CN102197726B - Method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of oasis area and planting high-quality lawn - Google Patents
Method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of oasis area and planting high-quality lawn Download PDFInfo
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- CN102197726B CN102197726B CN 201110149283 CN201110149283A CN102197726B CN 102197726 B CN102197726 B CN 102197726B CN 201110149283 CN201110149283 CN 201110149283 CN 201110149283 A CN201110149283 A CN 201110149283A CN 102197726 B CN102197726 B CN 102197726B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of an oasis area and planting a high-quality lawn, which relates to a soil improving method and the technical field of lawn planting. The method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of the oasis area and planting a high-quality lawn comprises 1 to 18 steps. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of fast desalination, no salt accumulation in the surface soil, soil fertility improvement, water conservation, high salt absorbing efficiency of plants, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline, relate to soil remodeling method and Lawn planting technology field.
Background technology
In NORTHWEST CHINA Desert Oasis area and since subterranean water level on move and the factor such as irrigation method, salinization land is more, has formed large stretch of heavy saline.Especially in recent years some industrial parks newly developed, often addressing all on the outskirts of a town the geavy salt alkaline wasteland on the ground so that Garden Greening Work is very arduous.By the whole bag of tricks such as soil moved in to improve the original, salt discharge, stifled salt, biological modifications, alkaline land improving had all been obtained certain effect in the past.But the large multi-density in lawn and the cover degree of plantation are less than normal, become level ground property poor, and maintenance costs is high, and turf quality can not guarantee.
From renovation dynamics, the salt discharge effect in saline land with promote the use of scope, in multiple alkaline land improving technical method, utilizing the engineering drainage desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is an important hydrotechnics measure, only has the pumping equipment of perfecting, and other measures just can play one's part to the full.But, from utilization and the development of water conservancy improving technology, the principle and the method that are still the continuity more than one thousand years that this improving technology is followed, i.e. " salt comes with water, and salt goes with water in utilization; Salt comes with water, and the loose salt of water stays " water salt operation basic law, implement " large hydraulic pressure salt, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, underground drainage " downwards by the arable soil top layer, the lower soil salt that oozes is got rid of by the method for underground drainage.Institute's Adopts measure mostly is the farmland and arranges the more and darker drainage and irrigation project technical measures such as open channel, kanat or vertical shaft.There is following objective problem in these traditional fillings row engineering: (1) annual spring, underground water rose, and during the accumulation of salt in the surface soil of earth's surface, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching draining meeting consumes too much water resource, generally needs 4500-7500m
3/ hm
2Large irrigation norm, irrigation water capacity is high, be unfavorable for the water saving; (2) the irrigation and drainage quantities is large, and drainage system drops into higher, general ten thousand yuan/hm of 0.9-1.2
2, and the engineering construction of the row of filling is loaded down with trivial details; (3) numerous escape canals and a large amount of engineering soil cubic meter of stone take the farmland, so that land utilization rate loss in farmland up to 6%-10%, causes the cultivated land resource waste; (4) row's of filling maintenance of works maintenance work amount and difficulty are larger, and maintenance and the operational and administrative expenses of especially underground hidden pipe desalting system are higher, general average annual maintenance expense 900-1500 unit/hm
2
The heavy saline turf plant mainly contains following difficult point in the arid oasis district: the annual wind in (1) arid oasis district is large and evaporation is strong, and the seed that broadcasts sowing and table soil easily are blown away; (2) because water evaporation quantity is large, and surface soil is easy to drying, water management slightly has and inconsiderately the seedling dehydration will occur and thirst; (3) return the native saline and alkaline easy burning seedling of table with evaporation; (4) halophytes such as some long term growth, lamb's-quarters fluffy at the weeds of heavy saline such as reed, alkali, knotweed, amaranth, vitality is strong, than turfgrass stronger growth competition ability is arranged, and prevents and kill off difficulty.
