CN110235865A - Facilities and method for combining horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm culture - Google Patents
Facilities and method for combining horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm culture Download PDFInfo
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- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 241001233061 earthworms Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000009368 vermiculture Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
- A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/30—Rearing or breeding invertebrates
- A01K67/33—Earthworms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的设施和方法，首先进行以三层阶梯状结构进行整地，并用黑色地膜覆盖垄和畦，在畦面将干燥处理饲料化的牛粪堆成长条形蚯蚓养殖床，上方用稻草帘子或黑色遮阳网覆盖。用可调控滴头的双向滴灌方式，对园艺作物和蚯蚓养殖床分别进行滴灌和加湿处理，从而起到了园艺作物栽培灌溉，蚯蚓养殖及有机肥生产的作用，同时蚯蚓粪由于灌溉雨淋等原因产生的渗出营养液是园艺作物生长所需的的有机液体肥料，也起到了增施有机肥的作用，将灌溉、养殖、肥料生产及施肥四项工作结合一起，提高工作效益，实现生态循环理念，将粪污资源化利用，有效保护生态环境，符合生态绿色的发展要求。
The invention relates to a facility and a method for combining horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm breeding. Firstly, soil preparation is carried out in a three-layer ladder structure, and the ridges and furrows are covered with black plastic film, and the dried and fed cow dung is piled up in strips on the furrow surface. The earthworm breeding bed is covered with straw curtains or black sunshade nets. Using the two-way drip irrigation method with adjustable emitters, the horticultural crops and the earthworm breeding bed are respectively drip-irrigated and humidified, thus playing the role of horticultural crop cultivation irrigation, earthworm breeding and organic fertilizer production. The oozing nutrient solution produced is the organic liquid fertilizer required for the growth of horticultural crops, and also plays the role of increasing the application of organic fertilizer. It combines irrigation, breeding, fertilizer production and fertilization to improve work efficiency and realize ecological cycle. The concept is to utilize manure as a resource, effectively protect the ecological environment, and meet the requirements of ecological green development.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及种养结合技术领域，尤其涉及一种高效园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的方法和生物质有机肥的生产。The invention relates to the technical field of combination of planting and breeding, in particular to a method for combining high-efficiency horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm cultivation and the production of biomass organic fertilizer.
背景技术：Background technique:
近年来，随着国家对生态农业的大力倡导，种养结合生态循环利用的理念越来越契合农业未来的发展方向，用饲料化的牛粪喂养蚯蚓不仅能大量繁殖新的蚯蚓，还能生产蚯蚓粪作为有机肥，由于蚯蚓粪具有团粒结构，可改善土壤结构，防止土壤板结，具有大量生物质腐殖酸，能够修复受重金属污染的土壤。将滴灌技术与地膜覆盖相结合运用于蚯蚓养殖上，能够起到控制蚯蚓养殖场的湿度，同时防止蚯蚓直接下钻到土壤里，便于之后的采集和分离。地膜覆盖在园艺作物栽培中，具有高效的保水、保肥、保墒的特点。在生产过程中，如果直接在园艺作物周围不加设施直接养殖蚯蚓，会对园艺作物的应激大，园艺作物初期生长会受影响，同时不方便蚯蚓的采集和蚯蚓粪的分离，不具备高效性综合循环的特性。In recent years, with the country's vigorous advocacy of ecological agriculture, the concept of combining planting and breeding with ecological recycling is more and more in line with the future development direction of agriculture. Feeding earthworms with feed-based cow dung can not only reproduce a large number of new earthworms, but also produce As an organic fertilizer, vermicompost can improve soil structure and prevent soil compaction due to its aggregate structure. It has a large amount of biomass humic acid and can repair soil polluted by heavy metals. The combination of drip irrigation technology and plastic film mulching is applied to earthworm breeding, which can control the humidity of the earthworm farm and prevent earthworms from drilling directly into the soil, which is convenient for subsequent collection and separation. In the cultivation of horticultural crops, plastic film covering has the characteristics of efficient water retention, fertilizer retention and moisture retention. In the production process, if earthworms are cultivated directly around the horticultural crops without additional facilities, the stress on the horticultural crops will be great, and the initial growth of the horticultural crops will be affected. At the same time, it is inconvenient to collect earthworms and separate the vermicompost, which is not efficient. Characteristics of the sexual synthesis cycle.
