CN101147448A - Water-saving planting corn method by using furrow sowing and furrow irrigation technique - Google Patents
Water-saving planting corn method by using furrow sowing and furrow irrigation technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN101147448A CN101147448A CNA2007101852297A CN200710185229A CN101147448A CN 101147448 A CN101147448 A CN 101147448A CN A2007101852297 A CNA2007101852297 A CN A2007101852297A CN 200710185229 A CN200710185229 A CN 200710185229A CN 101147448 A CN101147448 A CN 101147448A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural crops planting technology, in particular, it relates to a method for planting maize by adopting sowing in furrow and furrow irrigation technique to attain the goal of saving water. Said method includes the following steps: excavating furrow whose longitudinal section is made into trapezoidal form on the field surface, the adjacent longitudinal sections are trapezoidal furrow-spaced parallelly arranged, the furrow depth is 5-7cm, bottom width is 7.5-10cm and upper edge width is 13-16cm; its sowing zone is positioned in inner one side of furrow bottom and is identical to the opening direction of furrow, and another side of furrow bottom, space between furrow bottom and sowing zone is 5-7cm, is fertilizer application zone, the fertilizer is applied in the fertilizer application zone interior and in 4-6cm position under the horizontal level of sown seeds; in the stage of maize seedling emergence and its growth development and when the irrigation is required, the water can be flowed into furrow interior.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting, be meant the method that adopts trench sowing, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn especially.
Background technology
The northern area of China has many resource lack of water zones, it is to cause crop production reduction, replant and water for industrial use is limited and influence the bottleneck of sustainable economic development that water resource lacks, therefore, using water wisely is the eternal theme with the agricultural water that accounts for water resources quantity 70%.
Surface irrigation is traditional corn irrigation method always, and after the eighties in 20th century, irrigation method that some are new such as horizontal furrow (ditch) filling, surge flow irrigation, long furrow segmentation filling etc. are used to corn and irrigate, and water-saving result has had large increase.
One, surge flow irrigation
Surge flow irrigation began to be studied by domestic scholars in the later stage eighties in last century.Its basic principle is: with irrigation advance intermittently, rather than resemble and once make the traditional irrigation irrigation advance be advanced to the afterbody of ditch, promptly the process of pouring water of each ditch (embanked field) is not by once, but is divided into twice or repeatedly finishes.Rise and fall has appearred rising several times in surge flow irrigation in the water movement process does, in this process, the smooth effect of current makes soil surface form compacted zone, infiltration rate and field face roughness all reduce greatly, when the face of current were irrigated through last time field, fltting speed is significantly accelerated, irrigate with traditional ditch, border irrigation and to compare, under identical duty, surge flow irrigation can increase propelling length greatly, problems such as the surface irrigation uniformity of irrigation water appilcation is poor, field deep percolation are solved preferably, are particularly useful for the long situation of corn ditch furrow.The 10%-40% that generally can economize on water, and hardware investment is few, is a kind of up-and-coming water-saving irrigation method.
Two, spray, drip irrigation
It is strong and improve the characteristics of field microclimate that sprinkling irrigation has an emptying effectiveness height, landform adaptability, and can match with agricultural measures such as spray medicine, weedings, and water saving, effect of increasing production are good.Particularly suitable to water resource deficiency, area that water penetration is strong.Generally speaking, the sprinkling irrigation 20%-30% that can economize on water, volume increase 10%-20%, but the pressure height that sprinkling irrigation needs, it is more to consume energy, and cost height, operational and administrative expenses are big, are difficult to large-area applications.
Drip irrigation is to utilize water dropper or other little hydrophones that the water source is delivered directly to crop root, the uniformity of irrigation water appilcation height, and can combine with fertilising, dispenser, be the irrigation technique of economizing on water most at present.Its shortcoming and sprinkling irrigation are basic identical, and it is less to use area.
Three, irrigation on plastic membrance
Mainly use in NORTHWEST CHINA arid, semiarid zone.Different with general irrigation method is, irrigation on plastic membrance is by the mulch film water delivery, and by putting the root system that corn is gone into to be seeped in the seedling hole.Because the mulch film resistance to water-flow is little, the speed of pouring water is fast, and deep percolation is few, and mulch film can reduce between evaporation, water-saving result is remarkable, compares with conventional the irrigation, irrigation on plastic membrance water saving amplitude can reach 50%, but that large tracts of land adopts is difficult.
Four, ware is irritated
In Xinjiang, the water-saving irrigation technique that do not have the hillside fields of irrigation conditions to adopt such as Shandong and Jiangsu.It is to utilize the water storage of unglazed potter's clay jar that ware is irritated, and jar is embedded in the soil, and a jar mouth is lower than the field face, ties with lid with holes or plastic foil usually, to prevent water evaporates in the jar.Water can be in jar, added, also rainfall can be collected.Water in jar is planted three to four corns by tank skin soil water supply towards periphery slowly around each jar.The only moistening local soil of this irrigation method, an evaporation and a deep percolation between having reduced, water-saving result is very remarkable, but troublesome poeration also has certain influence to farming activities.
