CN104509360A - Method for improving survival rate of salt-tolerant oilseed rape in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for improving survival rate of salt-tolerant oilseed rape in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104509360A CN104509360A CN201410787228.XA CN201410787228A CN104509360A CN 104509360 A CN104509360 A CN 104509360A CN 201410787228 A CN201410787228 A CN 201410787228A CN 104509360 A CN104509360 A CN 104509360A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving survival rate of salt-tolerant oilseed rape in saline-alkali soil. The method is characterized in that a seeding bed is properly raised according to the underwater level and saline alkaline degree of the saline-alkali soil; salt is discharged through an open trench along with water; the variety of salt-tolerant oilseed rape is selected; then bio-organic fertilizer is applied. The method is a method for cultivating crops in the saline-alkali soil, and is simple to operate, low in cost, and easy to be popularized; the seeding bed is raised to drain water timely, so that the salt discharging efficiency can be increased, and an ecological environment suitable for plant living is created.. With the adoption of the method, the survival rate of the salt-tolerant oilseed rape in severe saline-alkali soil (containing 0.5 to 0.8% of salt content) is effectively improved and is more than 95%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop genetics field, saline land, particularly a kind of method improving saline land salt tolerant rape survival rate.
Background technology
Saline land refers to that those salt contents are high, and pH is greater than 9, is difficult to the soil of growing plant especially crops.According to contained salinity and alkali divide number, also can be further divided into slight (0.1% ~ 0.25%), moderate (0.25% ~ 0.5%) and heavy salinized (0.5% ~ 0.6%).Formation many-sided coefficient result often in saline land.If soil itself, containing more mineral matter, just easily becomes the source of saline and alkaline gathering after these mineral matter weathering.Groundwater effect is also very large, always with salinity in underground water.When groundwater level is higher, this area is comparatively arid, underground water can evaporate because of the effect of capillarity, and salinity just remains among soil, supplements if can not get enough moisture, and the soil of this area just can become saline land.If soil is loamy texture composition, it is faster, highly higher that underground water rises.Sandy soil and clay are then slower.In the area that summer rainfall is more, salinity can be poured deep soil or flow into rainwash by a large amount of precipitation.At this moment there will be seasonal desalination.If soil is positioned at the relatively high low laying areas of subterranean water level, the salt ground water of surrounding also can be caused to assemble and salinization of soil to this place.Manpower impact can cause the salinization of soil equally, and such as in the agrarian area adopting flood irrigation, the rising of subterranean water level can cause salinization of soil.This process is called secondary salinization.The minimizing of surface vegetation can make water evaporation rate rise, and also easily produces saline Land, and therefore overcut, overgraze are also the inducements causing secondary salinization.Salinity in salt affected soil is very serious to the injury of the root system of plant, and the root system of plant is subject to after salt poisons, the bad and early ageing of root system development.In alkaline land soil, salinity is many, soil table normal adularescent salt alkali precipitation, ventilation, permeable bad, root system of plant often has poisoning, rotten, the phenomena of mortality, can not be absorbed, cause the negative effect of the low output of high investment even if dropped into a large amount of fertilizer by crops.
Saline-alkali soil area due to salt content higher, be mostly barren land, utilize saline land long-term cropping, not only can improve saline-alkali soil, eliminate salt damage, also can bring more land under cultivation, promote agricultural production.But in varieties in saline-alkali areas because salt accumulation in soil is too much, root system of plant absorbs moisture, nutrient is very difficult, destroy normal water metabolism in plant corpus, cause physiological phenomenon arid, present wilting phenomenon or growth stopping, even dead, bring sizable difficulty to saline land agricultural production." salt damage " problem on saline land that how to solve is when the difficult problem of forward swing in face of numerous scientific workers, is also saline land agricultural production " bottleneck ".
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency for existing saline land crop cultivating technology, a kind of method improving saline land salt tolerant rape survival rate is provided.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
Improve a method for saline land salt tolerant rape survival rate, comprise the following steps: according to Underground Water in Salinization Area position and saline and alkaline degree sowing face raised 5 ?30cm, open drain is salt discharge downstream, selects the rape variety of Salt And Alkali Tolerance, and applies biological organic fertilizer.