发明内容：Invention content:
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种高效园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的设施和方法，其能够同时满足灌溉施肥、蚯蚓养殖、有机肥生产三者的需要，具有较高的经济效益和生态效益。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a facility and method for combining high-efficiency horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm culture, which can simultaneously meet the needs of irrigation and fertilization, earthworm culture, and organic fertilizer production, and has higher economic benefits and ecological benefits. benefit.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
本发明园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的设施，其特征在于：包括自上而下呈三层阶梯状结构垄、畦和沟，所述垄和畦上覆盖有地膜，在垄上种植有穿出地膜的园艺作物，在畦的地膜上设有蚯蚓养殖床，蚯蚓养殖床内养殖有蚯蚓，所述园艺作物和蚯蚓养殖床上设有滴灌，所述蚯蚓养殖床与垄上的土壤之间设有输送养料的通道。The facility combining horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm culture of the present invention is characterized in that: it includes ridges, furrows and ditches in a three-layer ladder-like structure from top to bottom, and the ridges and furrows are covered with plastic film, and the ridges and furrows are covered with plastic film. For horticultural crops with plastic film, an earthworm breeding bed is provided on the plastic film of the furrow, and earthworms are cultivated in the earthworm breeding bed. The horticultural crops and the earthworm breeding bed are provided with drip irrigation, and the earthworm breeding bed and the soil on the ridge are provided with channels for feeding nutrients.
进一步的，上述蚯蚓养殖床包括由牛粪饲料堆成15cm高的长堆和铺设在长堆上的稻草帘或黑色遮阳网。Further, the above-mentioned earthworm breeding bed comprises a long pile of 15 cm high made of cow dung feed and a straw curtain or a black sunshade net laid on the long pile.
进一步的，上述通道为PVC塑料导管。Further, the above-mentioned channel is a PVC plastic conduit.
进一步的，上述PVC塑料导管靠近蚯蚓养殖床的一端设有前置滤网，靠近垄的一端布设有孔洞。Further, the above-mentioned PVC plastic conduit is provided with a pre-filter at one end close to the earthworm breeding bed, and a hole is arranged at the end close to the ridge.
进一步的，上述三层阶梯状结构，以畦面为基准，垄高20cm、宽0.5m，畦宽0.3m，畦面向垄面倾斜10~20°角，沟深10cm、宽0.2m。Furthermore, the above-mentioned three-layer stepped structure is based on the furrow surface, with a ridge height of 20cm, a width of 0.5m, and a furrow width of 0.3m.
进一步的，上述滴灌为双向交叉的滴灌，且具有可调控开关及滴量的滴头。Further, the above-mentioned drip irrigation is two-way cross drip irrigation, and has a dripper with adjustable switch and drop volume.
进一步的，上述蚯蚓养殖床是间断式的，蚯蚓养殖床长度在1~2m，两个相邻蚯蚓养殖床之间空0.5~1m长的位置，该位置用于更新蚯蚓养殖床底料，转移蚯蚓及分离蚯蚓粪。Further, the above-mentioned earthworm breeding bed is intermittent, the length of the earthworm breeding bed is 1-2m, and there is a 0.5-1m long position between two adjacent earthworm breeding beds, which is used to update the bottom material of the earthworm breeding bed, transfer Earthworms and separated vermicompost.
本明园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：The method for combining horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm culture of the present invention is characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:
（1）整地、挖出垄、畦、沟的三层阶梯状结构，以及垄的右侧面和畦面；(1) Soil preparation, excavation of the three-layer stepped structure of ridges, furrows, and ditches, as well as the right side of the ridge and the furrow surface;
（2）将地膜覆盖垄和畦上，沟不用地膜覆盖；(2) Cover the ridges and furrows with plastic film, and do not cover the trenches with plastic film;
（3）将牛粪堆成长堆状，形成养殖蚯蚓的蚯蚓养殖床，并在上面覆盖稻草帘或黑色遮阳网；(3) Pile cow dung into a pile to form an earthworm breeding bed for earthworms, and cover it with straw curtains or black sunshade nets;
（4）采用交叉双向滴灌，一向朝垄上的园艺作物进行滴灌，一侧朝畦面蚯蚓养殖床进行滴灌。(4) Cross-directional two-way drip irrigation is adopted, drip irrigation is carried out towards the horticultural crops on the ridge all the time, and drip irrigation is performed towards the earthworm breeding bed on the side of the ridge.