The present invention is round above problem, according to NORTHWEST CHINA arid and semi-arid district geographical environment characteristic, comprehensive Saline-alkali Field Control technology both at home and abroad, on the basis of the saline and alkaline improvement of tradition, propose the saline land comprehensive processing method that lasting salt discharge removes alkali and improves soil fertility, and explored the technology on a cover plantation high-quality lawn.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art that improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline are provided.The technological difficulties that administer difficulty to solve the arid biogeographic zone heavy saline, take effect slowly, have Secondary Saline and turf establishment difficulty have proposed the new technology on arid oasis district heavy saline comprehensive improvement and planting high-quality lawn as purpose.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit: according to planting lawn size and shape, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm-50cm on ground;
(2) place bellows: place bellows in the heavy saline every 5-10m, and bellows is run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore;
(3) backfill or turn over original soil or soil moved in to improve the original;
(4) improve sprinkling irrigation system: sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(5) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(6) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the ruderal plant of salt affected soil growth, absorbs the soil salt, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, gathers in after 1-2 month and removes;
(7) chemical weed control: front 10-15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0Kg, add diesel oil 100-150ml, to water 20-30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat the withered and yellow rotary tillage of weeds and flat surface after the week, prepare the turf plant seed;
(8) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18-25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(9) laying and fixedly nonwoven;
(10) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2-3 time every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, until emergence rate reaches more than 80%;
(11) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 25cm;
(12) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5-8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Further, between described step (1) and (2), also have following steps:
(1.1) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(1.2) build divider wall all around: the concrete gear cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 10cm-20cm above ground level;
(1.3) drainage trenching and settling pit are offered the drain ditch outside described gear cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, and sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
Further, between described step (2) and step (3), also have following steps:
(2.1) lay gravel layer: in foundation ditch, spread and fill out the thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel, and cover whole bellows;
(2.2) spread nylon wire: lay nylon wire at the cobblestone of completing or gravel.
Further, further comprising the steps of: as between step (5) and step (6), to also have following steps:
(5.1) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, with decay sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000 kg/hm
2, organic castoff compost 1000-1500 kg/hm
215-20kg/hm2 mixes with microorganism compost bacterium liquid, and compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, then ploughs pile things in the soil of dark 15-20cm.
Further, in described step (2), described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10-20cm, and the two-layer at least polypropylene fiber silk anti-filter of looping net around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents from bringing in the infiltration process.
Further, in the described step (9), use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground.
Further, in the described step (9), cover fixedly nonwoven of weight: according to the green land wind direction, on the arm of angle of bed northwest, level ground, compress nonwoven with bamboo pole, and put weight in the bamboo pole pressure.
Further, in the described step (1.2), scribble at least one deck underwater paint at the inwall of described brick wall.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
Characteristics of the present invention are: (1) quick desalination: can make soil salt content be lower than 0.4% behind the broad irrigation secondary; (2) accumulation of salt in the surface soil never: broad irrigation get rid of saline and alkaline after, by around the greenery patches and brick wall and plastic film, cobblestone or the gravel of bottom setting intercept salt deposit every salt deposit, block saline and alkaline input, can guarantee the never accumulation of salt in the surface soil; (3) improve soil fertility: by means such as plant improvement, microbial-bacterial fertilizer improvement, organic matter improvement, thoroughly improve soil property; (4) using water wisely: only at First Year thorough broad irrigation secondary in spring, need not later on the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching; (5) plant inhales salt: saline and alkaline with the halophytes enrichment, siphon away the part salinity; (6) thoroughly weed a garden, promote Turfgrass Growth; (7) non-textile mulch and nylon rope tension and compression prevent that seed is blown away; (8) spray water 2-3 time every day in seeding stage, keep nonwoven moistening; (9) regulation and control water-saving irrigation: each irrigation is take the irrigation volume of drenched level ground bed soil 20-25cm as irrigating the upper limit behind the Cheng Ping; Begin again to water after when soil is relatively moisture, dropping to 40%; (10) in time prune, increase tiller number, improve lawn density and cover degree.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the right pseudosection structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1:
Fig. 2 is the main pseudosection structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1:
Fig. 3 is the vertical view structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1:
Among the figure: 1. native 10. settling pits, 11. sewers, the 12. draining crude pig iron of lawn plant 2. level ground beds 3. concrete gear cob brick wall 4. nylon wires, 5. settling pit crown cap 6. bellowss, 7. gravel layer 8. drain ditchs, 9. elements are combed
Fig. 4 is that desalting processing of the present invention is on the figure that affects of lawn soil (10-15cm) salt content.
