CN104488394A - Comprehensive improvement method for salinized soil - Google Patents
Comprehensive improvement method for salinized soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488394A CN104488394A CN201410682563.3A CN201410682563A CN104488394A CN 104488394 A CN104488394 A CN 104488394A CN 201410682563 A CN201410682563 A CN 201410682563A CN 104488394 A CN104488394 A CN 104488394A
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Abstract
A comprehensive improvement method for salinized soil includes S1, applying fertilizer; S2, performing soil preparation, namely building an arc-shaped gentle slope every 5-10 meters and digging an open trench between bottoms of every two arc-shaped gentle slopes; S3, laying pipes and irrigating, namely laying rotating micro sprinklers at the tops of the arc-shaped gentle slopes; S4, sowing suaeda salsa; S5, irrigating; S6, picking vegetables; S7, transplanting plants from late October to early November after seeds of the plants are mature and part of the seeds fall off. The comprehensive improvement method has the advantages that the salinized soil of coastal saline and alkaline land can be restored pointedly, improvement time can be shortened, and economic benefit can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alkaline land improvement technical field, be specifically related to a kind of synthesis improvement method of saline soil.
Background technology
Current, the continuous deterioration of ecotope and the irrational land development and utilization of people, cause the salinization of soil of soil to be on the rise, and become a global difficult problem, and soil salinization problem is a great problem that puzzlement world agriculture is produced.How to develop saline and alkaline land resources, improve the great attention that saline and alkaline soil result of use has caused people.
Due to the difference of the environmental factors such as saline soil Distribution Area bioclimate, various places saline soil area, salinization intensity and salt have been grouped into obvious difference, are broadly divided into following several.
East marine solonchak and tidal land, comprise the marine solonchak that on the south the Jiangsu to the north of entrance of Changjiang River, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning Zhu Sheng marine solonchak and entrance of Changjiang River, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan etc. are economized.
The saline soil of Huang-Huai-Hai plain, comprises Lower Reaches of The Yellow River, Haihe Plain, the Plain of Huanghua Area, extends across Beijing-Tianjin Hebei, Shandong and Henan and Wan Bei northern Suzhou former.
The saline soil of Northeast plain is maximum with song-Nen plain.
Half unconcerned domestic land solonchak, comprises the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongol, Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia, Hexi Corridor In Gansu, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, china.
The unconcerned border solonchak of blue or green new extreme drought, comprises Tarim Basin In Xinjiang, Turpan Basin and Chaidamu Basin, Qinghai Province.
The environment of each RS in Alkali Region is different, and the emphasis of therefore administering is also not too identical.For coastal half moistening RS in Alkali Region (also known as beach saline land), the main feature of beach saline land: be containing more water soluble salt or alkaline matter.Due to the accumulation of salinity a large amount of in soil, cause the deterioration of a series of soil physical property in saline land; Or clayey saline-alkali soil, its structure viscous, air capacity of soils is bad, and unit weight is high, and soil temperature rises slow, and in soil, aerobic microorganism activity is poor, and nutrients release is slow, and osmotic coefficient is low, and capillarity is strong; Or sandy saline-alkali soil, its field capacity and soil fertility low, it is very high that salinity is extracted in soil saturation, and it is serious that soil evaporation causes the native salinity of table to assemble.
And the saline soil of beach saline land exists and repairs difficult point below: 1) due to by seawater jacking and the impact of pouring in down a chimney, subterranean water level is difficult to control; 2) land formed and the land reclamation age short, soil alkaline degree is serious; 3) Pedotransfer function is serious; 4) lack freshwater resources, the row's of flushing brine source is not enough; 5) soil gleying effect is strong, and water physics proterties is severe; 6) to be rich in nutrient less for soil, and organic fertilizer resource is not enough.
Publication number is the patent " a kind of method of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area " of 102388730A, but, this method is not suitable for the saline soil reparation to beach saline land, mainly because drip irrigation salt make while walking with water this just barren soil nutrient also run off thereupon, and do not carry out nutrient and supplement; " a pipe a line ", drip irrigation pipe consumption is large, there is the wasting of resources; Do not carry out vegetables harvesting, do not produce economic benefit.