Described raises sowing face according to subterranean water level and saline and alkaline degree, the concrete grammar of open drain salt discharge is downstream preferred: alkaline land soil is made face, railway carriage or compartment, longitudinally excavate drain ditch, spacing between ditch and ditch axis be 250 ?400cm, the degree of depth in drain ditch be 40 ?50cm, ridge is done again in the face, railway carriage or compartment in every railway carriage or compartment, face, ridge is high be 15 ?20cm, ridge face width be 25 ?35cm; On ridge, shallow cut pitting, puts into sideling by the root of Salt And Alkali Tolerance Brassica campestris L seedling, with small clod by the slightly compacting of Brassica campestris L seedling collar place, root soil or soil block is left unlocked or unlatched and covers, transplanted on ridge by Brassica campestris L seedling.
The rape variety of described Salt And Alkali Tolerance is No. 1, southern salt oil.
Described biological organic fertilizer is preferably made up of the raw material of following weight portion: waste edible fungus gurry 25 ?50 weight portions, fowl and animal excrement 20 ?40 weight portions, organic materials leavening 0.5 ?8 weight portions, microbiological active material 5 ?12 weight portions; Its preparation method is: mix with fowl and animal excrement after being pulverized by waste edible fungus gurry, then organic materials leavening is added, mix aerobic fermentation 20 ?30 days, fermentation temperature be 55 ?80 DEG C, after the material fermented and bioactivator are mixed in proportion, pulverize and dry, obtain described biological organic fertilizer.
The bacterium chaff obtained after described waste edible fungus gurry preferably cultivates flat mushroom, phoenix-tail mushroom; The bacterium chaff obtained after preferred straw, straw or corn cob fiber material cultivate flat mushroom, phoenix-tail mushroom further.
Described organic materials leavening is selected from by any one or the multiple pulvis formed in saccharomycete, bacillus or filamentous fungi, the effective active bacterium number >=0.50 hundred million/g in described organic materials leavening.Described saccharomycete preferably has the pichia farinose (Pichia farinosa) of phosphorus decomposing effect, bacillus preferably has the gemma phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium) of phosphorus decomposing effect and has the gemma potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginosus) of potassium decomposing effect, and filamentous fungi preferably has the Neuraspora crassa (Neurospora crassa) of metabolism solid cellulose and hemicellulose.Described saccharomycete is the preferred pichia farinose bacterium purchased from Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center (Pichia farinosa) ACCC20025 further, described gemma phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is the preferred bacillus megaterium purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center (Bacillusmegaterium) CICC21694 further, and described gemma potassium solubilizing bacteria is the preferred bacillusmusilaginosiengineering purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center (Bacillus mucilaginosus) CICC23640 further; Described Neuraspora crassa is preferred purchased from China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center further, and bacterium numbering is AS3.1602.Organic materials leavening of the present invention screens the demand of nutrient in process of growth for the concrete physico-chemical property in saline land and rape, the source of wherein each bacterial strain is not limited to the above-mentioned source provided, as long as possess the pichia farinose of above-mentioned functions, gemma phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, gemma potassium solubilizing bacteria, Neuraspora crassa be all applicable to the present invention.The method described bacterial classification being made pulvis is the preparation method of the conventional bacterial classification pulvis of this area.
Described microbial active ingredients is made up of the glucose of the serine of the inositol of the p-aminobenzoic acid of the nicotinic acid of 1 ?5 weight portion, 2 ?6 weight portions, 3 ?5 weight portions, 2 ?6 weight portions, the vitamin B1 of 1 ?2 weight portion, the vitamin B2 of 1 ?2 weight portion and 80 ?90 weight portions.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the present invention is saline land crop genetics method, simple to operate, with low cost, is easy to promote.
2, the present invention is by raising sowing face, can arrive draining timely, improves salt discharge efficiency, forms the ecotope of suitable for plant survival.
3, the present invention can improve soil physical property by applying saline land bio-organic fertilizer special, increase soil aggregate, salt affected soil is loosened, reduce salt affected soil to harden, be conducive to water conservation, fertilizer conservation, ventilation and promotion plant root system development, nutritive element is complete simultaneously, and fertilizer efficiency is lasting, can reach the object of increasing both production and income.
