Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid the deficiency of prior art to provide the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone flower bed to build and the flower planting method.To solve the heavy saline land improvement of arid biogeographic zone difficulty, to take effect slowly, have secondary salinization of soil and turf establishment difficult technologies difficult point is purpose, has proposed the new technology on arid oasis district geavy salt alkali ground comprehensive improvement and planting high-quality lawn.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone flower bed is built and the flower planting method, may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 20-40cm on the ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) lining form:, lay sealed polyethylene plastic on the ground and be used at a distance from alkali according to greenery area size and shape;
(3) build divider wall all around: the mixed earth retaining cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 50cm-60cm above ground level;
(4) drainage trenching: the excavation drain ditch, a retaining wall outside that physical features is lower in the greenery patches, sewer is led in the drain ditch;
(5) water hole that begins to rehearse: a lower retaining wall base portion of physical features in the greenery patches; Every separated 5-10m opens the hole that at least one leads to the drain ditch, and pore diameter size is 5-10cm; In the hole, insert the short plastic tube of a diameter 5-10cm, outer within the walls 5-10cm is all stretched out at short plastic tube two;
(6) lay gravel layer: fill out thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel on the lining form upper berth;
(7) lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack;
(8) cover original soil or soil moved in to improve the original; Original soil is a saline-alkali soil around the flower bed, soil moved in to improve the original be meant non-locality primary, by other places in-migration or treated fine quality nonsaline-alkali soil earth, the method that embodiment 1 adopts is to cover original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: broad irrigation for the first time, the water that penetrates into the flower bed bottom is flowed out from the plastic tubulature of apopore, flow into sewer through the drain ditch, continuous leaching, the salt content in the soil of twice back of flood irrigation can stop washed out soil less than 0.4%;
(11) backfill drain ditch;
(12) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed
2, organic castoff compost 1000 kg/hm
2With microbial inoculum 15-20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 15-20cm;
(13) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and regularly harvesting is removed;
(14) chemical weed control: preceding 10 days of plant of plantation, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0 kilogram, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 20-30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat after the week weeds withered and yellow after rotary tillage and flat surface once more, prepare the transplanting flower seedling;
(15) plant is selected: select salt tolerant alkali, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, the flower bed flowers that anti-burning sun is exposed to the sun are like Chinese rose, garden balsam, cockscomb, lily, tawny daylily, French marigold, petunia, China pink, Aztec marigold; Can have multiple;
(16) transplant seedlings and fertilization of leaves: select overcast and rainy plantation when planting flower seedling, flower seedling all has nutrition soil, ensures that survival rate reaches 98%; The seedling-slowing stage of nursery stock when guaranteeing that moisture is sufficient, sprays foliage fertilizer and " sprays treasured "; And in good time loosen the soil, weeding, make the flower seedling growing way vigorous;
(17) regulation and control water-saving irrigation;
(18) science maintenance: loosen the soil, weeding in good time, make the flowers growing way vigorous.
Further, described regulation and control water-saving irrigation step is by being divided into following steps:
1. water management: after treating the flower growth stalwartness, each irrigation volume is drenched seedling level ground soil 20-35cm;
2. water-saving irrigation opportunity and irrigation volume are confirmed: after the flower growth stalwartness, observe through plant, slightly wilt at the flowers branches and leaves, soil relative water content was irrigated smaller or equal to 40% o'clock, when soil layer drenches 20-35cm, stopped to irrigate.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) quick desalination: soil salt content is reached below 0.4%, later on the accumulation of salt in the surface soil or else;
(2) long-acting lasting: through means such as separated alkali layer setting, plant improvement, microbial-bacterial fertilizer improvement, organic matter improvement, the proterties of thoroughly improving the soil;
(3) using water wisely:, need not the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching later on only at thorough broad irrigation secondary in 1 year spring;
(4) practice thrift cost: the irrigation and drainage engineering drops into little, high efficiency, and the soil melioration cost is low;
(5) plant inhales salt: saline and alkaline with the halophytes enrichment, siphon away the part salinity;
(6) thoroughly weed a garden, promote garden plant growth;
(7) preferred flowers: select salt tolerant alkali, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, the flower bed flowers that anti-burning sun is exposed to the sun;
(8) flower seedling is transplanted: select the overcast and rainy flower seedling of planting, flower seedling band nutrition soil reaches more than 98% survival rate;
(9) seedling-slowing stage spray fertilization of leaves: when guaranteeing that moisture is sufficient, spray foliage fertilizer and " spray treasured " once, make the nursery stock degree of safety cross seedling-slowing stage;
(10) the regulation and control water-saving irrigation of flower planting: after the flower growth stalwartness, each irrigation volume of irrigating with drenched seedbed soil 20-35cm serves as to irrigate the upper limit; Begin again to water after when soil is moisture relatively, dropping to 40%;
(11) scientific management maintenance.