Application number 201310407151.4, the patent that name is called " a kind of method accelerated strand barged-in fill nature desalination speed and promote soil quality ", be provided with the gradient wholely, but carry out comprehensive improvement in conjunction with the micro-spray of drip irrigation etc., improvement time is longer.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of synthesis improvement method of saline soil, it can be repaired the saline soil of beach saline land targetedly, shorten improvement time, and can economic benefit be produced, thus eliminate defect in above-mentioned background technology.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A synthesis improvement method for saline soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 200-300kg;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.Mould an arc gentle slope every 5-10 rice, the gradient is 1-6%, and between at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope, excavation has open drain, furrow width 0.5-1 rice, degree of depth 0.3-0.5 rice, open drain head fall 0.5-3%, so that salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, and radius of spray 0.1-1.5 rice (according to pressure adjusting), then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, every mu with kind of a 0.75-2kg, uniform broadcasting, the top, slope avoiding described arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler irrigate, first time irrigate, water after three days second time permeable, water the 3rd time after seven days, backsight soil dry humidity carries out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that the tender tip grows to 20-25cm and gathers, stay 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, plucks and spray foliage fertilizer after 7-10 days, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, again pluck, until before buddingging when the tender tip of branch grows to 15-20cm;
At the beginning of S7,10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, removes plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, in described step S1, organic mineral fertilizer composition is: humic acid 10-20 weight portion, chicken manure 100-120 weight portion, superphosphate 20-25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15-20 weight portion.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, in described step S4, maintenance soil moisture is 60-70%, and namely soil moisture content is 60-70%.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, in described step S4, foliage fertilizer is urea.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, in described step S4, within 1 year, pluck 3-5 time.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First the present invention arranges saline land, digs low raising, moulds an arc gentle slope every 6-10 rice, and the gradient is 1-6%, and between at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope, excavation has open drain, furrow width 0.5-1 rice, degree of depth 0.3-0.5 rice, open drain head fall 0.5-3%.Landform after arrangement is very suitable for the actual conditions of beach saline land, the requirement of Suaeda salsa growth can be met, the effect of physical features can be utilized to be discharged to open drain by salinity leaching, simultaneously, decrease the consumption rotating mini sprinkler, shorten the repair time of saline soil, results Suaeda salsa vegetables, create larger economic benefit.
The present invention lays in the top, slope on arc gentle slope and rotates mini sprinkler, radius of spray 0.1-1.5 rice.Find through inventor's test repeatedly, the rotation mini sprinkler under this condition can cover whole arc gentle slopes.Change traditional " a pipe a line " paving mode, not only reduce the consumption rotating mini sprinkler, and adopt the laying of top, slope to rotate mini sprinkler mode, irrigation water can be formed the trend toward current downflow, be beneficial to and the salinity in saline soil is taken away.
The present invention is directed to the particularity of beach saline land saline soil, simultaneously in conjunction with above-mentioned to saline land arrange after physical features, select plantation Suaeda salsa.As everyone knows, the plant that can carry out planting in saline land is varied, and inventor has also carried out a large amount of tests, have finally chosen Suaeda salsa.
This is because Suaeda salsa is as typical salt-dilution halophyte, a large amount of natural distribution is had at beach saline land, through the Integrated comparative with other halophytess (Herba Atriplicis centralasiaticae, Kochia sieversiana, arrow-leaved oleaster, Chinese tamarisk etc.), its polysalt ability is stronger, and tender leaf can be used as organic vegetable, not only improve saline soil Be very effective, and create considerable economic benefit.
The present invention has specific requirement to Suaeda salsa planting process, such as sow the previous moon, every mu of organic mineral fertilizer using 200-300kg, composition is: humic acid 10-20 weight portion, chicken manure 100-120 weight portion, superphosphate 20-25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15-20 weight portion, this tentatively can improve the environment of beach saline land saline soil, greatly improves the survival rate of Suaeda salsa sowing.Utilize rotation mini sprinkler to irrigate, irrigate and require also very strictly, first time irrigates, water after three days second time permeable, the 3rd time is watered after seven days, and by the humid control of soil at 60-70%, this is because, inventor finds in practice, when adopting above scheme, arc gentle slope there will not be seeping phenomenon, also can be taken away by the salinity of dissolving to greatest extent simultaneously, the more important thing is, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa and growing state optimum.
The present invention grows to 20-25cm at the tender tip of Suaeda salsa and gathers, and stays 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, plucks and sprays foliage fertilizer after 7-10 days, promote that it is nourished and grown, create economic benefit.Meanwhile, at the beginning of 11 months, plant to be planted seed maturity, removes plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.This step is very crucial, especially for the saline land of transformation coastal region.Because inventor finds in long-term practice, if do not processed the plant of Suaeda salsa, be easy to cause the saline land of coastal region to occur that saline and alkaline strengthens further, the difficulty of process can be increased.