进一步的，在种植园艺作物水平位置对应的凹槽的地膜上，以园艺作物和凹槽垂直的点为中点，在该中点位置用3厘米直径40厘米长PVC塑料导流管穿过黑膜，PVC塑料导流管先插入土里的那端为封闭端，PVC塑料管在近封闭端处有均匀的孔洞，近开口端10cm的部分无孔洞，该孔用于蚯蚓粪渗出液作为有机液体肥料透过前置滤网从PVC塑料管渗入，供应园艺作物生长所需的养分。Further, on the plastic film of the groove corresponding to the horizontal position of planting horticultural crops, take the vertical point between the horticultural crops and the groove as the midpoint, and use a 3 cm diameter and 40 cm long PVC plastic diversion pipe to pass through the black hole at the midpoint position. The end of the PVC plastic diversion pipe that is first inserted into the soil is the closed end. The PVC plastic pipe has uniform holes near the closed end, and the part 10cm near the open end has no holes. This hole is used for vermicompost exudate as Organic liquid fertilizer infiltrates from the PVC plastic pipe through the pre-filter to supply the nutrients needed for the growth of horticultural crops.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
（1）本发明在于能够使园艺作物种植、蚯蚓养殖、蚯蚓粪有机肥生产同时进行，实现真正的高效，增加单位面积的土地经济效益；种植因有机液体肥地施加而提高了品质获得更大的价值增长，而蚯蚓养殖的所收货的蚯蚓用于特种养殖，可大大增加收益；(1) The present invention is capable of simultaneously carrying out horticultural crop planting, vermiculture, and vermicompost organic fertilizer production to achieve real high efficiency and increase land economic benefits per unit area; the quality of planting is improved due to the application of organic liquid fertilizer to obtain greater The value of earthworm farming increases, and the earthworms received by earthworm farming are used for special breeding, which can greatly increase the income;
（2）产生的有机肥用来还田，可以有效改良土壤；(2) The organic fertilizer produced is used to return to the field, which can effectively improve the soil;
（3）本发明所用的牛粪原料来源广泛，该模式可推广应用；(3) The cow dung raw material used in the present invention has a wide range of sources, and this mode can be popularized and applied;
（4）蚯蚓粪经加湿渗出渗出液，渗出液作为有机液体肥通过PVC导管向植物根系附近精准施肥。(4) After the vermicompost is humidified, the exudate is exuded, and the exudate is used as an organic liquid fertilizer to precisely fertilize the vicinity of the plant root system through the PVC conduit.
本发明园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的设施和方法，首先进行以三层阶梯状结构进行整地，并用黑色地膜覆盖垄和畦，在畦面将干燥处理饲料化的牛粪堆成长条形蚯蚓养殖床，上方用稻草帘子或黑色遮阳网覆盖。用可调控滴头的双向滴灌方式，对园艺作物和蚯蚓养殖床分别进行滴灌和加湿处理，从而起到了园艺作物栽培灌溉，蚯蚓养殖及有机肥生产的作用，同时蚯蚓粪由于灌溉雨淋等原因产生的渗出营养液是园艺作物生长所需的的有机液体肥料，也起到了增施有机肥的作用，将灌溉、养殖、肥料生产及施肥四项工作结合一起，提高工作效益，实现生态循环理念，将粪污资源化利用，有效保护生态环境，并且有机种植的园艺作物作物品质更高，符合生态绿色的发展要求。The facility and method of the combination of horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm breeding in the present invention, firstly carry out the land preparation with a three-layer ladder structure, and cover the ridges and furrows with black plastic film, and pile the dried cow dung into long strips of earthworms on the furrow surface Breeding beds covered with straw curtains or black shade nets. Using the two-way drip irrigation method with adjustable emitters, the horticultural crops and the earthworm breeding bed are respectively drip-irrigated and humidified, thus playing the role of horticultural crop cultivation irrigation, earthworm breeding and organic fertilizer production. The oozing nutrient solution produced is the organic liquid fertilizer required for the growth of horticultural crops, and also plays the role of increasing the application of organic fertilizer. It combines irrigation, breeding, fertilizer production and fertilization to improve work efficiency and realize ecological cycle. The idea is to use manure as a resource to effectively protect the ecological environment, and the quality of organically grown horticultural crops is higher, which meets the requirements of ecological green development.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
本发明园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的设施包括自上而下呈三层阶梯状结构垄1、畦2和沟3，所述垄1和畦2上覆盖有地膜5，该地膜5延伸至沟3的边缘，但未覆盖，在垄1上种植有穿出地膜的园艺作物10，园艺作物10可以是花卉、树苗等植株，在畦2的地膜上设有蚯蚓养殖床6，蚯蚓养殖床6内养殖有蚯蚓11，所述园艺作物10和蚯蚓养殖床6上设有滴灌8，所述蚯蚓养殖床6与垄1上的土壤之间设有输送养料的通道，该通道可以是管道或是可渗水的海绵等。The facility combining horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm culture of the present invention comprises a three-layer stepped structure ridge 1, furrow 2 and ditch 3 from top to bottom, and the ridge 1 and furrow 2 are covered with plastic film 5, and the plastic film 5 extends to The edge of the ditch 3, but not covered, is planted with the horticultural crops 10 that pass through the mulch film on the ridge 1, the horticultural crops 10 can be plants such as flowers, saplings, and the mulch film of the furrow 2 is provided with an earthworm breeding bed 6, an earthworm breeding bed Earthworms 11 are cultivated in 6, drip irrigation 8 is provided on the horticultural crops 10 and the earthworm breeding bed 6, and a channel for delivering nutrients is provided between the earthworm breeding bed 6 and the soil on the ridge 1, and the channel can be a pipeline or It is a water-permeable sponge or the like.