Embodiment:
Below principle of the present invention and characteristic are described, institute gives an actual example and only is used to explain the present invention, is not to be used to limit scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone flower bed is built and the flower planting method, may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 20-40cm on the ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) lining form:, lay sealed polyethylene plastic on the ground and be used at a distance from alkali according to greenery area size and shape;
(3) build divider wall all around: the mixed earth retaining cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 50cm-60cm above ground level;
(4) drainage trenching: the excavation drain ditch, a retaining wall outside that physical features is lower in the greenery patches, sewer is led in the drain ditch;
(5) water hole that begins to rehearse: a lower retaining wall base portion of physical features in the greenery patches; Every separated 5-10m opens the hole that at least one leads to the drain ditch, and pore diameter size is 5-10cm; In the hole, insert the short plastic tube of a diameter 5-10cm, outer within the walls 5-10cm is all stretched out at short plastic tube two;
(6) lay gravel layer: fill out thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel on the lining form upper berth;
(7) lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack;
(8) cover original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: broad irrigation for the first time, the water that penetrates into the flower bed bottom is flowed out from the plastic tubulature of apopore, flow into sewer through the drain ditch, continuous leaching, the salt content in the soil of twice back of flood irrigation can stop washed out soil less than 0.4%;
(11) backfill drain ditch;
(12) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed
2, organic castoff compost 1000 kg/hm
2With microbial inoculum 15-20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 15-20cm;
(13) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and regularly harvesting is removed;
(14) chemical weed control: preceding 10 days of plant of plantation, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0 kilogram, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 20-30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat after the week weeds withered and yellow after rotary tillage and flat surface once more, prepare the transplanting flower seedling;
(15) plant is selected: select salt tolerant alkali, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, the flower bed flowers that anti-burning sun is exposed to the sun are like Chinese rose, garden balsam, cockscomb, lily, tawny daylily, French marigold, petunia, China pink, Aztec marigold;
(16) transplant seedlings and fertilization of leaves: select overcast and rainy plantation when planting flower seedling, flower seedling all has nutrition soil, ensures that survival rate reaches 98%; The seedling-slowing stage of nursery stock when guaranteeing that moisture is sufficient, sprays foliage fertilizer and " sprays treasured "; And in good time loosen the soil, weeding, make the flower seedling growing way vigorous;
(17) regulation and control water-saving irrigation:
1. water management: after treating the flower growth stalwartness, each irrigation volume is drenched seedling level ground soil 20-35cm;
2. water-saving irrigation opportunity and irrigation volume are confirmed: after the flower growth stalwartness, observe through plant, slightly wilt at the flowers branches and leaves, soil relative water content was irrigated smaller or equal to 40% o'clock, when soil layer drenches 20-35cm, stopped to irrigate;
(18) science maintenance: loosen the soil, weeding in good time, make the flowers growing way vigorous.
Embodiment 2: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (12).
Embodiment 3: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (2), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7).
Embodiment 4: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (2), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7), step (12).
