CN104996052A - Method for increasing utilization rate of manure and water for dryland orchards - Google Patents
Method for increasing utilization rate of manure and water for dryland orchards Download PDFInfo
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- CN104996052A CN104996052A CN201510411249.6A CN201510411249A CN104996052A CN 104996052 A CN104996052 A CN 104996052A CN 201510411249 A CN201510411249 A CN 201510411249A CN 104996052 A CN104996052 A CN 104996052A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the utilization rate of manure and water for dryland orchards. The method comprises the following steps: digging fertilizing trenches; applying the manure to the dug trenches; irrigating the trenches in which the manure is applied; covering mulching films on the irrigated trenches; blocking soil on the covered mulching films in a sectioning manner; pricking holes in the mulching films on which the soil is blocked; and planting green manure between lines of each line of trees. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a manure-water-film integrating technique is adopted for the orchards, so that covered films and fertilizing trenches are combined, water poured at an early stage and rainwater collected at a later stage are mainly irrigated into the fertilizing trenches, the integration of the water and the manure is realized, the interaction effects of moisture content and the manure are improved, the enrichment of the manure and the water in a part of soil at the rhizosphere of fruit trees is realized, the micro-region environment of the rhizosphere of the fruit trees can be improved, nutrient and the moisture content are effectively supplied for the fruit trees, tree bodies are cultured strongly, and the yield and the quality of apples are obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, relate to a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency.
Background technology
The now main earth's surface Cultivating techniques in orchard is as follows: 1. clear ploughing is irrigated, this is a kind of conventional aqueous cultivate mode being applicable to having irrigation conditions orchard, and has the orchard of irrigation conditions, does not carry out Mulching treatment after irrigation, the soil water evaporation on top layer is too fast, greatly reduces efficiency of water application.2. orchard ground cover system, this Shi Duiquan garden or inter-row green covering, soil surface is not exposed, cradle several times the fraction of the year of per, or the soil moisture management method throughout the year do not cradled, long-term sward can maintain the basic fertility of soil, improve the comprehensive fertility of soil, improves root system ecotope, promotes constantly advancing of fruits industry.3. Orchard Plant Cover, be exactly between the tree dish, strain of fruit tree, Hang Neihuoquan garden stalks mulching, also claiming orchard improving straw mulching, is comparatively common moisture cultivate mode.4. fruit tree water, fertile integration, fertilising combined with pouring water exactly, water, fertilizer enter the process of fruit tree root system simultaneously, weight feed fruit tree root moisture, nutrient, improve the effective ways of water and fertilizer utilization, but water, fertile integrated technique not yet form systematic difference system.5. plastic mulching, be exactly that rain is supported orchard and effectively increased soil storage, improve the important technique measure of apple production, orchard plastic mulching is by forming air-locked physical barrier at soil surface than the soil moisture content height of open ground, cut off the exchange between soil moisture and air, and water-gas cyclic space that formation one is closed between mulch film and soil, the moisture evaporated in such soil aggegation under mulch film forms water droplet and again turns back in soil, makes earth's surface still can keep higher water content when not having water replenishment for a long time.
When research shows that orchard ground cover is cultivated, there is water competition, particularly 0 ~ 40cm soil layer between grass and fruit tree, with the increase of the sward time limit, water competition extends to darker soil layer.Simple plastic mulching seepage of water is poor, though can improve Surfaces soil water content, affects supplementing of Precipitation on Soil moisture, especially deep carbonate rocks is supplementary, cause deep carbonate rocks to occur significantly exhausting phenomenon, soil structure hardens, soil aggregate hydraulic performance decline.Easily there is the plague of rats, insect pest and local root rot in orchard improving straw mulching.Orchard is fertile in, water integrated lacking increased surface covering moisture runoff and invalid evaporation increases greatly.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency, have employed fertilizer, water, film integrated technique, solve the problem that utilization rate of fertilizer under the water deficit conditions of arid area is low.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, opens dressing furrow;
Step 2, applies fertilizer in the ditch that step 1 is opened;
Step 3, irrigates in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2;
Step 4, the ditch upper cover mulch film after irrigating in step 3;
Step 5, segmentation gear soil on the mulch film that step 4 is built;
Step 6: in steps of 5 hole pricked by the good native mulch film of gear;
Step 7, at the green manuring in the ranks that each row is set.
