CN102498758B - A kind of water-saving cultivation method and growing structures - Google Patents
A kind of water-saving cultivation method and growing structures Download PDFInfo
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- CN102498758B CN102498758B CN201110305448.0A CN201110305448A CN102498758B CN 102498758 B CN102498758 B CN 102498758B CN 201110305448 A CN201110305448 A CN 201110305448A CN 102498758 B CN102498758 B CN 102498758B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of water-saving cultivation method, comprise the following steps: 1) pretreatment soil, on the soil handled well, water conservation layer is laid at interval, and interval width is 0.1-3.5 times of water conservation layer width; 2) soil between water layer or the soil that ships is gone bail for outward in step 1) heap builds cultivation ridge, self-assembling formation furrow between two cultivation ridges above the water conservation layer laid, and bottom cultivation ridge, every edge reserves 0.1-5 centimetre of water conservation layer and does not cover; 3) to step 2) the cultivation ridge of building up carries out conventional drip washing, and make moisture carry salt alkaloid substance and ooze out from cultivation ridge and overflow into furrow, until pH value to reach after 6-8 on cultivation ridge conventionally cultivated plant.Method of the present invention is applicable to desert, Gobi desert and saline land, simple, saving water resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural cultivation method, be specifically related to a kind ofly to carry out at the uncultivated area such as Gobi desert, saline land the growing structures that the water-saving cultivation method of agricultural production and the method set up.
Background technology
Drought desert, Gobi desert etc. are unfavorable for that the severe land area of plant growth accounts for about 20% of China's area, in this arid, short of rain, soil is barren, day and night temperature is large, under the severe environmental conditions at strong sunshine, rare plant growth, ecological environment frailty.
About there are 3.8 hundred million hm in saline land, the whole world
2, about there are 100,000,000 hm in China
2.And 6,700 ten thousand hm that also have an appointment in existing arable land
2soil belong to salination low-yield land, China also has 3,333 ten thousand hm in addition
2salination wild grass ground.The particularly ground such as Xinjiang, Gansu, the Inner Mongol of arid area, inland, the gross area in all kinds of saline land reaches about 2200hm
2wide, account for more than 22% of national saline-alkali soil area.
Through long-term production practices, China is to conducting extensive research in desert, Gobi desert and alkaline land improvement and have accumulated rich experience.Particularly by the mode of planting plants on desert, Gobi desert and saline land, original situation is made to obtain certain improvement.But there is many limitation in most of cultivation method of the prior art.Such as the leaching without seepage control measure is carried out to cultivation soil, temporarily can only remove part or most of salinity in soil, but salinity can permeate back with water again more after a while, not only allow the plant just starting to survive die very soon, and also can cause very large waste to water resource.
Disclose a kind of saline land greening method taking seepage control measure in ZL90105252.3, saline and alkalinely after overcoming leaching reverse osmosis can get back to the defect of soil again, achieve the saline and alkaline isolation to stripping.But the method process is complicated, material is various, causes it to implement high cost, be unfavorable for large area Rapid Popularization.
The present invention, on the basis of above-mentioned technical background, proposes a kind of new cultivation method, is highly suitable for saline land and Gobi desert is promoted the use of, and can saving water resource further.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: a kind of water-saving cultivation method is provided, be applicable to desert, Gobi desert and saline land, simple, saving water resource.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of water-saving cultivation method is provided, comprises the following steps:
1) water conservation layer is done
Pretreatment soil, on the soil handled well, water conservation layer is laid at interval, and interval width is 0.1-3.5 times of water conservation layer width;
2) heap builds cultivation ridge
The go bail for soil between water layer or the soil that ships outward is piled and is built cultivation ridge, self-assembling formation furrow between two cultivation ridges on the water conservation layer that step 1) is laid, and bottom cultivation ridge, every edge reserves 0.1-5 centimetre of water conservation layer and do not cover; The furrow degree of depth, lower than water conservation layer edge, is exposed in cultivation ridge at the edge of the visible water conservation layer of furrow;
3) cultivated plant
To step 2) the cultivation ridge of building up carries out conventional drip washing, and make moisture carry salt alkaloid substance and ooze out from cultivation ridge and overflow into furrow, until pH value to reach after 6-8 on cultivation ridge conventionally cultivated plant.
