CN104885756A - Method for comprehensive treatment of crop planting in saline-alkali lands - Google Patents
Method for comprehensive treatment of crop planting in saline-alkali lands Download PDFInfo
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- CN104885756A CN104885756A CN201510291748.6A CN201510291748A CN104885756A CN 104885756 A CN104885756 A CN 104885756A CN 201510291748 A CN201510291748 A CN 201510291748A CN 104885756 A CN104885756 A CN 104885756A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 241000586290 Suaeda salsa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract 9
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 9
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000002900 Arthrospira platensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016425 Arthrospira platensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082787 spirulina Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensive treatment of crop planting in saline-alkali lands, which is used for the treatment and the planting in the saline-alkali lands and comprises the steps: (a) irrigation and salt elimination comprise underground salt elimination and ground surface salt elimination which are completed by three steps, wherein the underground salt elimination is firstly carried out for at least three days, the ground surface salt elimination is then carried out, and the underground salt elimination is repeated for 1-3 days at the third step; (b) the planting and salt reduction are realized by that a large area of suaeda salsa is planted, the irrigation and the salt elimination are conducted continuously before sprouting of the suaeda salsa and within two weeks after the sprouting, and the slightly wet irrigation is carried out at an interval when branching of the suaeda salsa is begun till the end of a growth peak period of the suaeda salsa; and (c) the planting of salt-tolerant crops is completed by that the slightly wet irrigation is continued for at least three days through the underground salt elimination, the large-area ground surface salt elimination is conducted for one time quickly, wheat is then seeded, the slightly wet irrigation is continued within one week after the seeding and after the sprouting, large flow irrigation is carried out for one time before the winter, and the slightly wet irrigation is carried out at an interval till the wheat gets ripe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alkaline land improving technical field, be specifically related to a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land and take turns the technology of Planting Crops.
Background technology
Along with deepening continuously of economic development, ecological problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and particularly the soil salination problem of coastal area is more outstanding.The saline land of coastal area has that salinity is high, nutrient is low, proportion and unit weight is large, porosity and the shortcoming such as osmotic coefficient is little, greatly constrains ecological construction and the agricultural production of coastal area.And in area, saline land, freshwater resources famine, irrigation conditions is very limited, is the principal element affecting plant growth.Therefore, improve the ecological problem in area, saline land, fundamentally in the urgent need to address is the thorough improvement problem in saline land.
Salinized soil accounts for 10% of global arable area, makes crop failure more than 20%, and serious not even a blade of grass grows even at all.Due to special geographical conditions, the existing Coastal beach area of our province 1,031 ten thousand mu, accounts for 1/4 of the whole nation, and annual also in continuous increase.But because Coastal beach Soil salinity is higher, freshwater resources lack relatively, current China saline land major part is in uncultivated state, and small part Saline output is also very low.Therefore, carrying out soil melioration to saline land at present, develop saline and alkaline beach agricultural, improve saline land availability, increase economic efficiency, is current coastal area technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Wheat is a kind of requisite a kind of cereal crops, especially for northern area, and wheat is again one of crop that in crops, Saline alkali tolerance is stronger, have in varieties in saline-alkali areas and larger cultivate prospect, the Salt And Alkali Tolerance crops such as plantation wheat are to a certain extent to preventing the varieties in saline-alkali areas accumulation of salt in the surface soil also to have good effect.
Suaeda salsa is a kind of saline alkali tolerant plant, is the raw economic crops of a kind of novel salt, and the Coastal beach saline land that should not be able to grow at common plant is planted.The fluffy nutrient component of alkali is enriched comprehensively, and the protein content of its fresh and tender cauline leaf accounts for 40% of dry matter, and good water solubility, similar with soybean; Containing trace elements such as a large amount of necessary amino acid of human body, vitamin, carotin and Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se in the fluffy cauline leaf of alkali, wherein having many indexs all higher than spirulina, is that a kind of high-quality is edible, health-care vegetable.The fat content of seed (includes CLA up to 36.4%, a kind of high-class healthy product), far above soybean (18.8%), crude fat content is low, be only 3.3%, carbohydrate, raw fiber, crude ash content are respectively 5%, 16.5%, 32.5%.But the fluffy output of alkali is lower under natural conditions, and in alkali fluffy plant body, salt content is higher, affects the palatability in edible process, is also therefore extremely urgent to the requirement of the fluffy high-yield culturing of alkali and the aspect such as best in quality.