Embodiment:
Below principle of the present invention and feature are described, institute only gives an actual example and to be used for explanation the present invention, is not be used to limiting scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit: according to the greenery area size and shape, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm-50cm on ground;
(1.1) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(1.2) build divider wall all around: build the concrete gear cob brick wall of 10cm-20cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble at least one deck underwater paint at the inwall of described brick wall;
(1.3) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described gear cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(2) place bellows: place bellows in the heavy saline every 5-10m, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10-20cm, the two-layer at least polypropylene fiber silk anti-filter of looping net around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents from bringing in the infiltration process;
(2.1) lay gravel layer: in foundation ditch, spread and fill out the thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel, and cover whole bellows;
(2.2) spread nylon wire: lay nylon wire at the cobblestone of completing or gravel;
(3) backfill original soil;
(4) improve sprinkling irrigation system: sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(5) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(5.1) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, with decay sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000 kg/hm
2, organic castoff compost 1000-1500 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 15-20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, then plough pile things in the soil of dark 15-20cm;
(6) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, gathers in after 1-2 month and removes;
(7) chemical weed control: front 10-15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0Kg, add diesel oil 100-150ml, to water 20-30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat the withered and yellow again rotary tillage of weeds and flat surface after the week, prepare the turf plant seed;
(8) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18-25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(9) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(10) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2-3 time every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, until emergence rate reaches more than 80%;
(11) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 20-25cm;
(12) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5-8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Embodiment 2: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (5.1).
Embodiment 3: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (1.1), step (1.2), step (1.3), step (2.1), step (2.2), and step 3 is the backfill soil moved in to improve the original.
Embodiment 4: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (1.2), step (1.3), step (2, step (2.1), step (2.2).
Embodiment 5: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (1.1), step (1.2), step (1.3), step (2), step (2.1), step (2.2), and step 3 is the backfill soil moved in to improve the original.
Embodiment 6: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (1), step (1.1), step (1.2), step (1.3), step (2), step (2.1), step (2.2), and step 3 is the original soil of turning over.
Embodiment 7: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (1), step (1.1), step (1.2), step (1.3), step (2), step (2.1), step (2.2), step (5.1), and step 3 is the original soil of turning over.
Embodiment 8: identical with enforcement 1, different is in the described step (9), covers fixedly nonwoven of weight: according to the green land wind direction, compress nonwoven with bamboo pole on the arm of angle of bed northwest, level ground, and put weight in the bamboo pole pressure.
Embodiment 9: identical with enforcement 1, different is to include only following steps:
(1) excavation pit: according to the greenery area size and shape, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm on ground;
(1.1) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(1.2) build divider wall all around: build the concrete gear cob brick wall of 10cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble at least one deck underwater paint at the inwall of described brick wall;
(1.3) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described gear cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(2) place bellows: place bellows in the heavy saline every 5m, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10cm, the two-layer at least polypropylene fiber silk anti-filter of looping net around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents from bringing in the infiltration process;
(2.1) lay gravel layer: in foundation ditch, spread and fill out the thick cobblestone of 10cm or gravel, and cover whole bellows;
(2.2) spread nylon wire: lay nylon wire at the cobblestone of completing or gravel;
(3) backfill original soil;
(4) improve sprinkling irrigation system: sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(5) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(5.1) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%, with decay sheep excrement or cow dung 3500 kg/hm
2, organic castoff compost 1000 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 15kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, then plough pile things in the soil of dark 15cm;
(6) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, and harvesting is removed after 1 month;
(7) chemical weed control: front 10 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5Kg, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 20Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat the withered and yellow again rotary tillage of weeds and flat surface after the week, prepare the turf plant seed;
(8) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(9) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(10) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2 times every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, until emergence rate reaches more than 80%;
(11) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 20cm;
(12) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Embodiment 10:
(1) excavation pit: according to the greenery area size and shape, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 50cm on ground;
(1.1) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(1.2) build divider wall all around: build the concrete gear cob brick wall of 20cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble at least one deck underwater paint at the inwall of described brick wall;