Before step 1) pretreatment soil can first according to soil situation ground grading, use clear water flood irrigation, its effect one is heavy face on the spot, and two is reduce saline and alkaline content of material.Can also determine that the pine whether carrying out soil turns over and sieves according to ground condition.
Pretreatment soil method for optimizing described in step 1) is as follows: require that pine is digged behind ground according to root system of plant, first the sieve in 10 ~ 20 millimeters, the soil aperture of scarifying is sieved out large chad and fine sand soil, chad layer is formed, by fine sand soil place mat on described chad layer by below large chad place mat.This preferred version is specially adapted to the sandy land such as desert or Gobi desert.
The cross section of the water conservation layer that step 1) is laid can be level, also can be recessed or epirelief.Recessed is beneficial to water conservation, epirelief be beneficial to draining, level moderate.The shape of the cross section of water conservation layer selects the moisture capacity depending on cultivation ridge, and the moisture capacity can carrying out soil by method below in practice measures and selects the shape of cross section of corresponding water conservation layer.
In large glass beaker, load the soil sample on cultivation ridge, the thickness of soil sample is equal with beaker radius.Irrigate with water, keep soil sample thickness equal with beaker radius, natural air drying is for subsequent use.With buret in beaker mouth center to soil sample drip irrigation clear water, observe current and enter the spread condition after soil sample.
If current longitudinal diffusion also diffuses laterally into walls of beaker to during beaker bottom simultaneously, i.e. horizontal proliferation speed is equal with vertical proliferation speed, the water conservation layer of the suitable selection level shape cross section of this situation;
If current longitudinal diffusion do not diffuse laterally into walls of beaker to beaker bottom, i.e. horizontal proliferation speed is less than vertical proliferation speed, this situation should select the water conservation layer of concave cross section;
If current also do not have longitudinal diffusion to beaker bottom but diffuse laterally into walls of beaker, i.e. horizontal proliferation speed is greater than vertical proliferation speed, and this situation should select the water conservation layer of convex-shaped cross section.
Water conservation layer described in step 1) can be laid with various agricultural film.
The degree of depth (namely cultivating the height on ridge) residing for water conservation layer described in step 1) should exceed plow layer, in order to avoid water conservation layer when ploughing of changing crops is destroyed because of carelessness.
Step 2) pile the cross section on cultivation ridge built preferably in up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal.
Step 2) preferably build at heap when heap builds cultivation ridge and add fertilizer with in soil.
Step 2) pile the height (distance that water conservation layer edge push up to ridge) on cultivation ridge, width (ridge bottom width), the spacing (two cultivating the distance bottom ridge, namely furrow) of building and can require decision according to the growth of institute cultivated plant.Not only cultivation ridge is unsuitable wide, is advisable, so that unnecessary moisture spreads along water conservation layer to the both sides of the edge on ridge, oozes out, prevents ponding but also prevent salination with the width can planting the capable plant of 1-2 side by side.
In cultivation described in step 3), preferably according to soil test result, formulate fertilizer formula, rational application of fertilizers will be carried out as far as possible.
In a preferred version of the present invention, step 2) heap is when building cultivation ridge, at the little irrigation ditch of the cultivation recessed formation of ridge center of top; And when the cultivation described in step 3), the little irrigation ditch both sides on same cultivation ridge cultivate 2 row plants side by side.
The growing structures that the present invention also provides described water-saving cultivation method to set up, as shown in Figure 1, often organizing growing structures and comprise basic unit 1, water conservation layer 2 and cultivation ridge 3 from top to bottom successively, is the furrow 4 of self-assembling formation between described cultivation ridge 3; Bottom described cultivation ridge 3, every edge reserves 0.1-5 centimetre of water conservation layer 2 and does not cover.