And at present in alkaline land improving technology, be all generally by flood irrigation mode salt reduction.Because flood irrigation cost is low, operating process is simple, and institute is adopted by this way in a large number.But flood irrigation very easily causes water resource waste, and draining will cause underground water to rise not in time, causes soil secondary salinization.In order to strengthen salt discharge effect better, a lot of document discloses and uses flood irrigation to add the mode that underground hidden pipe salt discharge combines, and improves salt discharge effect, but still can't resolve the technical problem of waste water resource and salt discharge weak effect.
Micro-profit irrigation is fed water to soil in the mode of slowly permeating with the water of trace, makes a kind of Novel underground irrigation method that soil conservation is moistening.Immunohistochemistry principle is introduced irrigation field by it, with the water absorption course of the penetration theory simulation biological semi-permeable film of semipermeable membrane.On semi-transparent membranous wall, the size in hole allows hydrone to pass through, and does not allow larger micel and solid particle to pass through.When being full of water in micro-profit irrigation pipe, hydrone is by these micropores to tube wall external migration, if pipe is embedded in soil, moisture further to soil mobility, will make ground moistening, play irrigation effect.
Be different from various irrigation methods in the past, micro-profit is irrigated to irrigate continuously as feature, is the Novel irrigation mode that a kind of Modulatory character is very strong.Water absorption course due to plant is a continuous print process, no matter all irrigation methods watered, sprayed in the past, drip irrigation or infiltrating irrigation be batch (-type) and irrigate, all batch (-type) irrigation methods are all difficult to avoid the infiltration of moisture, evaporation and surface runoff, the availability of irrigation water is low, causes the waste of water resource.Therefore in the area that water resource lacks, micro-profit to irrigate with a kind of irrigation method of novel water-saving just approve by increasing people.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the deficiency existed for prior art, there is provided after first one carry out salt reduction improvement to saline land, by alternately plantation salt reduction crop and salt tolerant crop reach the method for saline land being carried out to a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land Planting Crops that plantation is developed and soil melioration combines, in order to solve deficiency of the prior art.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A method for comprehensive regulation saline land Planting Crops, comprises the following steps:
A () irrigates salt discharge: mid-March, by the saline land ridging after deep-cutting, carry out irrigation salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises underground salt discharge and earth's surface salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises three steps, first carry out underground salt discharge at least three days, be included in underground mining micro-profit irrigation method and Local enrichment is carried out to the salinity in soil, use underground hidden pipe to carry out collecting the step reclaimed to salt solution in the region of salt separating/enriching simultaneously; Then carry out earth's surface salt discharge, comprise the saline land after to underground salt discharge, stop micro-profit to irrigate, adopt flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge; Third step repeats the salt discharge of described underground 1 ~ 3 day.
(b) plantation salt reduction: in the first tenday period of a month in April, start establishing in large scale Suaeda salsa, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, Suaeda salsa carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) after starting branch and irrigates, until six, Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase July terminates; Suaeda salsa is rooted out, and then after adopting flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, the plantation Suaeda salsa second season, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, Suaeda salsa carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) after starting branch and irrigates, until the Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase terminates, again pulls out.