(1.3) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described gear cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(2) place bellows: place bellows in the heavy saline every 10m, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 20cm, the two-layer at least polypropylene fiber silk anti-filter of looping net around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents from bringing in the infiltration process;
(2.1) lay gravel layer: in foundation ditch, spread and fill out the thick cobblestone of 20cm or gravel, and cover whole bellows;
(2.2) spread nylon wire: lay nylon wire at the cobblestone of completing or gravel;
(3) backfill original soil;
(4) improve sprinkling irrigation system: sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(5) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(5.1) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 0%, with decay sheep excrement or cow dung 5000 kg/hm
2, organic castoff compost 1500 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, then plough pile things in the soil of dark 20cm;
(6) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, and harvesting is removed after 2 months;
(7) chemical weed control: front 15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 1.0Kg, add diesel oil 150ml, to water 30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat the withered and yellow again rotary tillage of weeds and flat surface after the week, prepare the turf plant seed;
(8) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6: 3: 1, and it is 25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(9) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(10) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 3 times every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, until emergence rate reaches more than 80%;
(11) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 25cm;
(12) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Embodiment 11:
(1) excavation pit: according to the greenery area size and shape, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 45cm on ground;
(1.1) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(1.2) build divider wall all around: build the concrete gear cob brick wall of 15cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble at least one deck underwater paint at the inwall of described brick wall;
(1.3) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described gear cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(2) place bellows: place bellows in the heavy saline every 7.5m, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 15cm, the two-layer at least polypropylene fiber silk anti-filter of looping net around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents from bringing in the infiltration process;
(2.1) lay gravel layer: in foundation ditch, spread and fill out the thick cobblestone of 15cm or gravel, and cover whole bellows;
(2.2) spread nylon wire: lay nylon wire at the cobblestone of completing or gravel;
(3) backfill original soil;
(4) improve sprinkling irrigation system: sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(5) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 5 hours from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(5.1) organic matter and microorganism improvement: in flood irrigation after 4 days, when soil moisture content reaches 65%, with decay sheep excrement or cow dung 4500 kg/hm
2, organic castoff compost 1250 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 17.5kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, then plough pile things in the soil of dark 17cm;
(6) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, and harvesting is removed after 1.5 months;
(7) chemical weed control: front 13 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.7Kg, add diesel oil 125ml, to water 25Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat the withered and yellow again rotary tillage of weeds and flat surface after the week, prepare the turf plant seed;
(8) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 22g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(9) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2.5m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(10) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 3 times every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, until emergence rate reaches more than 80%;
(11) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 22cm;
(12) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 7cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
The Changing Pattern of lawn soil (10-15cm) salt content in 3 years under following methods 1-method 7 is processed as can be seen from Figure 4:
The data verification of carrying out respectively according to the method for embodiment 1 to embodiment 7:
Method 1: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 1, First Year soil salt content in July is down to 0.4%, and salt content is minimum in the reason method throughout, though salt content has fluctuation within a narrow range afterwards, but totally be gradually downward trend, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum.Illustrate that the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching step among the embodiment 1 can significantly reduce soil salt content, afterwards because the bottom lining form keeps off the cob brick wall every the existence of alkali layer around reaching, blocked extraneous saline and alkaline input, added the improving effect of plant and microorganism, soil salt and alkali content is descended gradually.The processing method of embodiment 1 shows optimum improvement saline land effect in various processing methods.
Method 2: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 2, First Year soil salt content in July also has significant decline, be down to 0.55%, a little more than First Year soil salt content in July among the embodiment 1, salt content also is fluctuation within a narrow range afterwards, but overall decline, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum, a little more than the processing method of embodiment 1 and the processing method of embodiment 3.The processing method difference of the processing method of embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is not only being used amendement, and its effect of administering the saline land also is lower than the processing method of embodiment 1, illustrates that organic matter and microorganism improvement soil method that this test is adopted all play an important role to reducing soil salt and alkali content in whole experimental stage.The processing method of embodiment 2 also shows and administers preferably the saline land effect in various processing methods, but effect is lower than the processing method of embodiment 1 and the processing method of embodiment 3.