Described basic unit 1 preferably includes the chad layer 5 of lower floor and the fine sand soil horizon 6 on upper strata.
Described cultivation ridge 3 center of top preferably comprises little irrigation ditch 7 further.
Described water conservation layer can be level, epirelief or recessed in any one; Described water conservation layer material can select various agricultural film.
In growing structures of the present invention, between cultivation ridge, the furrow of self-assembling formation is saline and alkaline for getting rid of, and during large water wash process soil, the saline and alkaline meeting of overflowing water conservation layer with water enters in furrow; Because the degree of depth of furrow is lower than the water conservation layer of cultivating ridge, so not only can get rid of saline and alkaline but also can prevent the moisture of furrow from infiltrating cultivation ridge; The Main Function of water conservation layer is water conservation, and salt alkaloid substance below can be stoped to invade cultivation ridge simultaneously.When irrigating cultivation ridge, oozing under moisture and being subject to water conservation layer and stoping and be detained, thus delaying, reduce water loss, making cultivation ridge keep certain moisture.When cultivating ridge water saturation, unnecessary moisture can ooze out cultivation ridge from water conservation layer edge, overflow into furrow.
Water-saving cultivation method provided by the invention and growing structures can be widely used in Gobi desert, desert and saline land.Do every mu, water conservation layer ground cost at about 1000 yuan with plastic film, usually do water conservation layer with the old canopy film changed in practice, cost is lower; Do water conservation layer with common canopy film and generally can use 10 years continuously; About 1100 yuan, cost of labor every mu ground, comprises that pine turns over, sub-sieve, does water conservation layer, builds cultivation ridge.Putting into practice Peasants is usually form oneself organizing construction helped each other.Compared with method of the prior art, cultivation method of the present invention can not only effective saving water resource, the more important thing is simple, with low cost, is convenient to implement and promote.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the growing structures in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
For Akto County, PrimarystudyondeformAtkizilreservoir state Gobi desert culturing vegetable:
As shown in Figure 1, comprise the thick polyethylene film water conservation layer 2 of cultivation 1,8 μm, basic unit and cultivation ridge 3 from top to bottom successively, be the furrow 4 of self-assembling formation between described cultivation ridge 3 to growing structures; Described basic unit comprises the chad layer 5 of lower floor and the fine sand soil horizon 6 on upper strata; Cultivation ridge 3 center of top leaves little irrigation ditch 7; Described water conservation layer 2 is than wide 3 centimetres bottom cultivation ridge 3, and visible plastic film edge, furrow both sides exposes in cultivation ridge.
Wherein cultivate high 45 cm in ridge, ridge, wide 70 cm bottom ridge, distance between the ridges 50 cm; Plastic film water conservation layer is concave; Two row vegetables are cultivated on every ridge.
Cultivation method is as follows:
1) ground grading, pine turns over the degree of depth 30 cm, with the sieve of aperture 15 millimeter, the soil sieve of scarifying is separated large chad and fine sand soil.Large chad place mat is formed chad layer 5 at the bottom, fine sand soil horizon 6 is become with the fine sand soil place mat sieved out on chad layer 5, and edaphic for fine sand surface is processed into recessed smooth arc-shaped surface by south-north direction compartment of terrain, likeness in form shallow ridges, interval width is 50 centimetres, every bar smooth arc-shaped surface is wide 70 centimetres, then on every bar smooth arc-shaped surface, lays plastic film water conservation layer 2, and plastic film width exceeds 3 centimetres, smooth arc-shaped surface edge.
2) the fine sand soil of going bail between water layer 2 is piled and is built cultivation ridge 3 on the water conservation layer 2 that step 1) is laid, cultivation ridge 3 height 45 cm, article two, cultivate distance between the ridges 50 cm, the cultivation recessed formation of ridge 3 center of top little irrigation ditch 7, bottom cultivation ridge 3, every edge reserves 3 centimetres of water conservation layers 2 and does not cover; Self-assembling formation furrow 4 between every two cultivation ridges 3, furrow 4 degree of depth, lower than water conservation layer 2 edge, is exposed in cultivation ridge 3 at the edge of the visible water conservation layer 2 of furrow 4.
