CN108822859B - Composite soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, preparation and conditioning method - Google Patents

Composite soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, preparation and conditioning method Download PDF

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CN108822859B
CN108822859B CN201810557070.5A CN201810557070A CN108822859B CN 108822859 B CN108822859 B CN 108822859B CN 201810557070 A CN201810557070 A CN 201810557070A CN 108822859 B CN108822859 B CN 108822859B
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soil
organic material
straw
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bacillus subtilis
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CN108822859A (en
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张晴雯
晏清洪
高佩玲
潘英华
张志军
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Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculturem of CAAS
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Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculturem of CAAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners, and particularly relates to a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, and a preparation method and a conditioning method thereof. The compound soil conditioner comprises an organic material and straw compound agent which are used in a matching way; the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of biogas slurry, 500-800 parts of distiller's grains, 5-15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5-15 parts of plant lactobacillus liquid; the straw composite agent is prepared from straws and yeast. The conditioning method comprises the steps of paving organic materials for the first time, fermenting, decomposing and ploughing; laying straw composite agent and laying material for the second time, fermenting, decomposing and ploughing. The method can effectively improve the content of organic matters in the soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, improve the hardening condition of the soil and promote the growth of plants.

Description

Composite soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, preparation and conditioning method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners, and particularly relates to a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, and a preparation method and a conditioning method thereof.
Background
Salinization of soil is also called soil salinization, and refers to a process in which salt in the bottom layer of soil or underground water rises to the surface along with capillary water, and after water is evaporated, salt is accumulated in surface soil. The soluble salt of the saline-alkali soil mainly comprises sulfate, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate and the like of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other elements. Soil salinization is the result of the combined action of natural factors and artificial activities. Due to the increase of soil salinization, the nutritional function, self-purification function, buffering function and supporting function of organisms of the soil are gradually lost, and the growth of vegetation and crops is seriously influenced.
At present, the improvement mode of saline-alkali soil mainly comprises the application of organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers and the like, the principle is that the physicochemical property of the soil is improved through acid-base neutralization, in addition, the organic fertilizers can promote the formation of soil aggregates through decomposing microorganisms and forming humus, the soil structure is changed, and the ventilation and water permeability of the soil are improved. Although the organic fertilizer is used for improving the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil improvement technology is not mature, and the saline-alkali soil improvement is a complex process, and the demand for the organic fertilizer is large and the effect is slow only by depending on chemical substances, mineral substances and microorganisms in the organic fertilizer. Moreover, the preparation of the organic fertilizer mainly utilizes microorganisms to decompose crop straws and animal wastes or ferment the crop straws and the animal wastes to prepare biogas slurry at present, the preparation time is long, and the long-term use of the organic fertilizer in large quantities is not a long-standing reason.
In addition, the vinasse is one of the wine brewing byproducts and contains rich crude protein, microorganisms, various trace elements and the like. Due to the development of the brewing industry in China, a large amount of vinasse is produced every year, and if the vinasse is not utilized, the vinasse is greatly wasted. If the vinasse can be used for improving the saline-alkali soil, not only can the brewing by-products be utilized to avoid resource waste, but also a new way can be developed for the improvement of the saline-alkali soil.
In summary, the prior art has the problems that the consumption of organic fertilizer is too large when the organic fertilizer is used for improving soil, and if the production speed of the organic fertilizer cannot meet the requirement, the improvement efficiency is affected, and a new method capable of improving the saline-alkali soil by using vinasse needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, a preparation method and a conditioning method, develops a new compound soil conditioner and a new soil conditioning method, and can effectively improve the content of organic matters in soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, improve the soil hardening condition and promote the growth of plants.