进一步的，为了设计合理，养殖效果好，上述蚯蚓养殖床6包括由牛粪饲料堆成15cm高的长堆和铺设在长堆上的稻草帘或黑色遮阳网7个，该牛粪饲料预先利用干燥法对牛粪饲料化处理，牛粪饲料还可堆置成其它形态。Further, in order to design rationally, breeding effect is good, above-mentioned earthworm culture bed 6 comprises the long pile that is piled up into 15cm high by cow dung feed and 7 straw curtains or black sunshade nets that are laid on the long pile, and this cow dung feed utilizes in advance The drying method treats the cow dung as a feed, and the cow dung feed can also be stacked into other forms.
进一步的，为了取材方便，上述通道为PVC塑料导管9。Further, for the convenience of obtaining materials, the above-mentioned channel is a PVC plastic conduit 9 .
进一步的，为了原料供给良好，上述PVC塑料导管9靠近蚯蚓养殖床6的一端设有前置滤网4，靠近垄1的一端布设有孔洞，在蚯蚓养殖床6中随着滴定，产生蚯蚓粪渗出液，该些蚯蚓粪渗出液通过前置滤网4过滤去除一些杂质，进入PVC塑料导管9，而后从孔洞渗出到垄1中的土中。Further, for the good supply of raw materials, the above-mentioned PVC plastic conduit 9 is provided with a pre-filter 4 near one end of the vermiculture bed 6, and is provided with holes near one end of the ridge 1, and with titration in the vermiculture bed 6, vermicompost is produced. The exudate, these vermicompost exudates are filtered through the pre-filter 4 to remove some impurities, enter the PVC plastic conduit 9, and then seep into the soil in the ridge 1 from the holes.
进一步的，为了设计合理，上述三层阶梯状结构，以畦面为基准，垄1高20cm、宽0.5m，畦2宽0.3m，畦面向垄面倾斜10~20°角，沟3深10cm、宽0.2m。Further, in order to design rationally, the above-mentioned three-layer stepped structure is based on the furrow surface. Ridge 1 is 20cm high and 0.5m wide, and furrow 2 is 0.3m wide. , 0.2m wide.
进一步的，为了方便控制，上述滴灌8为双向交叉的滴灌，且具有可调控开关及滴量的滴头。Further, for the convenience of control, the above-mentioned drip irrigation 8 is a two-way cross drip irrigation, and has a dripper with adjustable switch and drip volume.
进一步的，为了设计合理、方便制作，上述蚯蚓养殖床6是间断式的，蚯蚓养殖床6长度在1~2m，两个相邻蚯蚓养殖床6之间空0.5~1m长的位置，该位置用于更新蚯蚓养殖床底料，转移蚯蚓及分离蚯蚓粪。Further, for reasonable design and convenient manufacture, the above-mentioned earthworm breeding bed 6 is intermittent, the length of the earthworm breeding bed 6 is 1-2m, and the space between two adjacent earthworm breeding beds 6 is 0.5-1m long. It is used to update the bottom material of earthworm breeding bed, transfer earthworms and separate vermicompost.
本明园艺作物栽培和蚯蚓养殖相结合的方法，具体包括以下步骤：The method for combining horticultural crop cultivation and earthworm culture of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
1、整地、挖出垄1、畦2、沟3的三层阶梯状结构，以及垄1的右侧面和畦面；1. Site preparation, excavation of the three-layer ladder-like structure of ridge 1, furrow 2, and ditch 3, as well as the right side and furrow surface of ridge 1;
2、将地膜5覆盖垄1和畦2上，沟3不用地膜覆盖；2. Cover the ridge 1 and the furrow 2 with plastic film 5, and not cover the trench 3 with plastic film;
3、将牛粪堆成长堆状，形成养殖蚯蚓的蚯蚓养殖床6，并在上面覆盖稻草帘或黑色遮阳网7；3. Cow dung is piled up into a heap shape to form an earthworm breeding bed 6 for cultivating earthworms, and covered with straw curtains or black sunshade nets 7;
4、采用交叉双向滴灌8，一向朝垄4上的园艺作物进行滴灌，一侧朝畦面蚯蚓养殖床进行滴灌5。4. Adopt cross-directional two-way drip irrigation 8, drip irrigation is performed towards the horticultural crops on the ridge 4 all the time, and drip irrigation 5 is performed towards the earthworm breeding bed on the side of the ridge.