(c) plantation salt tolerant crop: again furrow are played to the saline land after plantation salt discharge terminates, the micro-profit of underground salt discharge mode is adopted to irrigate at least 3 days, micro-profit is stopped to irrigate, flood irrigation mode is adopted to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, then in 10 months, the last ten-days period sow wheat, continue to carry out micro-profit within the week after planting and after emerging to irrigate, before entering the winter, carry out a flood irrigate, then after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, carry out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) to irrigate, until wheat is ripe.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, the multiple micro-profit being embedded in underground is adopted to manage during described underground salt discharge and multiple undergrounds hidden pipe carries out simultaneously, described multiple micro-profit pipe and multiple undergrounds hidden pipe and described ridge or furrow be arranged in parallel, described multiple undergrounds hidden pipe and described micro-profit pipe are crisscross arranged, and described underground hidden pipe is arranged on the circumference intersection of adjacent two micro-profit pipes.Preferably, the micro-profit pipe of semipermeable membrane selected by micro-profit pipe, and the diameter of the upper micropore of micro-profit pipe is 10 ~ 900nm, and the distribution density of micropore on micro-profit pipe is 10 ~ 200,000/c ㎡.The tube wall of described underground hidden pipe is evenly provided with multiple recovery holes, and the diameter of recovery holes is 0.1 ~ 1cm.
Present inventor is devoted for years in alkaline land improving and planting technique research, by to the research of several irrigation method and experiment, not only select fresh-water-saving resource and the better micro-profit of irrigation effect is irrigated and added the alkaline land soil mode of ameliorating that underground salt discharge combines, and creatively underground hidden pipe is arranged on the circumference intersection of adjacent two micro-profit pipes, drastically increase salt discharge effect.Because the feature of micro-profit technology is exactly along with micro-profit time lengthening, the wetting layer of micro-profit pipe surrounding soil is more and more thicker, extend outside gradually, it is last that in soil, form one be axle center with micro-profit pipe, along the cylindrical wetting body that the length direction of micro-profit pipe stretches, form a wetted front at the edge of wetting body.And for the area of the salinization of soil, micro-profit irrigate in moisture moving process in, the water of single-way moving carries the salt in soil and moves to the wetted front at wetting body edge, and enrichment near wetted front, salinity in wetting body is reduced gradually, and the soil in wetting body is desalinated, and is conducive to plant growth, and the salinity moving to wetted front in soil between adjacent two micro-profit pipes collects in circumference intersection and is reclaimed by underground hidden pipe, drastically increases salt discharge effect and efficiency.
As the technical scheme improved further, described micro-profit pipe is embedded in the centre of described furrow, and because the crops such as wheat are all planted in furrow, the wetting body formed time micro-like this profit is irrigated just in time is in the below of Crop Root.
As the technical scheme further improved, described multiple undergrounds hidden pipe and described micro-profit pipe are crisscross arranged, and comprise first group of the circumference intersection being arranged on adjacent two micro-profit pipes; Also comprise and being arranged on below described micro-profit pipe, and be positioned to moisten with first group micro-and manage same circumferentially second group.Use underground hidden pipe to reclaim respectively in the adjacent wetted front intersection of two micro-profit pipes and the bottom of wetted front i.e. the abundantest point of salt content, under the prerequisite of not wasting desalination water, further increase salt discharge effect, ensure that irrigation effect.
As the preferred technical scheme of one, the degree of depth that described micro-profit pipe is embedded in underground is 40 ~ 60cm, and often the spacing of adjacent two micro-profit pipes is 100 ~ 120cm, and the spacing of described underground hidden pipe is identical with the spacing of described micro-profit pipe.Adopt so a kind of arrangement mode of optimum, the irrigation effect that micro-profit is irrigated can be ensured, allow the necessary humidity of soil conservation plant growth and growing space, the salinity that can ensure again in soil can concentrate on hidden pipe place, underground to greatest extent and be recovered process, obtains best salt discharge effect.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, after Second Year wheat ripe and harvested, start to continue plantation of taking turns, summer plants Suaeda salsa, pulls out to the first tenday period of a month in October, again in October, the last ten-days period sow wheat.
As the preferred technical scheme of one, when described employing flood irrigation mode carries out the salt discharge of rapid large-area earth's surface, a water consumption is 30 ~ 50m
3/ mu.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, in described irrigation salt discharge, during the micro-profit in the underground salt discharge of third step or before and after emerging is irrigated, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation; During described plantation salt tolerant crop, the micro-profit is after planting irrigated a few days ago, and the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation.So just, can realize water and fertilizer irrigation integration, more save artificial, fertilization effect is also better, and directly fertilising root surrounding in soil, improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
As a kind of technical scheme of further improvement, through a set of saline-water reclamation equipment, the desalination water after desalinating process is carried out to the salt solution reclaimed collected by the hidden pipe of underground and is recycled and reused for irrigation.