The invention provides a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises an organic material and straw compound agent which are used in a matching way;
the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of biogas slurry, 500-800 parts of distiller's grains, 5-15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5-15 parts of plant lactobacillus liquid; and the number of effective live bacteria in the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid is 108On the order of one/ml;
the straw complexing agent is prepared by the following method: crushing crop straws into straw sections; and (3) crushing the Daqu to obtain Daqu powder, and then uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain the straw complexing agent.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of organic Material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of biogas slurry, 500-800 parts of distiller's grains, 5-15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5-15 parts of plant lactobacillus liquid; uniformly stirring the weighed biogas slurry, the distiller's grains, the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid to obtain an organic material;
s2, preparing straw complexing agent
Crushing crop straws into straw sections with the length of 0.5-2 cm; crushing Daqu, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing straw segments and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain a straw complexing agent;
the organic material and the straw complexing agent are stored separately for later use.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a method for conditioning soil by using the composite soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, paving a layer of organic material with the thickness of 0.5-2cm on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil, ploughing the soil, covering a mulching film, and removing the mulching film after 2-3 days to obtain first-time treated soil;
secondly, paving a straw complexing agent on the surface of the soil treated for the first time, then paving an organic material on the straw complexing agent, finally covering the straw complexing agent with a mulching film, uncovering the film after 5-7 days, and turning over to obtain soil treated for the second time, so as to finish soil conditioning; in the second step, the laying thickness of the straw composite agent is 0.5-2cm, and the laying thickness of the organic material is 0.5-3 cm.
Preferably, the method for conditioning the soil by using the compound soil conditioner further comprises a soil sterilization step, namely, after the membrane is uncovered in the second step, the soil is exposed for 2-3 days or a bactericide is scattered for soil sterilization, and then the soil is ploughed.
Preferably, the method for conditioning the soil by using the compound soil conditioner comprises the following steps of firstly, turning the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm; the plowing depth of the plowed land in the second step is 15-20 cm.
Preferably, the method for conditioning soil by using the compound soil conditioner comprises the second step of paving organic materials in a land block, wherein the paving width of the organic material block is 80-100cm, and the paving length is 2-5 m; the interval between adjacent organic material blocks is 5-10cm, the mulching film only covers the organic material, and irrigation is carried out through the interval between the adjacent organic material blocks.
Preferably, the method for conditioning the soil by using the compound soil conditioner irrigates water, biogas slurry or rooting solution during irrigation.
Preferably, the method for conditioning soil by using the compound soil conditioner comprises the following steps: adjusting the pH value of the brewing by-product yellow water to be neutral, and sterilizing to obtain the rooting solution.
Compared with the prior art, the compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, the preparation method and the conditioning method have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the composite soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is characterized in that biogas slurry, vinasse, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, straws and yeast are matched for use, other raw materials except the straws contain rich microorganisms, and particularly the biogas slurry, the vinasse and the yeast contain rich microbial communities, so that the organic matter content in soil can be increased; the plant growth can be effectively promoted after the plant absorption and utilization; biogas slurry, vinasse and lactobacillus plantarum can reduce the pH of the soil. A new method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the vinasse is developed, and a new way for increasing the utilization of the vinasse and the yeast is provided.
(2) The invention also develops a new soil conditioning mode, a layer of organic material is paved firstly, ploughing is carried out, organic matters in the vinasse are degraded, the metabolism of microorganisms improves the soil environment, and the mulching film has the functions of water retention and heat preservation; then laying straw composite agent and organic material in the second step, wherein the straw composite agent is not decomposed straw, and is arranged between the upper layer of organic material and the lower layer of organic material, so that the content of organic matters in soil can be effectively improved, and the straw decomposition time is shortened. The organic materials on the uppermost layer are paved in blocks, and a space is reserved between the adjacent organic materials to form criss-cross water flow passages, so that watering and irrigation are facilitated. The yellow water as the wine brewing by-product can greatly promote the growth of plants after the pH value is adjusted to be neutral.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the organic material paving in plots in example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Test methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.
In the following examples and experiments, the bacillus subtilis strain is bacillus subtilis ACCC 10619, the lactobacillus plantarum strain is lactobacillus plantarum ACCC 11016, and both strains can be collected from the China center for agricultural microbial culture collection. The bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid are subjected to amplification culture according to a conventional method, and the number of effective viable bacteria in the two liquid is more than or equal to 108Per ml; the Daqu is prepared from high-temperature Daqu, medium-temperature Daqu and medium-temperature Daqu for brewing white spirit, and can be prepared from Shandong Liangshan Shengyuan biological koji-making company, Inc. The crop straws are corn straws. It should be noted that the biogas slurry of the present invention can be any biogas slurry obtained by fermentation of straws, animal wastes, etc. in the prior art. The biogas slurry used in the following examples and experiments was sourced from the same source.