Method 3: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 3, the processing method of First Year soil salt content in July and embodiment 2 is more or less the same, salt content shows more stably continuous decrease trend afterwards, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum, a little more than the processing method of embodiment 1, be lower than the processing method of embodiment 2.The processing method of example 3 is owing to backfill is soil moved in to improve the original, so after the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, First Year during July salt content do not show than the First Year remarkable decline in April, afterwards because the processing method of Adopts measure and embodiment 1 is identical, so also shown the effect in lasting significantly improvement saline land, effect is lower than the processing method of example 1, and is higher than other processing methods.
Method 4: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 4, First Year soil salt content in July value is higher, more than 1.3%, being afterwards fluctuation changes, aggregate performance goes out downward trend, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum, more than 0.8%, was significantly higher than embodiment 1,2,3 processing method.The processing method of embodiment 4 is compared with the processing method of embodiment 1, gear cob brick wall and drainage system are not set, thereby the effect of broad irrigation is relatively poor, First Year during July salt content be not very large than First Year fall in April.Because the processing method of Adopts measure and embodiment 1 is identical, and the bottom lining form has been brought into play effectively every the alkali effect, amendement has also hindered the Secondary Saline effect to a certain extent, thereby soil salt content is reduction trend afterwards.Administer the saline land effect from each processing method, the processing method effect of embodiment 4 significantly is lower than embodiment 1,2,3 processing method, and is higher than other processing methods.
Method 5: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 5, First Year soil salt content in July and embodiment 2,3 processing method are more or less the same, being afterwards fluctuation changes, but whole in rising trend, in April, the 3rd, soil salt content rose to peak, be in September, 1.4%, the three soil salt content near about 1.2% again, be significantly higher than embodiment 1,2,3,4 processing method.The processing method of embodiment 5 is owing to backfill is soil moved in to improve the original, so after the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, First Year during July salt content do not show than the First Year remarkable decline in April, but owing to not taking every the alkali measure, its salt content sharply rose after half a year, changed fluctuation with seasonal climate afterwards, and whole salt content remains on higher level, the effect in improvement saline land is relatively poor, is lower than embodiment 1,2,3,4 processing method.
Method 6: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 6, soil salt content integral body maintains higher level, being fluctuation changes, each soil content value in September in time lower (about 1.3%), soil salt content in April higher (about 1.4%), the Second Year soil salt and alkali content was a little less than First Year and the 3rd year, and First Year and the 3rd year difference are not obvious.The processing method of embodiment 6 does not arrange drainage system, thereby the effect of broad irrigation is relatively poor, First Year during July salt content be not very large than First Year fall in April, do not take again afterwards every the alkali measure, salt content rises gradually again and changes fluctuation with seasonal climate after half a year.But owing to having taked soil improvement method, the soil salt content of Second Year and the 3rd year still descends to some extent than First Year, but the weak effect in whole improvement saline land, is lower than the processing method of embodiment 5.
Method 7: according to the data verification that the method for embodiment 7 is carried out, soil salt content changes with being fluctuation season, but all maintains more than 1.5%, and is whole in rising trend between the time.Each, the soil content value was lower in September in time, and April, soil salt content was higher.The processing method of embodiment 7 does not arrange gear cob brick wall and drainage system, and the effect of broad irrigation is relatively poor, First Year during July salt content be not very large than First Year fall in April, similar to the processing method of embodiment 6.Do not take afterwards every alkali and amendement, accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon is serious, and soil salt and alkali content constantly rises, far above other processing methods, and the poor effect in improvement saline land.
Table 1
Table 1 is emerged and the seedling growth status list for each processing method turfgrass, as can be seen from Table 1 the emerging and become the level ground situation of lawn under each processing method.With regard to emergence rate, method 1,2,3,5 the situation of emerging are all better, and emergence rate is all more than 87%, and difference is not remarkable.Method 4 emergence rates are relatively poor, significantly are lower than method 1,2,3,5, and method 6,7 emergence rate differences are not remarkable, and emergence rate is all relatively poor, significantly is lower than method 4.
With regard to seedling growth speed, method 1,2,5 seedling growth speed, all more than 0.44 cm/d, difference is not remarkable for seedling growth speed.The seedling growth speed of method 3 is a little less than method 1,2,5, and method 4,6,7 seedling growth are slow, significantly are lower than method 3, and significant difference to each other, seedling growth speed method 4〉method 6〉method 7.