Ningxia also has a kind of corn water-saving irrigation method, utilizes sprayer and the special hollow pipe that can insert soil, and water directly is poured into corn root, is similar to underground drip irrigation.Each irrigating water quota is very low, and water-saving result is good, is applicable to the arid area of extreme lack of water, but needs by pouring water, and labour intensity is big.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technology that adopts corn trench sowing furrow irrigation, finish rotary tillage, trench digging, play operations such as the back of the body, sowing, fertilising, broadcast and only irrigate seed furrow when the back is irrigated by the agricultural machinery one-stop operation.Only irrigate the water of emerging after making corn seeding, the main corn that relies on precipitation to satisfy the growth middle and later periods in the back of emerging needs the water requirement.
Overall technical architecture of the present invention is:
Adopt the method for trench sowing, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn, comprise the steps:
A, ditching: digging on the face of land, field and establishing the longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch 3, and adjacent longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch 3 spaced and parallel settings, ditch 3 dark 5-7cm, ditch 3 bottom width 7.5-10cm, the wide 13-16cm in ditch 3 upper edges;
B, sowing, fertilising: the sowing division be positioned at 3 end one of ditch side and with ditch 3 to offer direction identical, with the sowing division at interval 3 end of the ditch opposite side of 5-7cm be fertilization area, fertilizer 2 imposes in the fertilization area and is positioned at 4-6cm under seed 4 horizontal planes of being broadcast;
C, irrigation: emerge water and growing period thereof need irrigate the time at corn seeding, water is watered in ditch 3.
Concrete steps of the present invention and condition also have:
The longitudinal section of ditch 3 is an isosceles trapezoid.
The low bank of earth between fields 1 upper surface ridging between two adjacent ditches 3, forming the longitudinal section is the bar shaped low bank of earth between fields of concavity.
Be covered in the stalk 5 after pulverizing between the adjacent ditch and the longitudinal section is the low bank of earth between fields surface of bar shaped.
The corn date of seeding is generally at 4-6 between the month, is in that temperature constantly raises this period, the little evaporation of humidity big season, also wheat irrigation water key period just.In the general time, all need behind the corn seeding to irrigate and normally to emerge.The corn growth middle and later periods is in precipitation season, the normal precipitation model year need not irrigated or supplementary irrigation once gets final product, and, do not need to pour water in a large number and can normally emerge seedling stage at corn, moreover full field is irrigated and not only be there is no need, and cause moisture large number of ground evaporation to become invalid waste, therefore, as long as satisfy the moisture requirement of emergence of corn, just can reach corn normal development requirement.
Controlled root-divided alternative irrigation (CRAI) is to propose according to the Moisture Physiological Characteristics of crop.Some scholar's research are found both at home and abroad, and crop root can perception soil moisture wane, and pass through the ABA signal to the acrial part transmission, thereby the pore of crop is opened a business, and reach the purpose that reduces transpiration water consumption.The principle of controlled root-divided alternative irrigation is: certain zone keeps dry on the horizontal or vertical section of soil, other parts then are in suitable water content levels, the root system that is in the dry soil constantly produces the ABA signal, and transport to blade-section, to reduce stomatal aperture, reduce the blade face transpiration rate, luxurious transpiration water consumption is controlled, and photosynthetic rate is unaffected substantially, even increases.The root system that is in moistening soil part then can absorb sufficient moisture, is made for the usefulness that thing grows, and avoids water stress to doing deposits yields harm.Because some root system is in the dry soil all the time, transpiration rate and between evaporate and all reduce, by alternative water-supply to dry humidification zones, can make the root system of crop different parts all obtain drought hardening, improve the absorption region and the absorbing capacity of root system, increase the drought-resistant ability and the liquid manure utilization ratio in later stage.The concrete application of root-divided alternative irrigation in corn is irrigated is the alternation of wetting and drying on the root system horizontal direction, promptly every the ditch alternate irrigation.General comparable traditional irrigation water saving 25%-35%, field experiment shows that dry matter accumulation reduces to some extent, and economic flow rate and contrast are approaching or high slightly, water use efficiency improves greatly.
If plantation spring corn or summer corn are stepped back rainy season, when corn growth really need be irrigated, irrigate along the seeding and fertilizing ditch, can reach every ditch alternate irrigation effect, and make Maize Production reach the purpose that can high yield also can economize on water.
Substantive distinguishing features that the present invention is obtained and significant technological progress are:
This trench sowing, furrow irrigation water-saving planting technology, the one, can reduce duty 40%-50%; The 2nd, when rainy season, can also accumulate rainfall in the ditch, reduce surface runoff; The 3rd, sowing can utilize soil natural heavy real in the ditch, prevents the plant lodging; The 4th, it is exposed that the coverings such as stalk after cooperation is pulverized can reduce ground, reduces evaporation from land surface.The 5th, the ditch spacing can be adjusted according to planting density; The 6th, easy with existing complete set of farm machines and tools.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing of the present invention has:
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are described further.