The invention provides a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises an organic material and straw complexing agent which are used in a matching way;
the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of biogas slurry, 500-800 parts of distiller's grains, 5-15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5-15 parts of plant lactobacillus liquid;
the straw complexing agent is prepared by the following method: crushing crop straws into straw sections; and (3) crushing the Daqu to obtain Daqu powder, and then uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain the straw complexing agent.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a method for conditioning soil by using the composite soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, paving a layer of organic material with the thickness of 0.5-2cm on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil, ploughing the soil, covering a mulching film, and removing the mulching film after 2-3 days to obtain first-time treated soil;
secondly, paving a straw complexing agent on the surface of the soil treated for the first time, then paving an organic material on the straw complexing agent, finally covering the straw complexing agent with a mulching film, uncovering the film after 5-7 days, and turning over to obtain soil treated for the second time, so as to finish soil conditioning; in the second step, the laying thickness of the straw composite agent is 0.5-2cm, and the laying thickness of the organic material is 0.5-3 cm.
Preferably, the invention provides a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following embodiments.
Example 1
A compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil comprises organic materials and straw compound agent; the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of biogas slurry, 500 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid; the straw complexing agent is prepared by the following method: crushing crop straws into straw sections; crushing Daqu (high-temperature Daqu) to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain the straw complexing agent. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of organic Material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of biogas slurry, 500 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid; uniformly stirring the weighed biogas slurry, the distiller's grains, the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid to obtain an organic material;
s2, preparing straw complexing agent
Crushing crop straws into straw sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm; crushing Daqu (high-temperature Daqu), sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain a straw complexing agent;
the organic material and the straw complexing agent are stored separately for later use.
Example 2
A compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil comprises organic materials and straw compound agent; the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of biogas slurry, 700 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid; the straw complexing agent is prepared by the following method: crushing crop straws into straw sections; crushing Daqu (high-temperature Daqu) to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain the straw complexing agent. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of organic Material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of biogas slurry, 700 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid; uniformly stirring the weighed biogas slurry, the distiller's grains, the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid to obtain an organic material;
s2, preparing straw complexing agent
Crushing crop straws into straw sections with the length of 1-2 cm; crushing Daqu (high-temperature Daqu), sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain a straw complexing agent;
the organic material and the straw complexing agent are stored separately for later use.
Example 3
A compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil comprises organic materials and straw compound agent; the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of biogas slurry, 800 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 15 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid; the straw complexing agent is prepared by the following method: crushing crop straws into straw sections; crushing Daqu (high-temperature Daqu) to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain the straw complexing agent. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation of organic Material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of biogas slurry, 800 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 15 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid; uniformly stirring the weighed biogas slurry, the distiller's grains, the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid to obtain an organic material;
s2, preparing straw complexing agent
Crushing crop straws into straw sections with the length of 0.5-1 cm; crushing Daqu (high-temperature Daqu), sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing the straw sections and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain a straw complexing agent;
the organic material and the straw complexing agent are stored separately for later use.
Example 4
A method of conditioning soil using the compound soil conditioner of example 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, paving a layer of organic material with the thickness of 2cm on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil, ploughing the soil, covering a mulching film, and removing the mulching film after 2 days to obtain first-time treated soil;
secondly, paving a straw complexing agent on the surface of the soil treated for the first time, then paving an organic material on the straw complexing agent, finally covering with a mulching film, uncovering the mulching film after 7 days, turning over, wherein the turning depth is 15cm, so as to obtain soil treated for the second time, and finishing soil conditioning; in the second step, the laying thickness of the straw composite agent is 2cm, and the laying thickness of the organic material is 3 cm.
It should be noted that sufficient water for emergence is irrigated after planting according to the soil water content.
Example 5
A method of conditioning soil using the compound soil conditioner of example 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, paving a layer of organic material with the thickness of 0.5cm on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil, ploughing the soil, covering a mulching film, and removing the mulching film after 3 days to obtain first-time treated soil;
secondly, paving a straw complexing agent on the surface of the soil treated for the first time, paving an organic material on the straw complexing agent, covering with a mulching film, uncovering the mulching film after 5 days, sterilizing the soil after uncovering the mulching film, and then ploughing with the ploughing depth of 20cm to obtain soil treated for the second time, thereby finishing soil conditioning; in the second step, the laying thickness of the straw composite agent is 0.5cm, and the laying thickness of the organic material is 0.5 cm.