In sum, the present invention can repair the saline soil of beach saline land targetedly, shortens improvement time, and can produce economic benefit.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, setting forth the present invention further.
Embodiment 1
A synthesis improvement method for saline soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 200kg, and organic mineral fertilizer composition is: humic acid 10 weight portion, chicken manure 100 weight portion, superphosphate 20 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15 weight portion;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.Mould an arc gentle slope every 5 meters, the gradient is 1%, and between at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope, excavation has open drain, furrow width 0.5 meter, the degree of depth 0.3 meter, open drain head fall 0.5%, so that salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, is 0.1 meter, then carries out permeable pouring according to pressure adjusting radius of spray;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, every mu with kind of a 0.75kg, uniform broadcasting, the top, slope avoiding described arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler irrigate, first time irrigate, water after three days second time permeable, water the 3rd time after seven days, keep soil moisture be 60%, carry out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that the tender tip grows to 20cm and gathers, stay 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, plucks and spray urea after 7 days, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, again pluck when the tender tip of branch grows to 15cm, within 1 year, plucks 5 times, until before buddingging;
At the beginning of S7,10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, removes plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, soil physico-chemical property improves, pH average reduces to 7.8 by 8.8 before transforming, soil salt content reduces to 0.31% by 0.65% before transforming, the bulk density of soil reduces to 1.15 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon also disappears substantially, fertile soil, do not harden, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 80%.
Embodiment 2
A synthesis improvement method for saline soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 250kg, humic acid 15 weight portion, chicken manure 110 weight portion, superphosphate 23 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 18 weight portion;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.Mould an arc gentle slope every 8 meters, the gradient is 4%, and between at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope, excavation has open drain, furrow width 0.8 meter, the degree of depth 0.4 meter, open drain head fall 1.5%, so that salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, and radius of spray 1.0 meters, then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, every mu with kind of a 1.3kg, uniform broadcasting, the top, slope avoiding described arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler irrigate, first time irrigate, water after three days second time permeable, water the 3rd time after seven days, keep soil moisture be 65%, carry out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that the tender tip grows to 23cm and gathers, stay 4 true leaves to cut the tip, plucks and spray urea after 8 days, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, again pluck when the tender tip of branch grows to 18cm, within 1 year, plucks 4 times, until before buddingging;
At the beginning of S7,10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, removes plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, soil physico-chemical property improves, pH average reduces to 7.6 by 8.8 before transforming, soil salt content reduces to 0.28% by 0.65% before transforming, the bulk density of soil reduces to 1.1 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon also disappears substantially, fertile soil, do not harden, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 90%.
Embodiment 3
A synthesis improvement method for saline soil, comprises the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 300kg, humic acid 20 weight portion, chicken manure 120 weight portion, superphosphate 25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 20 weight portion;
S2, whole: to dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon.Mould an arc gentle slope every 10 meters, the gradient is 6%, and between at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope, excavation has open drain, furrow width 1 meter, the degree of depth 0.5 meter, open drain head fall 3%, so that salt solution is discharged;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, according to pressure adjusting radius of spray at 0.1-1.5 rice, then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, every mu with kind of a 2kg, uniform broadcasting, the top, slope avoiding described arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler irrigate, first time irrigate, water after three days second time permeable, water the 3rd time after seven days, keep soil moisture be 70%, carry out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that the tender tip grows to 25cm and gathers, stay 5 true leaves to cut the tip, plucks and spray urea after 10 days, promote that its branch is nourished and grown, again pluck when the tender tip of branch grows to 20cm, within 1 year, plucks about 3 times, until before buddingging;
At the beginning of S7,10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, removes plant after partial exfoliation, both can take away salinity, results seed, can save again sowing in the coming year.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, soil physico-chemical property improves, pH average reduces to 7.6 by 8.8 before transforming, soil salt content reduces to 0.30% by 0.65% before transforming, the bulk density of soil reduces to 1.0 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon also disappears substantially, fertile soil, do not harden, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 87%.
Comparative example 1
According to the patent " a kind of method of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area " that publication number is 102388730A
A, selection of land, whole
Experimental field select Weifang beach saline land, carry out before sowing ploughing, harrowing operation, make topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
B, irrigate band are laid
" a pipe a line " mode of employing is laid in hollow billet irrigate band, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6m, and drip emitter flow-control is at 1L/h;
C, sowing
Sowing time was selected at the beginning of late April to 5 month, and planting patterns is drilling, Suaeda salsa seed was mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, and plant in hollow billet two side areas, distance 10cm, the seeding belt that formation 20cm is wide, seeding quantity controls at 22.5kg/hm
2;
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, each irrigation degree with till adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter overlap, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, germination period drip irrigation is comparatively frequent, and interval is dripped once in 1 day, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, enter seedling growth stage, Seedling Stage extends the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, after Seedling Stage, Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also extends interval gradually.