Feature of the present invention is also,
Wherein step 1 is opened the detailed process of dressing furrow and is:
Along the row of tree to opening dressing furrow under tree crown, ditch depth 20 ~ 30cm, furrow width 30 ~ 50cm.
Wherein in step 2, institute's fertilise comprises farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer, comprises nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer to fertilize, and contain the fruit tree phase, mu executes farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 20 ~ 30kg, phosphate fertilizer 15 ~ 20kg, potash fertilizer 20 ~ 25kg.
The detailed process of wherein irrigating in step 3 is:
Fill with natural pond liquid, natural pond slag in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2, the irrigation volume in the other corresponding ditch of every strain fruit tree is 25 ~ 50kg.
The another kind of detailed process of wherein irrigating in step 3 is:
Pour water in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2, the irrigation quantity in the other corresponding ditch of every strain fruit tree is 90 ~ 120kg.
Wherein in step 4, the detailed process of epiphragma is:
Step 4.1, is backfilling into lower than 5 ~ 10cm place, ground by the dressing furrow after irrigating in described step 3;
Step 4.2, covering with plastic film on the dressing furrow after backfill, the matrix low in the middle of plastic mulching is formed on dressing furrow, both sides are high, the degree of depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is not less than 5cm.
Wherein concrete in step 5 gear soil process is:
The mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions keeps off soil.
The detailed process of wherein pricking hole in step 6 is:
Prick hole keeping off between two on the mulch film between native section, the quantity of pricking hole is 1 ~ 3, and pore size is 3 ~ 5cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, " integration of fertilizer, water, film " technology is adopted to be combined with dressing furrow by overlay film to orchard in the present invention, the main rainwater of pouring water early stage and collecting with the later stage that utilizes is in dressing furrow, realize water, fertile integration, improve the reciprocal effects of moisture and fertilizer, achieve the rich water enrichment of fruit tree rhizosphere soil local, fruit tree Rhizosphere environment can be improved, effective supply fruit tree nutrient, moisture, training strong tree body, significantly improves apple yield and quality.Stalks mulching, green manure, weeds or other organic substance is coordinated in the ranks after orchard is carried out " integration of fertilizer, water, film ", there is the effect of culture fertility and soil moisture conservation, add absorbing of the tree various nutritive element of body, trunk infusion substance accumulation is increased, thus the collaborative yield and quality improving fruit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency of the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, opens dressing furrow;
Detailed process is, along the row of tree to opening dressing furrow under tree crown, and ditch depth 20 ~ 30cm, furrow width 30 ~ 50cm.
Step 2, applies fertilizer in the ditch that step 1 is opened;
Institute's fertilise comprises farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer (farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer mixing are executed), comprise nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer to fertilize, trees in richful production period, mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg, mu nitrogen fertilizer application 20 ~ 30kg, phosphate fertilizer 15 ~ 20kg, potash fertilizer 20 ~ 25kg.
Step 3, irrigates in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2;
The detailed process of irrigating is:
Fill with natural pond liquid, natural pond slag in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2, the irrigation volume in the other corresponding ditch of every strain fruit tree is 25 ~ 50kg.
Pour water in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2, the irrigation quantity in the other corresponding ditch of every strain fruit tree is 90 ~ 120kg.
Step 4, the ditch upper cover mulch film after irrigating in step 3;
Step 4.1, is backfilling into the dressing furrow watering water in step 3 lower than 5 ~ 10cm place, ground;
Step 4.2, covering with plastic film on dressing furrow after backfill, the matrix low in the middle of plastic mulching is formed on dressing furrow, both sides are slightly high, tension, stretching, corrugationless be close to dressing furrow is needed during plastic mulching, the degree of depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is not less than 5cm, and is as far as possible vertically pressed in soil.
Step 5, segmentation gear soil on the mulch film that step 4 is built.
Concrete gear soil process is: on the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions, keep off soil.