Wherein, the soil sterilization is to expose and sun for 2 days or expose and sun for 3 days after the membrane is uncovered in the second step or to spread a bactericide for soil sterilization, and then plowing is carried out. Since the remaining soil conditioning steps are the same as in example 4, they are not repeated herein. The soil sterilization step is performed under the condition that the soil is polluted by plant diseases and insect pests, and the soil sterilization step is not needed if the soil is not polluted by the plant diseases and insect pests.
Example 6
A method of conditioning soil using the compound soil conditioner of example 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, paving a layer of organic material with the thickness of 2cm on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil, ploughing the soil, covering a mulching film, and removing the mulching film after 2 days to obtain first-time treated soil;
secondly, paving a straw compound agent on the surface of the soil treated for the first time, then paving an organic material on the straw compound agent, finally covering with a mulching film, uncovering the film after 7 days, turning over, wherein the turning depth is 15cm, so as to obtain soil treated for the second time, and finishing soil conditioning; wherein the laying thickness of the straw composite agent is 2cm, and the laying thickness of the organic material is 3 cm. The organic material is paved in time-division land blocks, each organic material block is paved with the width of 80cm and the length of 2m, the interval between adjacent organic material blocks is 10cm, the organic material is similar to the organic material ridge, the mulching film covers the organic material, and the organic material is irrigated through the interval between the adjacent organic material blocks. The map of laying organic materials in a plot is shown in figure 1. In the figure 1, the gray area is an organic material laying area, the circle area is a water flow channel and is also a spacer area of adjacent organic soil, liquid can be distributed into the soil along two sides of the channel and underground, and even if mulching films are covered, the penetration of the liquid is not influenced.
Wherein, water, biogas slurry or rooting solution is irrigated during irrigation. Since the remaining soil conditioning steps are the same as in example 5, they are not repeated herein.
The rooting solution is prepared according to the following method: adjusting the pH of the yellow water of the brewing by-product to be neutral, boiling and sterilizing for 20min to obtain the rooting solution.
Example 7
A method of conditioning soil using the compound soil conditioner of example 1, substantially similar to example 5, except that: and paving the plots when organic materials are paved in the second step, wherein each organic material block is paved with the width of 100cm and the length of 5m, the interval between the adjacent organic material blocks is 5cm, the organic material ridges are similar to those of the organic material ridges, and the mulching film covers the organic materials and irrigates through the interval between the adjacent organic material blocks.
In the following, we provide some data to illustrate the effect of the compound soil conditioner and conditioning method for improving saline-alkali soil of the present invention.
Soil improvement effect of different soil conditioner formulas
Formula 1: the formula of the embodiment 1 is adopted, the preparation method is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the organic materials and the straw compound agent are mixed according to the weight portion ratio of 2:1, and then the mixture is applied to a selected saline-alkali soil test field in the form of base fertilizer, and half mu of corn, half mu of wheat, half mu of pasture (artemisia selengensis community) and half mu of Chinese cabbage are respectively planted in the test field.
And (2) formula: 50 parts of biogas slurry, 500 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid. The preparation method is the same as the preparation method of the organic material in the example 1, after the conditioner in the formula 2 is prepared, the conditioner is applied to a selected saline-alkali soil test field in the form of a base fertilizer, and half mu of corn, half mu of pasture (artemisia Miliacea community) and half mu of Chinese cabbage are planted in the test field respectively.
And (3) formula: comprises organic materials and straws; the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of biogas slurry, 500 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum liquid. After mixing the organic materials and the straws according to the weight ratio of 2:1, applying the mixture to a selected saline-alkali soil test field in the form of a base fertilizer, and planting half mu of corn, half mu of wheat, half mu of pasture (artemisia selengensis community) and half mu of Chinese cabbage in the test field respectively.
A blank control was also set without any conditioning agent.