Adopt this invention effectively to improve heavy salinizedly the survival rate of (salt content 0.5% ~ 0.8%) salt tolerant rape, reach more than 95%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Plow layer (0 ?20cm) salt content is made face, railway carriage or compartment in the saline land of 0.5% ~ 0.8%, longitudinally excavate drain ditch, spacing between ditch and ditch axis is 300cm, the degree of depth in drain ditch is 45cm, ridge is done again in the face, railway carriage or compartment in every railway carriage or compartment, face, ridge height is 15cm, ridge face width is 25cm, with hoe shallow cut pitting on ridge, the root of southern salt oil No. 1 Brassica campestris L seedling is put into sideling, with small clod by the slightly compacting of Brassica campestris L seedling collar place, root soil or soil block are left unlocked or unlatched and cover, Brassica campestris L seedling is transplanted on ridge.Bio-organic fertilizer special used is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: waste edible fungus gurry 26 weight portion, fowl and animal excrement 25 weight portion, organic materials leavening 2 weight portion, microbiological active material 8 weight portion.Described waste edible fungus gurry is the nutritious bacterium chaff obtained after the fibrous materials such as straw, straw or corncob cultivate flat mushroom, phoenix-tail mushroom.Described organic materials leavening is formed by mass mixings such as pichia farinose bacterium (Pichia farinosa) ACCC20025 pulvis, bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmegaterium) CICC21694 pulvis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) CICC23640 pulvis and Neuraspora crassa AS3.1602 pulvis, wherein effective active bacterium number >=0.50 hundred million/g.Microbial active ingredients is made up of the glucose of the serine of the inositol of the p-aminobenzoic acid of the nicotinic acid of 2 weight portions, 3 weight portions, 4 weight portions, 5 weight portions, the vitamin B1 of 2 weight portions, the vitamin B2 of 1 weight portion and 85 weight portions.Mix with fowl and animal excrement after waste edible fungus gurry is pulverized, then add organic materials leavening, mix, aerobic fermentation 25 days, fermentation temperature is 70 DEG C, after the material fermented and bioactivator being mixed in proportion, pulverize and dry, obtain biological organic fertilizer.Adopt this method effectively to improve heavy salinizedly the survival rate of (salt content 0.5% ~ 0.8%) salt tolerant rape, reach 98%, southern salt oil No. 1 rape seed per mu yield reaches 320 jin.
Embodiment 2:
Plow layer (0 ?20cm) salt content is made face, railway carriage or compartment in the saline land of 0.5% ~ 0.8%, longitudinally excavate drain ditch, spacing between ditch and ditch axis is 400cm, the degree of depth in drain ditch is 45cm, ridge is done again in the face, railway carriage or compartment in every railway carriage or compartment, face, ridge height is 15cm, ridge face width is 30cm, with hoe shallow cut pitting on ridge, the root of southern salt oil No. 1 Brassica campestris L seedling is put into sideling, with small clod by the slightly compacting of Brassica campestris L seedling collar place, root soil or soil block are left unlocked or unlatched and cover, Brassica campestris L seedling is transplanted on ridge.Bio-organic fertilizer special used is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: waste edible fungus gurry 35 weight portion, fowl and animal excrement 25 weight portion, organic materials leavening 6 weight portion, microbiological active material 10 weight portion.Described waste edible fungus gurry is the nutritious bacterium chaff obtained after the fibrous materials such as straw, straw or corncob cultivate flat mushroom, phoenix-tail mushroom.Described organic materials leavening is preferably from including in saccharomycete, bacillus, filamentous fungi or actinomycetes any one or multiple pulvis, described organic materials leavening is mixed by 1:2:2:1 mass ratio by pichia farinose bacterium (Pichia farinosa) ACCC20025 pulvis, bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) CICC21694 pulvis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillusmucilaginosus) CICC23640 pulvis and Neuraspora crassa AS3.1602 pulvis, wherein effective active bacterium number >=0.50 hundred million/g.Microbial active ingredients is made up of the glucose of the serine of the inositol of the p-aminobenzoic acid of the nicotinic acid of 3 weight portions, 4 weight portions, 3 weight portions, 2 weight portions, the vitamin B1 of 2 weight portions, the vitamin B2 of 1 weight portion and 81 weight portions.Mix with fowl and animal excrement after waste edible fungus gurry is pulverized, then add organic materials leavening, mix aerobic fermentation 30 days, fermentation temperature is 72 DEG C, after the material fermented and bioactivator are mixed in proportion, pulverize and dry, obtain described biological organic fertilizer.Adopt this method effectively to improve heavy salinizedly the survival rate of (salt content 0.5% ~ 0.8%) salt tolerant rape, reach 98.5%, southern salt oil No. 1 rape seed per mu yield reaches 354 jin.