As the preferred technical scheme of one, described multiple undergrounds hidden pipe is provided with the gradient of 4 ~ 8 ° according to the flow direction of salt solution.Like this, under the prerequisite substantially not needing power, the salt solution in the hidden pipe of underground can be back in brine pipeline.
As a kind of technical scheme of improvement, outside the tube wall of described micro-profit pipe and underground hidden pipe, be equipped with permeable isolating.Described permeable isolating is preferably the protective layer that non-woven fabrics, sandstone filtrate or other seepy materials are made, and can prevent the micropore of micro-profit pipe and the recovery holes blocking of underground hidden pipe.
As the technical scheme improved further, described at least one, micro-profit pipe neighbouring (namely within described wetting body) is provided with humidity sensor, the motor-operated control valve on described humidity sensor electrical connection irrigation water supply pipe.Such a construction ensures the continuity of micro-profit irrigation and automatically control, using convenient, irrigate more effective.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First the present invention carries out irrigation salt discharge to saline land before comprehensive plantation, first micro-profit irrigation and hidden pipe salt discharge technology are combined dexterously in irrigation technique, for soil irrigation and the improvement in area, saline land, not only fresh-water-saving resource, solve the serious deficient problem of area, saline land freshwater resources, and by micro-profit and underground salt discharge being combined, improve the effect of saline land salt discharge to greatest extent, improve alkaline land improving effect.First step underground salt discharge at least three days are comprised in process, second step carries out earth's surface salt discharge, adopts flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, after third step repeatedly descends three steps irrigation salt discharges of salt discharge, salinity in saline land reduces in a large number, reach planting conditions completely, and then reduce salinity further by plantation salt tolerant and salt reduction crop Suaeda salsa, due to Suaeda salsa in process of growth the salinity in soil can be absorbed autologous in, therefore, after irrigating salt discharge through the plantation of two-wheeled Suaeda salsa and continual micro-profit, in soil, salinity obviously declines, be suitable for completely planting some salt tolerant crops, this time just can plant wheat in the winter time, then take turns again after little wheat harvesting in summer in the coming year to plant Suaeda salsa and wheat, the micro-profit of uninterrupted use irrigates salt discharge simultaneously, this comprehensive regulation improvement saline land, the mode of comprehensive plantation, effectively improve the soil regime in saline land, make it to be suitable for crop-planting, and this mode of taking turns plantation can be improved soil further, the soil of varieties in saline-alkali areas is made to enter a benign cycle, land utilization rate improves greatly, and improve economic benefit, improve environment.
Present inventor is devoted for years in alkaline land improving and planting technique research, by to the research of several irrigation method and experiment, select fresh-water-saving resource and the better micro-profit of irrigation effect is irrigated and added the alkaline land soil mode of ameliorating that underground salt discharge combines, and creatively underground hidden pipe is arranged on the circumference intersection of adjacent two micro-profit pipes, be arranged on the wetted front place of salt separating/enriching, drastically increase salt discharge effect.And select optimum arrangement mode, the irrigation effect that micro-profit is irrigated can be ensured, allow the necessary humidity of soil conservation plant growth and growing space, the salinity that can ensure again in soil can concentrate on hidden pipe place, underground to greatest extent and be recovered process, obtains best salt discharge effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is micro-profit pipe of the present invention and the Rankine-Hugoniot relations schematic diagram of underground hidden pipe in underground;
In figure, 1. micro-profit pipe; 2. underground hidden pipe; 3. wetting body; 4. wetted front; 5. ground level.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.Should be understood that these embodiments are only not used in for illustration of the present invention to limit the scope of the invention.In addition should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally after the content of having read the present invention's instruction.