The conditioners with different formulas were tested for the dry weight of the root system and the plant height when the corn was ripe, the height increase of the forage grass after half a month, and the plant height after the chinese cabbage was ripe. In addition, soil for planting corn is taken as a research object, the organic matter content and the soil pH of the blank control group and the soil after the conditioner is applied in the form of base fertilizer when the corn is mature are measured, and the application amount of the conditioner is 10 kg/mu when the soil element is measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 soil improvement Effect of different soil conditioner formulations
Figure BDA0001682719420000121
The results in table 1 show that different conditioner formulations have different soil improvement effects, and the effect of the formulation 1 (i.e., the example 1) is the best, mainly the formulation 1 combines biogas slurry, vinasse, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus plantarum, straws and yeast for making hard liquor, and the other raw materials except straws contain microorganisms, especially the biogas slurry, the vinasse and the yeast for making hard liquor contain abundant microbial communities, and the metabolism of the microorganisms can not only improve the hardened soil, but also degrade the vinasse and the straws, so that organic matters in the vinasse and the straws are absorbed by the soil, and the organic matter content in the soil is increased; the plant growth can be effectively promoted after the plant absorption and utilization; biogas slurry, vinasse and lactobacillus plantarum can reduce the pH of the soil.
Soil improvement effect of different conditioning modes
Conditioning method 1: the formulation of example 1 was used, the procedure was the same as in example 1, and the conditioning was the same as in example 4. And watering enough seedling emergence water after planting.
Conditioning method 2: the formulation of example 1 was used, prepared in the same manner as in example 1 and conditioned in the same manner as in example 6. The irrigation is water, and the seedling emergence water is sufficiently irrigated after planting.
Conditioning method 3: the formulation of example 1 was used, prepared in the same manner as in example 1 and conditioned in the same manner as in example 6. The irrigation is the biogas slurry, the irrigation is carried out after the biogas slurry is diluted by 2000 times, and the irrigation amount is the same as the irrigation amount of the seedling emergence water after the planting.
Conditioning method 4: the formulation of example 1 was used, prepared in the same manner as in example 1 and conditioned in the same manner as in example 6. The rooting liquid is used for irrigation, and the irrigation amount of the rooting liquid is the same as that of seedling emergence water after planting. The rooting solution is a 35ppm gibberellin solution.
Conditioning method 5: the formulation of example 1 was used, prepared in the same manner as in example 1 and conditioned in the same manner as in example 6. The rooting liquid is used for irrigation, and the irrigation amount of the rooting liquid is the same as that of seedling emergence water after planting. The rooting solution is prepared according to the following method: adjusting the pH of the yellow water of the brewing by-product to be neutral, boiling and sterilizing for 20min to obtain a rooting solution, and diluting 2000 times for application.
Conditioning method 6: the formulation of example 1 was used, prepared in the same manner as in example 1 and conditioned in the same manner as in example 6. The rooting liquid is used for irrigation, and the irrigation amount of the rooting liquid is the same as that of seedling emergence water after planting. The rooting solution is prepared according to the following method: boiling and sterilizing the yellow water which is a wine brewing by-product for 20min to obtain a rooting solution, and diluting the rooting solution by 2000 times for application.
Conditioning method 7: the formula of the embodiment 1 is adopted, the preparation method is the same as the embodiment 1, the organic materials and the straw complexing agent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and the mixture is applied to a selected saline-alkali soil test field in the form of a base fertilizer. The conditioner was applied in the same amount as the total amount of conditioner used in Condition 1.
A blank control was also set without any conditioning agent.
1 mu of corn, 1 mu of pasture (artemisia selengensis community) and 1 mu of Chinese cabbage are planted in the test field respectively. The height of the mature corn plants, the height increment of the forage grass after half a month and the height of the mature Chinese cabbage plants by different conditioning methods are tested. In addition, soil for planting Chinese cabbages is taken as a research object, and the organic matter content and the soil pH value of the blank control group, the soil after the conditioner is applied and the soil when the Chinese cabbages are mature are measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 improvement of soil by different conditioning methods
Figure BDA0001682719420000141
In the above test, the application of the base fertilizer means to turn over 15cm after applying the conditioner, and then to plant the crops or other vegetation.