Embodiment 5: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (2), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7), and step (10), step (11), step (12), and step 8 is for covering soil moved in to improve the original.
Embodiment 6: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (2), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7), step (10), step (11), step (12).
It below is the data verification of embodiment 1-embodiment 6 methods.
Table 1
Table 1 can find out from table 1 that for the soil chemical analysis of each processing the soil total salt quantity content of original soil is the highest then, reaches 1.15%; And the total salt quantity content of the soil of improveing through various saline and alkaline ameliorative measures is far below original soil; Wherein the soil total salt quantity content handled of leaching desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method is higher, is 0.46%, and it is minimum that the separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching adds the soil total salt quantity content that soil melioration handled; Be 0.28%, explain that the separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching adds soil improving method and played best effects to reducing soil alkaline then.Along with irrigating and serike; Added soil total salt quantity content that soil improving method handled descends year by year except that the separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching in the 3rd year; All the other handle all risings year by year of soil total salt quantity, and original soil total salt quantity content is still for the highest, and the soil total salt quantity that passenger's soil, the leaching desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method are handled is little with original soil difference; The soil total salt quantity that separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method is handled significantly is lower than original soil, but also adds the total salt quantity of the soil that soil melioration handled far above the separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching.The comprehensive table of going up can know that it is best to the improvement improved effect in saline land that the separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching adds soil improving method, is separation layer desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method secondly.Though the passenger is native, the leaching desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching can significantly reduce the soil total salt quantity then, later stage accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon is serious, can't reach the result of long-acting improvement.
Embodiment 7: identical with embodiment 1, different is to include only following steps:
(8) cover soil moved in to improve the original;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: broad irrigation for the first time, the water that penetrates into the flower bed bottom is flowed out from the plastic tubulature of apopore, flow into sewer through the drain ditch, continuous leaching, the salt content in the soil of twice back of flood irrigation can stop washed out soil less than 0.4%;
(11) backfill drain ditch;
(13) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and regularly harvesting is removed;
(14) chemical weed control: preceding 10 days of plant of plantation, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0 kilogram, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 20-30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat after the week weeds withered and yellow after rotary tillage and flat surface once more, prepare the transplanting flower seedling;
(15) plant is selected: select salt tolerant alkali, drought-enduring, and water-fast wet, the flower bed flowers that anti-burning sun is exposed to the sun;
(16) transplant seedlings and fertilization of leaves: select overcast and rainy plantation when planting flower seedling, flower seedling all has nutrition soil, ensures that survival rate reaches 98%; The seedling-slowing stage of nursery stock when guaranteeing that moisture is sufficient, sprays foliage fertilizer and " sprays treasured "; And in good time loosen the soil, weeding, make the flower seedling growing way vigorous;
(17) regulation and control water-saving irrigation;
(18) science maintenance: loosen the soil, weeding in good time, make the flowers growing way vigorous.
