implemented before and after the nursery stock is planted.
The method is suitable for areas with wet and rainy days and frequent continuous rain for days or even whole months, such as cities of Suzhou and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the side surface of each ridge is respectively dug with a side pit corresponding to each planting point, the lower layer of each side pit is filled with a mixture of greening waste and organic fertilizer, and the upper layer of each side pit is paved with loose surface soil and compacted; the greening waste is grass scraps, branches, leaves and the like which are generated by natural growth and development of plants and pruning, and has good air permeability and water permeability, so that under the condition of rainy climate, one part of water can be transversely transported to flow into a drainage ditch through a ridge inclined plane, and the other part of water vertically permeates into the deep layer of soil, so that drainage is promoted, and the root system respiration of seedlings is accelerated; moreover, after the greening waste is mixed with the organic fertilizer, nutrients required for growth and development of the nursery stocks can be provided, and the piled greening waste is decomposed under the action of microorganisms after aerobic fermentation to form compost capable of promoting the growth of the nursery stocks along with the passage of time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can promote the rapid drainage of the seedlings on the ridges under rainy weather conditions, avoid the problems of poor growth, root rot and even waterlogging of the seedlings, realize the effect of conserving soil and provide required nutrients for the growth and development of plants; the method is simple and quick, and can realize cyclic, efficient, harmless and resource utilization of the greening waste.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plant elevation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-soil ridge, 2-drainage ditch, 3-planting hole, 4-side pit and 5-loquat seedling; the dimensions in the figures are indicated in mm.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by taking loquat seedling planting as an example.
The planting and cultivating process of the loquat seedlings is as follows:
(1) soil-working and ridging
Before cultivation, deeply ploughing a to-be-planted area by using a single-edged plough and a subsoiler to penetrate through a lower layer, ploughing to a depth of 40-50 cm, applying base fertilizer, piling soil ridges 1 by using a ridge-making machine on alternately soil-taking layers, and forming drainage ditches 2 between adjacent soil ridges 1; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the soil ridge 1 has a trapezoidal structure, the width of the top is 2m, the width of the bottom is 1.7m, the depth of the drainage ditch 2 is 40cm, the width of the bottom of the drainage ditch 2 is 50cm, and the width of the upper part of the drainage ditch 2 is 80 cm;
(2) determining planting points
Determining planting points and planting intervals of the loquat seedlings according to ridge width and the fixed-point line setting of the growth range of the loquat seedlings on the basis of fixed-point thin planting; as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in this embodiment, two rows of loquat seedlings are planted on each ridge, the planting distance between the two rows of loquat seedlings is designed to be 1m, and the distance between two adjacent loquat seedlings in each row is 1.2 m;
(3) hole digging in bed
Ridging is carried out on the ridge, planting holes 3 are dug at planting points on the ridge surface at the ridge top, and the depth of each planting hole 3 is 60-80 cm; in the process of digging holes, surface soil and bottom soil are separately stacked;
(4) pit-drilling fertilizer filling
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a side pit 4 is dug on the inclined planes at the two sides of the soil ridge 1 corresponding to each planting point, the width of each side pit 4 along the ridge length direction is 30cm, the depth is 40cm, and the dug side pits 4 are communicated with the planting holes 3; then, filling the side pits 4, wherein a mixture of greening waste (grass clippings, branches, leaves and the like generated by the natural growth and development and the pruning of plants) and organic fertilizer is filled in the lower layer 25cm of the side pits 4, and loose surface soil is laid in the upper layer 15cm of the side pits 4 and is compacted;
(5) backfilling planting hole
Placing the loquat seedling 5 into the planting hole 3, and then backfilling the planting hole 3; during backfilling, drainage materials such as gravel and stones are filled in the lower layer of the planting hole to form a drainage layer with large gaps so as to accelerate root system drainage; the middle layer of the planting hole is backfilled with soil with uniform soil quality, and the upper layer of the planting hole is backfilled with soil with fine soil quality, generally adopting surface soil; and pouring water thoroughly after backfilling.