The present embodiment shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, soil physico-chemical property improves, pH average reduces to 8.1 by 8.8 before transforming, soil salt content reduces to 0.38% by 0.65% before transforming, the bulk density of soil reduces to 1.44 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon also disappears substantially, and soil fertility is not enough, still have the phenomenon that hardens, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 48%.
Comparative example 2
According to application number 201310407151.4, name is called " a kind of method accelerated strand barged-in fill nature desalination speed and promote soil quality ", and step is:; By the mode that two ends are excavated, pad is filled out in centre, people for moulding typical mima type microrelief, hydraulic reclamation < 1 year, 8% < gradient < 13%, hydraulic reclamation 2-3,6% < gradient < 10%; By 12-15g/m
2amount, mixes thoroughly fluffy for alkali seed and fine sand or the fine earth that sieves, broadcasts sowing.
This comparative example shows at Weifang beach saline land improved test, soil physico-chemical property improves, pH average reduces to 8.5 by 8.8 before transforming, soil salt content reduces to 0.40% by 0.65% before transforming, the bulk density of soil reduces to 1.46 by 1.6 before transforming, and ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon also disappears substantially, and soil fertility is not enough, still have the phenomenon that hardens, the survival rate of the follow-up plantation rose of Sharon is to 42%.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and all are based on technical conceive of the present invention, and done structural improvement, all falls among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a synthesis improvement method for saline soil, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
S1, fertilising: every mu of ground is affixed by organic mineral fertilizer 200-300kg;
S2, whole: dig low raising, fertilizer is turned over soil plough horizon, mould an arc gentle slope every 5-10 rice, the gradient is 1-6%, and between at the bottom of the slope on described adjacent arc gentle slope, excavation has open drain, furrow width 0.5-1 rice, degree of depth 0.3-0.5 rice, open drain head fall 0.5-3%;
S3, pipe laying are irrigated: the top, slope on described arc gentle slope is laid and rotated mini sprinkler, and radius of spray 0.1-1.5 rice, then carries out permeable pouring;
S4, sowing Suaeda salsa: sow at the beginning of 3 months, every mu with kind of a 0.75-2kg, uniform broadcasting, the top, slope avoiding described arc gentle slope rotates each 10cm in mini sprinkler both sides, then hugs one time with rake;
S5, irrigation: open described rotation mini sprinkler irrigate, first time irrigate, water after three days second time permeable, water the 3rd time after seven days, backsight soil dry humidity carries out normal management;
S6, picked vegetable: treat that the tender tip grows to 20-25cm and gathers, stay 2-5 sheet true leaf to cut the tip, plucks and spray foliage fertilizer after 7-10 days, again pluck, until before buddingging when the tender tip of branch grows to 15-20cm;
At the beginning of S7,10 the end of month to 11 month, plant to be planted seed maturity, removes plant after partial exfoliation.
2. the synthesis improvement method of a kind of saline soil as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step S1, organic mineral fertilizer composition is: humic acid 10-20 weight portion, chicken manure 100-120 weight portion, superphosphate 20-25 weight portion, ammonium sulfate 15-20 weight portion.
3. the synthesis improvement method of a kind of saline soil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step S4, maintenance soil moisture is 60-70%.
4. the synthesis improvement method of a kind of saline soil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step S4, foliage fertilizer is urea.
5. the synthesis improvement method of a kind of saline soil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step S4, within 1 year, plucks 3-5 time.
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| CN104885756A (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2015-09-09 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Method for comprehensive treatment of crop planting in saline-alkali lands |
| CN104885741A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-09 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for biologically improving hardened and salinized soil through intercropping and interplanting of sainfoin and four-wing saltbush |
| CN104904365A (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2015-09-16 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Method for comprehensively treating saline and alkaline land through combination of irrigation and planting |
| CN105123183A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-12-09 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Method for planting Suaeda salsa on saline-alkali land |
| CN105123215A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-09 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Planting method of edible suaeda salsa on severe solonchak condition |
| CN106105451A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land soil plate and maintaining method thereof |
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| CN109580908A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-04-05 | 西南石油大学 | A method of sodium sulphate salinized soil is improved based on new material |
| CN112293173A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-02 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting suaeda salsa in facility of coastal muddy saline-alkali land and application of suaeda salsa in quality improvement and yield increase |
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