3) to step 2) the cultivation ridge 3 of building up carries out conventional drip washing, and make moisture carry salt alkaloid substance and ooze out from cultivation ridge and overflow into furrow 4, until after pH value reaches 6-8, two row vegetables are cultivated on every ridge, 9 months phases of cultivation.Kind has: tomato, capsicum, eggplant, cucumber.
Through cultivation method of the present invention, per mu yield tomato 12915 kilograms, cucumber 13698 kilograms, eggplant 14112 kilograms, 4249 kilograms, capsicum, comparatively other prior art output on average improves 27%; Every mu of water consumption, less than 200 cubic metres, is 1/6th of common drip irrigation cultivation mode water consumption.Listed in great Transformation of Agricultural Sci-Tech Achievements project by the Ministry of Science and Technology, in first Chinese agriculture scientific and technical innovation foundation contest, obtained special award.
Embodiment 2
For coastal saline land, Shandong Shouguang City culturing vegetable:
High 45 cm in cultivation ridge, ridge, wide 70 cm bottom ridge, distance between the ridges 50 cm; Plastic film water conservation layer is horizontal shape; Two row vegetables are cultivated on every ridge.
Cultivation method is as follows:
1) pine is digged ground, and pine turns over that travel direction is vertical with the trend on cultivation ridge, and pine turns over the degree of depth 20 cm, loose turns over while moved on to by soil on the ground in more than 70 centimetre, front.After pine turns over and carries out more than 70 centimetre (this is the position of cultivation residing for ridge, is the width bottom cultivation ridge), by smooth for the Land leveling climbed over, the plastic film that cover width is 70 centimetres.Continue pine and turn over 120 centimetres, and soil heap is formed cultivation ridge on a plastic film.At interval 50, centimeters such as previous methods re-lays plastic film, then pine turns over 120 centimetres, and soil heap is formed cultivation ridge on a plastic film.Advance successively.
2) finishing cultivation ridge, make cross section be up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal, the edge 0.1-5 centimetre of plastic film is exposed in bottom.Cultivation ridge height 45 cm, two cultivation distance between the ridges 50 cm, the little irrigation ditch of the cultivation recessed formation of ridge center of top; Self-assembling formation furrow between every two cultivation ridges, the furrow degree of depth, lower than water conservation layer edge, is exposed in cultivation ridge at the edge of the visible water conservation layer of furrow.
3) to step 2) the cultivation ridge of building up carries out conventional drip washing, and make moisture carry salt alkaloid substance and ooze out from cultivation ridge and overflow into furrow, until after pH value reaches 6-8, two row vegetables are cultivated on every ridge, 9 months phases of cultivation.Kind has: tomato, capsicum, eggplant.
Through cultivation method of the present invention, per mu yield tomato 13158 kilograms, eggplant 14510 kilograms, 4132 kilograms, capsicum, comparatively other prior art output on average improves 13%; Every mu of water consumption, less than 200 cubic metres, is 1/6th of common drip irrigation cultivation mode water consumption.
Embodiment 3
For semiarid zone, Kangping County, Liaoning culturing vegetable:
Wherein cultivate high 45 cm in ridge, ridge, wide 70 cm bottom ridge, distance between the ridges 50 cm; Plastic film water conservation layer is concave; Two row vegetables are cultivated on every ridge.
Cultivation method is as follows:
Pine dig ground, lay water conservation layer, process that heap builds cultivation ridge is similar to " embodiment 2 ", difference is, when laying plastic film, land disposal is become recessed cambered surface, makes a likeness in form shallow ridges bottom cultivation ridge.
Two row vegetables are cultivated on every ridge, 9 months phases of cultivation.Kind has: tomato, strawberry.