Just become the level ground fate, do not become in the eliminating method 7 outside the level ground, additive method is Cheng Ping in 60 days all, does not have to each other significant difference.Method 1,2 becomes the level ground at 54d, and method 5 becomes the level ground at 55d, and method 3,4,6 becomes the level ground at 60d.
By above data as can be known, the lawn emerges and becomes level ground situation and each method soil salt and alkali content in early stage closely related.Method 1,2,3,5 soil salt and alkali content in early stage significantly are lower than method 4,6,7, and it is emerged and becomes the level ground situation also significantly to be better than method 4,6,7.But because the difference of each method soil moved in to improve the original and original soil and the improvement of soil organic matter microorganism is long-lasting, thereby emerges early stage and becomes the level ground situation can not represent the effect that each method integral body improves salt affected soil fully.
Table 2
Table 2 is the one-tenth level ground stage index determining table of each method, and as can be seen from Table 2, each method lawn is in the variation tendency that becomes the every growth of level ground stage and quality index.
Lawn coverage, homogeneity, density, ground biomass are year by year ascendant trend in the method 1, and chlorophyll content descended than Second Year on the 3rd year to some extent, but all was higher than First Year.Illustration method 1 improvement salt affected soil effect is best, and the every quality index in lawn all keeps higher value.
Lawn homogeneity, density, ground biomass are year by year ascendant trend in the method 2; The cover degree Second Year descends to some extent than First Year, rises again above First Year in the 3rd year; Chlorophyll content descended than Second Year on the 3rd year to some extent, but all was higher than First Year.But method 2 except homogeneity, chlorophyll content a little less than the method 1, other index and approachs 1 also have certain gap.Although illustration method 2 improvement salt affected soil effects are also better, not as method 1, visible organic also significant to the saline land lawn planting with microorganism improvement soil.
In the method 3 over 3 years lawn coverage, chlorophyll content be first reduce after rising trend; Homogeneity, density, ground biomass are year by year ascendant trend.Method 3 the first two years cover degrees, homogeneity, density, chlorophyll content are slightly larger than method 2, but difference is not remarkable, and ground biomass is lower than method 2.But the 3rd year green cellulose content of disleaf of method 2 and method 2 differences significantly outside, other indexs all decrease than method 2.Illustration method 3 is compared with method 2, owing to taked amendement, thereby the first two years Turfgrass Growth situation is relatively good, and but because method 3 is not kept off the cob brick wall, can not stop the salinity input fully, may cause certain influence to turfgrass.Chlorophyll content of plant can be on the rise under slight adverse circumstance, thereby the 3rd year method 3 chlorophyll contents are slightly larger than method 2.All in all the every quality index difference of turfgrass is little between method 2 and the method 3, but all is lower than method 1.In conjunction with Fig. 2 as can be known, method 2 is not because using the microbe soil ameliorative measure, and early stage, the salt alkali content was higher than method 3 always, but during in September, the 3rd, little with method 3 differences.As seen the upgrowth situation of turfgrass can represent the size of soil salt and alkali content.The effect that method 2 is administered the saline land in the first three years is a little less than method 3, and development trend afterwards is also unknown.But two method effects all are lower than method 1.
In 3 years in the method 4 each index of lawn all be lower than the method 1,2,3 of the same period.But each index all in time prolongation and increase.This and its soil salt prolongs in time the variation tendency that shows and matches.Method 4 is not because arranging drain ditch and settling pit, thereby the flood irrigation effect is undesirable, soil salt and alkali content is higher in earlier stage to cause it, the Turfgrass Growth situation is not too good, but method 4 has the bottom lining form every the alkali measure, and utilizes microorganism and organic improvement soil, so its soil salt content descends year by year, the Turfgrass Growth index also rises gradually, but also has than significant difference with method 1,2,3.
Method 5: First Year each desired value in lawn is all larger, is higher than method 2,3, and is not remarkable with method 1 difference, but prolongs in time, and each desired value sharply descends, far below the method 4 of the same period.This and its soil salt prolongs in time the variation tendency that shows and matches.Method 5 is because using soil moved in to improve the original, so early stage, soil salt content was low, lawn growth is good, but because it does not arrange every the alkali measure, accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon occurs very soon, soil salt content raises, cause the lawn growth situation to descend, thereby the improvement saline land method of method 5 do not have lasting effect, and effect is relatively poor, significantly is lower than method 4.