Embodiment 1
The overall structure of present embodiment as shown, comprising following steps:
A, ditching: digging on the face of land, field and establishing the longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch 3, and adjacent longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch 3 spaced and parallel settings, ditch 3 dark 5-7cm, ditch 3 bottom width 7.5-10cm, the wide 13-16cm in ditch 3 upper edges;
B, sowing, fertilising: the sowing division be positioned at 3 end one of ditch side and with ditch 3 to offer direction identical, with the sowing division at interval 3 end of the ditch opposite side of 5-7cm be fertilization area, fertilizer 2 imposes in the fertilization area and is positioned at 4-6cm under seed 4 horizontal planes of being broadcast;
C, irrigation: emerge water and growing period need irrigate the time at corn seeding, water is watered in ditch 3.
The longitudinal section of ditch 3 is an isosceles trapezoid.
The low bank of earth between fields 1 upper surface ridging between two adjacent ditches 3, forming the longitudinal section is the bar shaped low bank of earth between fields of concavity.
Described stalk is selected wheat straw for use.
The overall structure of present embodiment as shown, comprising following steps:
A, ditching: digging on the face of land, field and establishing the longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch 3, and adjacent longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch 3 spaced and parallel settings, ditch 3 dark 5-7cm, ditch 3 bottom width 7.5-10cm, the wide 13-16cm in ditch 3 upper edges;
B, sowing, fertilising: the sowing division be positioned at 3 end one of ditch side and with ditch 3 to offer direction identical, with the sowing division at interval 3 end of the ditch opposite side of 5-7cm be fertilization area, fertilizer 2 imposes in the fertilization area and is positioned at 4-6cm under seed 4 horizontal planes of being broadcast;
C, irrigation: emerge water and growing period thereof need irrigate the time at corn seeding, water is watered in ditch 3.
Wherein the longitudinal section of ditch 3 is an isosceles trapezoid.
Claims (6)
1. adopt the method for trench sowing, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, ditching: digging on the face of land, field and establishing the longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch (3), and adjacent longitudinal section is trapezoidal ditch (3) spaced and parallel setting, the dark 5-7cm of ditch (3), ditch (3) bottom width 7.5-10cm, ditch (3) the wide 13-16cm in upper edge;
B, sowing, fertilising: the sowing division be positioned at ditch (3) end one side and with ditch (3) to offer direction identical, with the sowing division at interval ditch (3) end opposite side of 5-7cm be fertilization area, fertilizer (2) imposes in the fertilization area and is positioned at 4-6cm under seed (4) horizontal plane of being broadcast;
C, irrigation: emerge water and growing period thereof need irrigate the time at corn seeding, water is watered in ditch (3).
2. the method for employing trench sowing according to claim 1, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn, the longitudinal section that it is characterized in that described ditch (3) is an isosceles trapezoid.
3. the method for employing trench sowing according to claim 1, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn is characterized in that the stalk (5) after pulverizing is covered in the surface of ditch (3) bottom.
4. the method for employing trench sowing according to claim 1 and 2, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn is characterized in that the low bank of earth between fields (1) the upper surface ridging between adjacent Liang Tiaogou (3), and forming the longitudinal section is the bar shaped low bank of earth between fields of concavity.
5. according to the method for claim 1,2 or 3 described employing trench sowings, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn, it is characterized in that the stalk (5) after pulverizing is covered in the low bank of earth between fields (1) surface between the adjacent ditch.
6. the method for employing trench sowing according to claim 4, ditch irrigation technology water-saving planting corn is characterized in that being covered in the stalk (5) after pulverizing between the adjacent ditch and the longitudinal section is the low bank of earth between fields surface of bar shaped.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2007101852297A CN101147448A (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2007-11-13 | Water-saving planting corn method by using furrow sowing and furrow irrigation technique |
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| CNA2007101852297A CN101147448A (en) | 2007-11-13 | 2007-11-13 | Water-saving planting corn method by using furrow sowing and furrow irrigation technique |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102227986A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for irrigating forage maize |
| CN103999660A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-27 | 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 | Planting technology of maize with high anti-disaster capacity |
| CN106305149A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 武汉生物工程学院 | Potato tomato grafted seedling production method without requirement for sealing and moisturizing |
| CN107006287A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-04 | 上海人然合现代农业生态园有限公司 | A kind of full-automatic infiltration irrigation system |
| CN108235887A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-03 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation |
| CN111758513A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-13 | 塔里木大学 | Corn planting method |
| CN114586619A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Breeding method of high-quality wheat |
-
2007
- 2007-11-13 CN CNA2007101852297A patent/CN101147448A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102227986A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for irrigating forage maize |
| CN103999660A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-27 | 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 | Planting technology of maize with high anti-disaster capacity |
| CN107006287A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-04 | 上海人然合现代农业生态园有限公司 | A kind of full-automatic infiltration irrigation system |
| CN106305149A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 武汉生物工程学院 | Potato tomato grafted seedling production method without requirement for sealing and moisturizing |
| CN108235887A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-03 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation |
| CN111758513A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-13 | 塔里木大学 | Corn planting method |
| CN114586619A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Breeding method of high-quality wheat |
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Open date: 20080326 |