进一步的，在种植园艺作物水平位置对应的凹槽4的地膜5上，以园艺作物和凹槽垂直的点为中点，在该中点位置用3厘米直径40厘米长PVC塑料导流管9穿过黑膜，PVC塑料导流管9先插入土里的那端为封闭端，PVC塑料管在近封闭端处有均匀的孔洞，近开口端10cm的部分无孔洞，该孔用于蚯蚓粪渗出液作为有机液体肥料透过前置滤网4从PVC塑料管渗入，供应园艺作物生11长所需的养分。Further, on the plastic film 5 of the groove 4 corresponding to the horizontal position of planting horticultural crops, take the vertical point of the horticultural crops and the groove as the midpoint, and use a PVC plastic guide pipe 9 with a diameter of 3 cm and a length of 40 cm at the midpoint position. Through the black film, the end of the PVC plastic diversion pipe 9 inserted into the soil is the closed end. The PVC plastic pipe has uniform holes near the closed end, and the part of 10 cm near the open end has no holes. This hole is used for vermicompost. The exudate seeps through the pre-filter 4 from the PVC plastic pipe as an organic liquid fertilizer to supply the nutrients needed for the growth of horticultural crops 11 .
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明在于能够使园艺作物种植、蚯蚓养殖、蚯蚓粪有机肥生产同时进行，实现真正的高效，增加单位面积的土地经济效益；种植因有机液体肥地施加而提高了品质获得更大的价值增长，而蚯蚓养殖的所收货的蚯蚓用于特种养殖，可大大增加收益；1. The present invention is able to make horticultural crop planting, vermiculture, and vermicompost organic fertilizer production simultaneously, realize real high efficiency, and increase the land economic benefit per unit area; planting improves the quality and obtains greater yield due to the application of organic liquid fertilizer. The value increases, and the earthworms received by earthworm farming are used for special breeding, which can greatly increase the income;
2、产生的有机肥用来还田，可以有效改良土壤；2. The organic fertilizer produced is used to return to the field, which can effectively improve the soil;
3、本发明所用的牛粪原料来源广泛，该模式可推广应用；3, the used cow dung raw material source of the present invention is extensive, and this mode can be popularized and applied;
4、蚯蚓粪经加湿渗出渗出液，渗出液作为有机液体肥通过PVC导管向植物根系附近精准施肥。4. Vermicompost exudates exudate after humidification, and the exudate is used as organic liquid fertilizer to precisely fertilize near the plant root system through PVC conduit.
本发明将种养方式的特点结合起来，通过畦面一定的斜坡，使得蚯蚓粪渗出液自然沿着斜面，通过地膜上的孔洞渗入园艺作物的根部周围，植物营养液的方式更利于园艺作物吸收；种植的滴灌和蚯蚓养殖的养殖床加湿相结合，提高工作效率；蚯蚓养殖床置于地膜之上，并在养殖床上覆盖稻草，阴凉环境且有地膜限制蚯蚓向下的活动范围，使得蚯蚓更加聚集，能提高牛粪生物分解效率；PVC塑料导管的前置滤网把渗出液过滤掉部分滤渣，防止塑料导管管口堵塞。The present invention combines the characteristics of planting and breeding methods, and through a certain slope on the furrow surface, the vermicompost exudate naturally follows the slope and penetrates into the roots of horticultural crops through the holes on the plastic film, and the way of plant nutrient solution is more beneficial to horticultural crops Absorption; the combination of drip irrigation for planting and humidification of the breeding bed for earthworm breeding improves work efficiency; the earthworm breeding bed is placed on the mulch, and the breeding bed is covered with straw. More aggregation can improve the efficiency of cow dung biodecomposition; the pre-filter of the PVC plastic conduit filters out part of the filter residue from the exudate to prevent the nozzle of the plastic conduit from clogging.
以上通过实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应仍归属本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。The present invention has been described in detail through the above examples, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and cannot be considered as limiting the implementation scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the application scope of the present invention should still belong to the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.
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