Step 6: in steps of 5 hole pricked by the good native mulch film of gear;
Prick hole keeping off between two on the mulch film between native section, the quantity of pricking hole is 1 ~ 3, and the diameter in each hole is 3 ~ 5cm;
Step 7, at the green manuring in the ranks that each row is set.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, along the row of tree to opening dressing furrow under tree crown, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 30cm;
Step 2, in the Sheng fruit tree phase, in the dressing furrow opened in step 1, mu executes 2000kg farmyard manure, 20kg nitrogenous fertilizer, 15kg phosphate fertilizer, 20kg potash fertilizer;
Step 3, fills with natural pond liquid, natural pond slag in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2, and the irrigation volume in the other corresponding ditch (executing the ditch of overfertilization) of every strain fruit tree is 25kg;
Step 4, the dressing furrow of step 3 being filled with after natural pond liquid, natural pond slag is backfilling into lower than 5cm place, ground, then on the dressing furrow backfilled, black mulch film is covered, the matrix low in the middle of plastic mulching is formed on dressing furrow, both sides are slightly high, tension, stretching, corrugationless be close to dressing furrow is needed during plastic mulching, the degree of depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is 5cm, and is as far as possible vertically pressed in soil;
Step 5, the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions keeps off soil;
Step 6 is the hole of 3cm keeping off bundle 1 diameter on the mulch film between native section between two;
Step 7, at the green manuring in the ranks (green manuring can improve the content of the soil organic matter) that each row is set.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, along the row of tree to opening dressing furrow under tree crown, ditch depth 25cm, furrow width 40cm;
Step 2, in the Sheng fruit tree phase, in the dressing furrow opened in step 1, mu executes 2500kg farmyard manure, 25kg nitrogenous fertilizer, 18kg phosphate fertilizer, 22kg potash fertilizer;
Step 3, fills with natural pond liquid, natural pond slag in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2, and the irrigation volume in the other corresponding ditch (executing the ditch of overfertilization) of every strain fruit tree is 50kg;
Step 4, dressing furrow after filling with natural pond liquid, natural pond slag in step 3 is backfilling into lower than 8cm place, ground, then the dressing furrow after backfill covers black mulch film, the matrix low in the middle of plastic mulching is formed on dressing furrow, both sides are slightly high, tension, stretching, corrugationless be close to dressing furrow is needed during plastic mulching, the degree of depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is 10cm, and is as far as possible vertically pressed in soil;
Step 5, the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions keeps off soil;
Step 6, pricks the hole that 2 diameters are 4cm keeping off between two on the mulch film between native section;
Step 7, at the green manuring in the ranks that each row is set.
Embodiment 3
Step 1, along the row of tree to opening dressing furrow under tree crown, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width 50cm;
Step 2, in the Sheng fruit tree phase, in the dressing furrow opened in step 1, mu executes 3000kg farmyard manure, 30kg nitrogenous fertilizer, 20kg phosphate fertilizer, 25kg potash fertilizer;
Step 3, pours water in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2, and the irrigation quantity in the other corresponding ditch of every strain fruit tree is 100kg;
Step 4, dressing furrow after step 3 being poured water is backfilling into lower than 10cm place, ground, then on the dressing furrow backfilled, black mulch film is covered, the matrix low in the middle of plastic mulching is formed on dressing furrow, both sides are slightly high, tension, stretching, corrugationless be close to dressing furrow is needed during plastic mulching, the degree of depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is 15cm, and is as far as possible vertically pressed in soil;
Step 5, the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions keeps off soil;
Step 6, prick the hole that 3 diameters are 5cm keeping off between two on the mulch film between native section, and three holes is evenly distributed in the mulch film section at its place;
Step 7, at the green manuring in the ranks that each row is set.
The yield comparison result in technology orchard if following table 1 is the fertilizer adopted for continuous 3 years in orchard in the present invention, water, film integrated technique and existing independent fertilising:
Table 1
As can be seen from above table 1, " integration of fertilizer, water, the film " technology adopted in utilization the present invention can recover rapidly the tree vigo(u)r in orchard, 3 annuals volume increase 61%.
In In The Arid Areas On The Loess Plateau, liquid manure combines with plastic mulching measure and is conducive to the accumulation of orchard nutrient, Tree growth can also be promoted simultaneously, increase orchard output, improve fruit quality, cover grass with " integration of fertilizer, water, film " and sward and combine effect better, namely under tree, cover unregistered land film, irrigation under film, stalk, in the ranks planting forage grass is laid before overlay film.