Embodiment 8: the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone flower bed is built and the flower planting method, may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 30cm on the ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) lining form:, lay sealed polyethylene plastic on the ground and be used at a distance from alkali according to greenery area size and shape;
(3) build divider wall all around: the mixed earth retaining cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 55cm above ground level;
(4) drainage trenching: the excavation drain ditch, a retaining wall outside that physical features is lower in the greenery patches, sewer is led in the drain ditch;
(5) water hole that begins to rehearse: the lower retaining wall base portion of physical features in the greenery patches, whenever open the hole that at least one leads to the drain ditch at a distance from 7m, pore diameter size is 7cm, in the hole, inserts the short plastic tube of a diameter 7cm, lacks plastic tube two and all stretches out outer within the walls 7cm;
(6) lay gravel layer: fill out thick cobblestone of 15cm or gravel on the lining form upper berth;
(7) lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack;
(8) cover original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: broad irrigation for the first time, the water that penetrates into the flower bed bottom is flowed out from the plastic tubulature of apopore, flow into sewer through the drain ditch, continuous leaching, the salt content in the soil of twice back of flood irrigation can stop washed out soil less than 0.4%;
(11) backfill drain ditch;
(12) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days; When soil moisture content reaches 65%; To become thoroughly decomposed sheep excrement or cow dung 4500 kg/hm2, organic castoff compost 1000 kg/hm2 and microbial inoculum 17kg/hm2 mixes; Compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 17cm;
(13) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and regularly harvesting is removed;
(14) chemical weed control: preceding 10 days of plant of plantation, with 0.7 kilogram of 10% gyphosate solution, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 25Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat after the week weeds withered and yellow after rotary tillage and flat surface once more, prepare the transplanting flower seedling;
(15) plant is selected: select salt tolerant alkali, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, the flower bed flowers that anti-burning sun is exposed to the sun are like Chinese rose, garden balsam, cockscomb, lily, tawny daylily, French marigold, petunia, China pink, Aztec marigold;
(16) transplant seedlings and fertilization of leaves: select overcast and rainy plantation when planting flower seedling, flower seedling all has nutrition soil, ensures that survival rate reaches 98%; The seedling-slowing stage of nursery stock when guaranteeing that moisture is sufficient, sprays foliage fertilizer and " sprays treasured "; And in good time loosen the soil, weeding, make the flower seedling growing way vigorous;
(17) regulation and control water-saving irrigation:
1. water management: after treating the flower growth stalwartness, each irrigation volume is drenched seedling level ground soil 32cm;
2. water-saving irrigation opportunity and irrigation volume are confirmed: after the flower growth stalwartness, observe through plant, slightly wilt at the flowers branches and leaves, soil relative water content was irrigated smaller or equal to 40% o'clock, when soil layer drenches 30cm, stopped to irrigate;
(18) science maintenance: loosen the soil, weeding in good time, make the flowers growing way vigorous.
Embodiment 9:
The heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone flower bed is built and the flower planting method, may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 20cm on the ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) lining form:, lay sealed polyethylene plastic on the ground and be used at a distance from alkali according to greenery area size and shape;
(3) build divider wall all around: the mixed earth retaining cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 50cm above ground level;
(4) drainage trenching: the excavation drain ditch, a retaining wall outside that physical features is lower in the greenery patches, sewer is led in the drain ditch;
(5) water hole that begins to rehearse: the lower retaining wall base portion of physical features in the greenery patches, whenever open the hole that at least one leads to the drain ditch at a distance from 5m, pore diameter size is 5cm, in the hole, inserts the short plastic tube of a diameter 5cm, lacks plastic tube two and all stretches out outer within the walls 5cm;
(6) lay gravel layer: fill out thick cobblestone of 10cm or gravel on the lining form upper berth;
(7) lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack;
(8) cover original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: broad irrigation for the first time, the water that penetrates into the flower bed bottom is flowed out from the plastic tubulature of apopore, flow into sewer through the drain ditch, continuous leaching, the salt content in the soil of twice back of flood irrigation can stop washed out soil less than 0.4%;
(11) backfill drain ditch;
(12) organic matter and microorganism improvement: in flood irrigation after 3 days; When soil moisture content reaches 60%; To become thoroughly decomposed sheep excrement or cow dung 3500kg/hm2, organic castoff compost 1000kg/hm2 and microbial inoculum 15kg/hm2 mixes; Compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 15cm;
(13) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and regularly harvesting is removed;
(14) chemical weed control: preceding 10 days of plant of plantation, with 0.5 kilogram of 10% gyphosate solution, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 20Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat after the week weeds withered and yellow after rotary tillage and flat surface once more, prepare the transplanting flower seedling;
(15) plant is selected: select salt tolerant alkali, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, the flower bed flowers that anti-burning sun is exposed to the sun are like Chinese rose, garden balsam, cockscomb, lily, tawny daylily, French marigold, petunia, China pink, Aztec marigold;
(16) transplant seedlings and fertilization of leaves: select overcast and rainy plantation when planting flower seedling, flower seedling all has nutrition soil, ensures that survival rate reaches 98%; The seedling-slowing stage of nursery stock when guaranteeing that moisture is sufficient, sprays foliage fertilizer and " sprays treasured "; And in good time loosen the soil, weeding, make the flower seedling growing way vigorous;
(17) regulation and control water-saving irrigation:
1. water management: after treating the flower growth stalwartness, each irrigation volume is drenched seedling level ground soil 20cm;
2. water-saving irrigation opportunity and irrigation volume are confirmed: after the flower growth stalwartness, observe through plant, slightly wilt at the flowers branches and leaves, soil relative water content was irrigated smaller or equal to 40% o'clock, when soil layer drenches 20cm, stopped to irrigate;
(18) science maintenance: loosen the soil, weeding in good time, make the flowers growing way vigorous.