Through cultivation method of the present invention, per mu yield cherry and tomato 5831 kilograms, strawberry 4590 kilograms, comparatively other prior art output on average improves 11%; Every mu of water consumption is less than 150 cubic metres.Product, with the good well-known distance of mouthfeel, becomes one of gift that relevant department specifies.
Claims (5)
1., for the water-saving cultivation method in saline land, comprise the following steps:
1) water conservation layer is done
Pretreatment soil, on the soil handled well, water conservation layer is laid at interval, and interval width is 0.1-3.5 times of water conservation layer width; The cross section of the water conservation layer laid is level or epirelief; Described pretreatment soil method is as follows: require that pine is digged behind ground according to root system of plant, first the sieve in 10 ~ 20 millimeters, the soil aperture of scarifying is sieved out large chad and fine sand soil, chad layer is formed, by fine sand soil place mat on described chad layer by below large chad place mat;
2) heap builds cultivation ridge
The soil between water layer or the soil that ships go bail for outward in step 1) heap builds cultivation ridge above the water conservation layer laid, and the cross section piling the cultivation ridge built is up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal; Article two, cultivate self-assembling formation furrow between ridge, bottom cultivation ridge, every edge reserves 0.1-5 centimetre of water conservation layer and does not cover;
3) cultivated plant
To step 2) the cultivation ridge of building up carries out conventional drip washing, and make moisture carry salt alkaloid substance and ooze out from cultivation ridge and overflow into furrow, until pH value to reach after 6-8 on cultivation ridge conventionally cultivated plant.
2. the water-saving cultivation method for saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1) described in water conservation layer agricultural film lay.
3. the water-saving cultivation method for saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) heap is when building cultivation ridge, at the cultivation recessed formation of ridge center of top little irrigation ditch; And in step 3) described in cultivation time, the little irrigation ditch both sides on same cultivation ridge cultivate 2 row plants side by side.
4. the growing structures set up of the water-saving cultivation method for saline land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: often organizing growing structures and comprise basic unit (1), water conservation layer (2) and cultivation ridge (3) from top to bottom successively, is the furrow (4) of self-assembling formation between described cultivation ridge (3); Described basic unit (1) comprises the chad layer (5) of lower floor and the fine sand soil horizon (6) on upper strata; The cross section of described water conservation layer is level or epirelief; The cross section on described cultivation ridge is up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal; Described every edge, bottom, cultivation ridge (3) reserves 0.1-5 centimetre of water conservation layer (2) and does not cover.
5. growing structures according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described cultivation ridge (3) center of top comprises little irrigation ditch (7) further.
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| CN102948348B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-12-10 | 湖南农业大学 | Multi-cropping cultivation method for rice with low agricultural consumption period, rice and winter crops under rice ladder type cultivation |
| CN105284355B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2018-06-26 | 中国农业大学 | One kind steams cultural method for non-arable land facility leak stopping limit |
| CN108307968A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-07-24 | 合肥百绿盛农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of varieties in saline-alkali areas plantation Chinese herbaceous peony |
| CN109845525B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-11-26 | 新疆农业大学 | Planting device for desert irrigation-free ecological restoration |
| CN109937842B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2021-11-26 | 新疆农业大学 | Water-saving method for soil structure for greening |
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| JPH0740830B2 (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1995-05-10 | 不動建設株式会社 | Water retaining material for planting |
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| CN1943316A (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-11 | 杨开建 | Anti-leakage, water conversion, water-saving fertilizer nutrition liquid irrigation planting method for thin film horizontal band ditch and bucket type bag |
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Effective date of registration: 20190625 Address after: 110141 Fuguan Village, Yangshixiang, Yuhong District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Co-patentee after: Zhou Hang Patentee after: Shenyang Lvnong Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. Co-patentee after: Tang Jiabin Address before: 110013 Mailbox 2411, Galaxy International BC Block, 28 North Station Road, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province Co-patentee before: Song Congxiao Patentee before: Gao Dongxiang Co-patentee before: Song Yuanchun |
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