In the method, the processes of digging pits and filling fertilizer can be implemented before and after the seedling planting and cultivation. If, do not chisel the hole when ridging and fill out fertile and meet long-term continuous precipitation, can directly carry out the operation of chisel hole fill out fertile according to position, width and the degree of depth of design to accelerate nursery stock root system breathing and drainage, the soil is kept in the palm simultaneously, promotes vegetation and develops.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents made by the contents of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) soil-working and ridging
Deeply ploughing a to-be-planted area, applying base fertilizer, alternately taking soil layers and stacking the soil layers into soil ridges, and forming drainage ditches between adjacent soil ridges;
(2) determining planting points
Determining the planting points and planting intervals of the seedlings according to ridge width and the fixed point alignment of the seedling growth range by using the fixed point thin planting as a principle;
(3) hole digging in bed
Ridging on the ridge, and digging planting holes at planting points on the ridge surface at the top of the ridge;
(4) pit-drilling fertilizer filling
Respectively digging side pits on two side surfaces of the soil ridge corresponding to each planting point, filling a mixture of greening waste and organic fertilizer into the lower layers of the side pits, laying loose surface soil on the upper layers of the side pits, and compacting the loose surface soil;
(5) backfilling planting hole
And placing the nursery stock into the planting hole, and then backfilling the planting hole.
2. The method for cultivating seedlings with water drainage among furrows as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil ridges formed in the step (1) are of a trapezoidal structure, the width of the top of each soil ridge is 2m, the width of the bottom of each soil ridge is 1.7m, and the depth of each drainage ditch is 40-50 cm.
3. The method for cultivating seedlings capable of promoting inter-furrow drainage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the planting hole in the step (3) is 60-80 cm.
4. The method for cultivating seedlings with improved inter-furrow drainage effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein each side hole in step (4) has a width of 30cm and a depth of 40-50 cm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the planting holes are backfilled by filling drainage material into the lower layer of the planting holes to form a drainage layer with large gaps, the middle layer of the planting holes is backfilled with soil with uniform soil quality, the upper layer of the planting holes is backfilled with soil with fine soil quality, and the water is poured thoroughly after the backfilling.
6. The method for cultivating seedlings to promote inter-furrow drainage as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (5), the drainage material for backfilling the lower layer of the planting hole is gravel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010504933.XA CN111602552A (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-05 | Seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage |
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| CN202010504933.XA CN111602552A (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-05 | Seedling cultivation method for promoting inter-furrow drainage |
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Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102499000A (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-06-20 | 山东农业大学 | Ditch grass ridging, drainage and root-raising method in apple orchard |
| CN102550157A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 北京市农林科学院 | Drainage method for orchard by raising high ridges |
| CN104206222A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-17 | 陈钱松 | Cultivation method for juicy peaches |
| CN104396693A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 湖北中天鸿源房地产开发有限责任公司 | Transplanting method for big tree |
| CN104838936A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-08-19 | 北京市农林科学院 | Water-saving peach tree planting method |
| CN107493858A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-22 | 襄阳市林业科学研究所 | The Hubei province oil cultural method of tree peony |
| CN108834727A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-20 | 湖南农业大学 | Rice field, which replants citrus, prevents the cultivation method for matching of soil top backwater |
| CN109006122A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-18 | 中国冶集团有限公司 | The nursery stock water discharge method in the stronger muck soil of water-retaining property |
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2020
- 2020-06-05 CN CN202010504933.XA patent/CN111602552A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
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| CN102550157A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 北京市农林科学院 | Drainage method for orchard by raising high ridges |
| CN102499000A (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-06-20 | 山东农业大学 | Ditch grass ridging, drainage and root-raising method in apple orchard |
| CN104206222A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-17 | 陈钱松 | Cultivation method for juicy peaches |
| CN104396693A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 湖北中天鸿源房地产开发有限责任公司 | Transplanting method for big tree |
| CN104838936A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-08-19 | 北京市农林科学院 | Water-saving peach tree planting method |
| CN107493858A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-22 | 襄阳市林业科学研究所 | The Hubei province oil cultural method of tree peony |
| CN109006122A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-18 | 中国冶集团有限公司 | The nursery stock water discharge method in the stronger muck soil of water-retaining property |
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Application publication date: 20200901 |