Each index of lawn is lower than method 4 at First Year in the method 6, the rear method 5 that was lower than the same period in 2 years.And prolongation continuous decrease in time.This and its soil salt prolongs in time the variation tendency that shows and matches.Method 6 is used original soil, and drain ditch and settling pit are not set, the flood irrigation effect is undesirable, and soil salt and alkali content is higher in earlier stage to cause it, and the Turfgrass Growth situation is not too good, again because without any every the alkali measure, accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon occurs very soon, soil salt content raises, and causes the lawn growth situation to descend, thereby the improvement saline land method weak effect of method 6, significantly be lower than method 5.
The lawn value in 3 years of each index all significantly is lower than the additive method same period in the method 7, and descends year by year.This and its soil salt prolongs in time the variation tendency that shows and matches.Method 7 is used original soils, and drain ditch and settling pit are not set, also without any every the alkali measure, do not carry out simultaneously organic matter and microorganism improvement soil, thereby its soil salt content is higher than method 6, and raises year by year, lawn growth situation continuous decrease, the effect of administering the saline land is the poorest.
Each method soil salt content over comprehensive 3 years, turfgrass is emerged and seedling growth situation and the every quality index variation tendency that becomes the level ground stage, and the effectiveness ranking in each side's ruling by law reason saline land is as can be known: method 1〉method 3〉method 2〉method 4〉method 5〉method 6〉method 7.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the improvement of an arid oasis district heavy saline and high-quality method of planting lawn is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit: according to planting lawn size and shape, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm-50cm on ground;
(2) place bellows: place bellows in the heavy saline every 5-10m, and bellows is run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore;
(3) backfill or turn over original soil or soil moved in to improve the original;
(4) improve sprinkling irrigation system: sprinkling irrigation sprinkler head is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(5) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(6) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the ruderal plant of salt affected soil growth, absorbs the soil salt, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, gathers in after 1-2 month and removes;
(7) chemical weed control: front 10-15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0Kg, add diesel oil 100-150ml, to water 20-30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat the withered and yellow rotary tillage of weeds and flat surface after the week, prepare the turf plant seed;
(8) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18-25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(9) laying and fixedly nonwoven;
(10) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2-3 time every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, until emergence rate reaches more than 80%;
(11) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 25cm;
(12) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5-8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
2. improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 1 district heavy saline is characterized in that,
Between described step (1) to (2), also have following steps:
(1.1) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(1.2) build divider wall all around: the concrete gear cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 10cm-20cm above ground level;
(1.3) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described gear cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap.
3. improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 1 district heavy saline is characterized in that,
Between described step (2) and step (3), also have following steps:
(2.1) lay gravel layer: in foundation ditch, spread and fill out the thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel, and cover whole bellows;
(2.2) spread nylon wire: lay nylon wire at the cobblestone of completing or gravel.
4. improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 1 district heavy saline is characterized in that, and be further comprising the steps of: also have following steps between step (5) and step (6):
(5.1) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, with decay sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000kg/hm
2, organic castoff compost 1000-1500kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 15-20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, then plough pile things in the soil of dark 15-20cm.
5. such as improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of the arbitrary described arid oasis of claim 1 to 4 district heavy saline, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10-20cm, the two-layer at least polypropylene fiber silk anti-filter of looping net around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents from bringing in the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching process.
6. such as improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of the arbitrary described arid oasis of claim 1 to 4 district heavy saline, it is characterized in that, in the described step (9), use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on planting lawn ground vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around on planting lawn ground, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground.
7. such as improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of the arbitrary described arid oasis of claim 1 to 4 district heavy saline, it is characterized in that, in the described step (9), cover fixedly nonwoven of weight: according to planting lawn ground wind direction, on the arm of angle of bed northwest, level ground, compress nonwoven with bamboo pole, and put weight in the bamboo pole pressure.
8. improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 2 district heavy saline is characterized in that, in the described step (1.2), scribble at least one deck underwater paint at the inwall of described brick wall.
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