The results in table 2 show that different conditioning modes have different effects, and compared with a blank control group, the conditioning mode 7 adopts a conventional method, the conditioner is directly ploughed after being used, the time for degrading straws and the like by using microorganisms is not remained, the propagation time of the microorganisms is not remained, the growth is effectively promoted, the soil hardening condition is improved, and the soil pH is reduced, but the effect is not better than that of other modes. The conditioning mode 1 is that a layer of organic material is laid firstly, ploughing is carried out, organic matters in the vinasse are degraded under the action of microorganisms, the metabolism of the microorganisms improves the soil environment, and the mulching film has the functions of water retention and heat preservation; then laying straw complexing agent and organic material in the second step, wherein the straw complexing agent is not decomposed straw, and is between the upper layer and the lower layer of organic material, after 7 days of decomposition and degradation, the content of organic matters in the soil can be effectively improved, and the time is greatly shortened compared with the conventional composting straw decomposition mode.
In addition, the organic materials on the uppermost layer are laid in blocks in a conditioning mode 2 and the like, a space is reserved between the mulching film and the straw layer, and a space is reserved between the adjacent organic materials, so that criss-cross water flow passages are formed, and watering and irrigation are facilitated. The conditioning modes 3-6 are respectively irrigating different solutions, the biogas slurry contains a lot of organic matters although diluted, and can be used by crops, and after the pH value of the brewing by-product yellow water is adjusted to be neutral, the effect of improving the soil is best, and the growth of plants can be greatly promoted.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to a numerical range, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (5)

1. The application of the combination of bacillus subtilis ACCC 10619, plant lactic acid bacteria ACCC 11016 and Daqu in preparing the compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising organic materials and straw complexing agent which are used in a matching way; the organic material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of biogas slurry, 500-800 parts of distiller's grains, 5-15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5-15 parts of plant lactobacillus liquid; and the number of effective live bacteria in the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid is 108On the order of one/ml;
the compound soil conditioner is prepared by the following method:
s1 preparation of organic Material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of biogas slurry, 500-800 parts of distiller's grains, 5-15 parts of bacillus subtilis liquid and 5-15 parts of plant lactobacillus liquid; uniformly stirring the weighed biogas slurry, the distiller's grains, the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid to obtain an organic material;
s2, preparing straw complexing agent
Crushing crop straws into straw sections with the length of 0.5-2 cm; crushing Daqu, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain Daqu powder, and uniformly mixing straw segments and the Daqu powder according to the mass ratio of 1000:3 to obtain a straw complexing agent;
the organic material and the straw complexing agent are stored separately for standby;
the method for conditioning the soil by using the composite soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
firstly, paving a layer of organic material with the thickness of 0.5-2cm on the soil surface of the saline-alkali soil, ploughing the soil, covering a mulching film, and removing the mulching film after 2-3 days to obtain first-time treated soil;
secondly, paving a straw complexing agent on the surface of the soil treated for the first time, then paving an organic material on the straw complexing agent, finally covering the straw complexing agent with a mulching film, uncovering the film after 5-7 days, and turning over to obtain soil treated for the second time, so as to finish soil conditioning; in the second step, the laying thickness of the straw composite agent is 0.5-2cm, and the laying thickness of the organic material is 0.5-3 cm;
paving the organic material blocks in time, wherein the paving width of the organic material blocks is 80-100cm, and the length of the organic material blocks is 2-5 m; the interval between adjacent organic material blocks is 5-10cm, the mulching film only covers the organic material, and irrigation is carried out through the interval between the adjacent organic material blocks.
2. The use of the combination of bacillus subtilis ACCC 10619, plant lactic acid bacteria ACCC 11016 and Daqu in preparing a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a soil sterilization step of exposing to the sun for 2-3 days after membrane uncovering or spreading a bactericide for soil sterilization and then plowing.
3. The use of the combination of bacillus subtilis ACCC 10619, plant lactic acid bacteria ACCC 11016 and daqu in the preparation of a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the first step, the plowing depth of the plowed land is 10-15 cm; the plowing depth of the plowed land in the second step is 15-20 cm.
4. The use of the combination of bacillus subtilis ACCC 10619, plant lactic acid bacteria ACCC 11016 and daqu in preparing a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein water, biogas slurry or rooting solution is irrigated during irrigation.
5. The use of the combination of bacillus subtilis ACCC 10619, plant lactic acid bacteria ACCC 11016 and daqu in the preparation of a compound soil conditioner for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein the rooting solution is prepared according to the following method: adjusting the pH value of the brewing by-product yellow water to be neutral, and sterilizing to obtain the rooting solution.
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