The present invention is a kind of improves orchard fertilizer, the feature of method of water use efficiency is, fertilizer, water, film integrated technique is have employed in the present invention, achieve the rich water enrichment of fruit tree rhizosphere soil local, fruit tree Rhizosphere environment can be improved, reduce the generation of root rot and effectively improve rich water utilization ratio, training strong tree body.Mulch film becomes matrix under laying, and can effectively collect rainfall and promote rainwater infiltration, and watering before coordinating overlay film to increase supplementing soil moisture, prevents deep carbonate rocks from occurring exhausting phenomenon, reduces soil structure and harden, maintain good soil aggregate.Stalks mulching, green manure, weeds or other organic substance is coordinated in the ranks after orchard is carried out " integration of fertilizer, water, film ", improve soil organic substance content, there is the effect of culture fertility and soil moisture conservation, add absorbing of the tree various nutritive element of body, trunk infusion substance accumulation is increased, thus the collaborative yield and quality improving fruit.This simple technical method, draws materials easily, small investment, instant effect, saving of work and time, easy to utilize.
Claims (8)
1. improve a method for orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1, opens dressing furrow;
Step 2, applies fertilizer in the ditch that step 1 is opened;
Step 3, irrigates in the ditch executing overfertilization in step 2;
Step 4, the ditch upper cover mulch film after irrigating in step 3;
Step 5, segmentation gear soil on the mulch film that step 4 is built;
Step 6: in steps of 5 hole pricked by the good native mulch film of gear;
Step 7, at the green manuring in the ranks that each row is set.
2. a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the detailed process that described step 1 opens dressing furrow is:
Along the row of tree to opening dressing furrow under tree crown, ditch depth 20 ~ 30cm, furrow width 30 ~ 50cm.
3. a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 2, institute's fertilise comprises farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer; Contain the fruit tree phase, mu executes farmyard manure 2000 ~ 3000kg, and mu amounts to nitrogen 20 ~ 30kg, phosphorus 15 ~ 20kg, potassium 20 ~ 25kg to fertilize.
4. a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the detailed process of irrigating in described step 3 is:
Fill with natural pond liquid, natural pond slag in the ditch executing overfertilization in described step 2, the irrigation volume in the other corresponding ditch of every strain fruit tree is 25 ~ 50kg.
5. a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the detailed process of irrigating in described step 3 is:
Pour water in the ditch executing overfertilization in described step 2, the irrigation quantity in the other corresponding ditch of every strain fruit tree is 90 ~ 120kg.
6. a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step 4, the detailed process of epiphragma is:
Step 4.1, is backfilling into lower than 5 ~ 10cm place, ground by the dressing furrow after irrigating in described step 3;
Step 4.2, covering with plastic film on the dressing furrow after backfill, the matrix low in the middle of plastic mulching is formed on dressing furrow, both sides are high, the degree of depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is not less than 5cm.
7. a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: gear soil process concrete in described step 5 is:
The mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions keeps off soil.
8. a kind of method improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the detailed process of pricking hole in described step 6 is:
Prick hole keeping off between two on the mulch film between native section, the quantity of pricking hole is 1 ~ 3, and pore size is 3 ~ 5cm.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN105638357A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-06-08 | 王虎琴 | Tea garden free of weeding and plowing |
| CN106701094A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-24 | 广西南宁科茂企业信息咨询有限公司 | Soil improving type microbial agent and application thereof |
| CN107047214A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-08-18 | 鲁甸县浩丰苹果专业合作社 | Apple orchard sward trench digging collected manure implantation methods |
| CN108496501A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of short anvil apple-planting rhizosphere rich water abundance zone construction method in nonirrigated farmland |
| CN108781683A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-13 | 昭通绿健果蔬商贸有限公司 | A kind of intensive laborsaving cultural method of apple rich water |
| CN109673439A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-04-26 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of regulation method of water and fertilizer coupling to rice yield and growth form |
| CN110521369A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-03 | 云南省林业科学院漾濞核桃研究院 | A kind of liquid manure one water-saving irrigation method for walnut |
| CN111837557A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Fertilizing method for managing dry land orchard based on ditch fertilizer water storage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109673439A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-04-26 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of regulation method of water and fertilizer coupling to rice yield and growth form |
| CN109673439B (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2021-01-29 | 华中农业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling rice yield and growth traits through water and fertilizer coupling |
| CN110521369A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-03 | 云南省林业科学院漾濞核桃研究院 | A kind of liquid manure one water-saving irrigation method for walnut |
| CN111837557A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Fertilizing method for managing dry land orchard based on ditch fertilizer water storage |
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