Embodiment 3:
Plow layer (0 ?20cm) salt content is made face, railway carriage or compartment in the saline land of 0.5% ~ 0.8%, longitudinally excavate drain ditch, spacing between ditch and ditch axis is 300cm, the degree of depth in drain ditch is 50cm, ridge is done again in the face, railway carriage or compartment in every railway carriage or compartment, face, ridge height is 20cm, ridge face width is 25cm, with hoe shallow cut pitting on ridge, the root of southern salt oil No. 1 Brassica campestris L seedling is put into sideling, with small clod by the slightly compacting of Brassica campestris L seedling collar place, root soil or soil block are left unlocked or unlatched and cover, Brassica campestris L seedling is transplanted on ridge.The saline alkali tolerant plant kind selected is No. 1, southern salt oil, and bio-organic fertilizer special used is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: waste edible fungus gurry 35 weight portion, fowl and animal excrement 30 weight portion, organic materials leavening 6 weight portion, microbiological active material 10 weight portion.Described waste edible fungus gurry is the nutritious bacterium chaff obtained after the fibrous materials such as straw, straw or corncob cultivate flat mushroom, phoenix-tail mushroom.Described organic materials leavening is mixed by 6:1:3 mass ratio by pichia farinose bacterium (Pichia farinosa) ACCC20025 pulvis, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) CICC23640 pulvis and Neuraspora crassa AS3.1602 pulvis, wherein effective active bacterium number >=0.50 hundred million/g.Microbial active ingredients is made up of the glucose of the serine of the inositol of the p-aminobenzoic acid of the nicotinic acid of 5 weight portions, 6 weight portions, 5 weight portions, 5 weight portions, the vitamin B1 of 1 weight portion, the vitamin B2 of 1 weight portion and 90 weight portions.Mix with fowl and animal excrement after waste edible fungus gurry is pulverized, then add organic materials leavening, mix high-temperature aerobic fermentation 20 days, fermentation temperature is 78 DEG C, after the material fermented and bioactivator are mixed in proportion, pulverize and dry, obtain described biological organic fertilizer.Adopt this method effectively to improve heavy salinizedly the survival rate of (salt content 0.5% ~ 0.8%) salt tolerant rape, reach 99%, southern salt oil No. 1 rape seed per mu yield reaches 370 jin.
Embodiment 4:
Plow layer (0 ?20cm) salt content is made face, railway carriage or compartment in the saline land of 0.5% ~ 0.8%, longitudinally excavate drain ditch, the spacing between ditch and ditch is 300cm, and the degree of depth in drain ditch is 10cm, ridge is done again in the face, railway carriage or compartment in every railway carriage or compartment, face, ridge height is 8cm, and ridge face width is 15cm, with hoe shallow cut pitting on ridge, the root of salt tolerant Brassica campestris L seedling is put into sideling, with small clod by the slightly compacting of Brassica campestris L seedling collar place, root soil or soil block are left unlocked or unlatched and cover, Brassica campestris L seedling is transplanted on ridge.The saline alkali tolerant plant kind selected is No. 1, southern salt oil.Adopt this method in the survival rate only about 40% of heavy salinized (salt content 0.5% ~ 0.8%) salt tolerant rape, southern salt oil No. 1 rape seed per mu yield only about 150 jin.