Embodiment 10: the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone flower bed is built and the flower planting method, may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm on the ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) lining form:, lay sealed polyethylene plastic on the ground and be used at a distance from alkali according to greenery area size and shape;
(3) build divider wall all around: the mixed earth retaining cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 60cm above ground level;
(4) drainage trenching: the excavation drain ditch, a retaining wall outside that physical features is lower in the greenery patches, sewer is led in the drain ditch;
(5) water hole that begins to rehearse: the lower retaining wall base portion of physical features in the greenery patches, whenever open the hole that at least one leads to the drain ditch at a distance from 10m, pore diameter size is 10cm, in the hole, inserts the short plastic tube of a diameter 10cm, lacks plastic tube two and all stretches out outer within the walls 10cm;
(6) lay gravel layer: fill out thick cobblestone of 20cm or gravel on the lining form upper berth;
(7) lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay polypropylene fibre silk screen pack;
(8) cover original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: broad irrigation for the first time, the water that penetrates into the flower bed bottom is flowed out from the plastic tubulature of apopore, flow into sewer through the drain ditch, continuous leaching, the salt content in the soil of twice back of flood irrigation can stop washed out soil less than 0.4%;
(11) backfill drain ditch;
(12) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after 5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 70%, sheep excrement or cow dung 5000 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed in flood irrigation
2, organic castoff compost 1000 kg/hm
2With microbial inoculum 20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 20cm;
(13) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and regularly harvesting is removed;
(14) chemical weed control: preceding 10 days of plant of plantation, with 1.0 kilograms of 10% gyphosate solutions, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 30Kg, to the weeds spraying, treat after the week weeds withered and yellow after rotary tillage and flat surface once more, prepare the transplanting flower seedling;
(15) plant is selected: select salt tolerant alkali, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, the flower bed flowers that anti-burning sun is exposed to the sun are like Chinese rose, garden balsam, cockscomb, lily, tawny daylily, French marigold, petunia, China pink, Aztec marigold;
(16) transplant seedlings and fertilization of leaves: select overcast and rainy plantation when planting flower seedling, flower seedling all has nutrition soil, ensures that survival rate reaches 98%; The seedling-slowing stage of nursery stock when guaranteeing that moisture is sufficient, sprays foliage fertilizer and " sprays treasured "; And in good time loosen the soil, weeding, make the flower seedling growing way vigorous;
(17) regulation and control water-saving irrigation:
1. water management: after treating the flower growth stalwartness, each irrigation volume is drenched seedling level ground soil 35cm;
2. water-saving irrigation opportunity and irrigation volume are confirmed: after the flower growth stalwartness, observe through plant, slightly wilt at the flowers branches and leaves, soil relative water content was irrigated smaller or equal to 40% o'clock, when soil layer drenches 35cm, stopped to irrigate;
(18) science maintenance: loosen the soil, weeding in good time, make the flowers growing way vigorous.
The above is merely preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of within spirit of the present invention and principle, being done, is not equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.