The daily rich water quality management etc. of method as the preparation of bacterial strain pulvis, rape for describing in detail or do not describe in above embodiment is the common practise of this area, and common method of the prior art can be adopted to realize.
Claims (8)
1. improve a method for saline land salt tolerant rape survival rate, it is characterized in that, according to Underground Water in Salinization Area position and saline and alkaline degree, 5-30cm is raised in sowing face, open drain is salt discharge downstream, selects the rape variety of Salt And Alkali Tolerance, and applies biological organic fertilizer.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described being raised in sowing face according to subterranean water level and saline and alkaline degree, the concrete grammar of open drain salt discharge is downstream: saline land is made face, railway carriage or compartment, longitudinally excavate drain ditch, spacing between ditch and ditch axis is 250-400cm, and the degree of depth in drain ditch is 40-50cm, and ridge is done again in the face, railway carriage or compartment in every railway carriage or compartment, face, ridge height is 15-20cm, and ridge face width is 25-35cm; On ridge, shallow cut pitting, puts into sideling by the root of Salt And Alkali Tolerance Brassica campestris L seedling, with small clod by the slightly compacting of Brassica campestris L seedling collar place, root soil or soil block is left unlocked or unlatched and covers, transplanted on ridge by Brassica campestris L seedling.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the rape variety of described Salt And Alkali Tolerance is No. 1, southern salt oil.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described biological organic fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: waste edible fungus gurry 25-50 weight portion, fowl and animal excrement 20-40 weight portion, organic materials leavening 0.5-8 weight portion, microbiological active material 5-12 weight portion; Its preparation method is: mix with fowl and animal excrement after being pulverized by waste edible fungus gurry, then organic materials leavening is added, mix aerobic fermentation 20-30 days, fermentation temperature is 55-80 DEG C, after the material fermented and bioactivator are mixed in proportion, pulverize and dry, obtain described biological organic fertilizer.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that described waste edible fungus gurry is the bacterium chaff obtained after cultivating flat mushroom, phoenix-tail mushroom; Described organic materials leavening is selected from by any one or the multiple pulvis formed in saccharomycete, bacillus or filamentous fungi, the effective active bacterium number >=0.50 hundred million/g in described organic materials leavening; Described microbial active ingredients is made up of the glucose of the serine of the inositol of the p-aminobenzoic acid of the nicotinic acid of 1-5 weight portion, 2-6 weight portion, 3-5 weight portion, 2-6 weight portion, the vitamin B1 of 1-2 weight portion, the vitamin B2 of 1-2 weight portion and 80-90 weight portion.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that described waste edible fungus gurry is straw, bacterium chaff that straw or corn cob fiber material obtain after cultivating flat mushroom, phoenix-tail mushroom.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described saccharomycete is the pichia farinose (Pichia farinosa) with phosphorus decomposing effect, bacillus is have the gemma phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillusmegaterium) of phosphorus decomposing effect and have the gemma potassium solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginosus) of potassium decomposing effect, and filamentous fungi is the Neuraspora crassa (Neurospora crassa) with metabolism solid cellulose and hemicellulose.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described saccharomycete is pichia farinose bacterium (Pichia farinosa) ACCC20025 purchased from Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, described gemma phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) CICC21694 purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, and described gemma potassium solubilizing bacteria is bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaginosus) CICC23640 purchased from Chinese industrial Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center; Described Neuraspora crassa is purchased from China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center, and bacterium numbering is AS3.1602.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN105103837A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Interplanting method of suaeda glauca bge and oilseed rape in saline-alkali soil |
| CN105152811A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-16 | 山东宝源生物有限公司 | Biofertilizer for improving saline and alkaline lands and preparation method and application of biofertilizer |
| CN106034956A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-10-26 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting and transplanting nerium indicum at saline alkali land |
| CN106171583A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-07 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of 5 hydroxytryptamines are alleviating the application that Brassica campestris L salt damage is coerced |
| CN106180175A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 董晓 | A kind of method planting Brassica campestris L restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal |
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| CN109554312A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-02 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of Facultative Halophiles QM, forest seedling growth matrix and preparation method comprising Facultative Halophiles QM |
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