As shown in Figure 1, multiple micro-profit pipe 1 is crisscross arranged at ground level less than 5 with multiple undergrounds hidden pipe 2, and underground hidden pipe 2 is arranged on first group of the circumference intersection of adjacent two micro-profit pipes 1; Also comprise and being arranged on below described micro-profit pipe 1, and be positioned at same circumferentially second group with micro-profit pipe 1 of first group.Along with micro-profit time lengthening, the wetting layer of micro-profit pipe 1 surrounding soil is more and more thicker, extends outside gradually, and finally in soil, forming one is axle center with micro-profit pipe 1, along the cylindrical wetting body 3 that the length direction on ridge stretches, form a wetted front 4 at the edge of wetting body 3.And for the area of the salinization of soil, micro-profit irrigate in moisture moving process in, the water of single-way moving carries the salt in soil and moves to the wetted front 4 at wetting body edge, and enrichment near wetted front 4, salinity in wetting body 3 is reduced gradually, and the soil in wetting body 3 is desalinated, and is conducive to plant growth, and the salt movement that the soil between adjacent two micro-profit pipes 1 contains is to wetted front 4, and collects in circumference intersection and reclaimed by underground hidden pipe 2.Planting is in the wetting body 3 that micro-profit pipe 1 is formed, and root is in the minimum region of wetting body 3 center salt content.
It is below concrete embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A () irrigates salt discharge: mid-March, bury the saline land after deep-cutting underground micro-profit pipe and underground hidden pipe, ridging, carry out irrigation salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises underground salt discharge and earth's surface salt discharge, and described irrigation salt discharge comprises three steps, first carries out underground salt discharge 4 days, the first step utilizes micro-profit pipe to adopt micro-profit irrigation method to carry out Local enrichment to the salinity in soil in underground, use underground hidden pipe to carry out collection in the region of salt separating/enriching to salt solution simultaneously and reclaim; Second is carried out earth's surface salt discharge, comprises the saline land after to underground salt discharge, stops micro-profit to irrigate, and adopts flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge; Third step repeats the underground salt discharge 2 days of the first step.
(b) plantation salt reduction: in the first tenday period of a month in April, start establishing in large scale Suaeda salsa, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, Suaeda salsa start branch after according to the growth characteristics of soil moisture situation and Suaeda salsa, batch (-type) carries out micro-profit and irrigates, until six, Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase July terminates; Suaeda salsa is rooted out, and then after adopting flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, the plantation Suaeda salsa second season, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, Suaeda salsa carries out micro-profit irrigate according to the growth characteristics of soil moisture and Suaeda salsa, batch (-type) after starting branch, until the Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase terminates, again pulls out.
(c) plantation salt tolerant crop: again furrow are played to the saline land after plantation salt discharge terminates, adopt the micro-profit irrigation of underground salt discharge mode 4 days, micro-profit is stopped to irrigate, flood irrigation mode is adopted to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, then in 10 months, the last ten-days period sow wheat, continue to carry out micro-profit within the week after planting and after emerging to irrigate, before entering the winter, carry out a flood irrigate, then after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, according to the upgrowth situation of soil moisture situation and wheat, batch (-type) carries out micro-profit and irrigates, until wheat is ripe.The per mu yield calculating wheat is 450 kilograms.
Embodiment 2
A () irrigates salt discharge: mid-March, bury the saline land after deep-cutting underground micro-profit pipe and underground hidden pipe, ridging, carry out irrigation salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises underground salt discharge and earth's surface salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises three steps, the first step carries out underground salt discharge 5 days, at underground mining micro-profit irrigation method, Local enrichment is carried out to the salinity in soil, use underground hidden pipe to carry out collection in the region of salt separating/enriching to salt solution to reclaim simultaneously, the multiple micro-profit being embedded in underground is adopted to manage and multiple undergrounds hidden pipe carries out simultaneously, described multiple micro-profit pipe and multiple undergrounds hidden pipe and described ridge or furrow be arranged in parallel, described multiple undergrounds hidden pipe and described micro-profit pipe are crisscross arranged, and described underground hidden pipe is arranged on the circumference intersection of adjacent two micro-profit pipes, the degree of depth that micro-profit pipe is embedded in underground is 50cm, and often the spacing of adjacent two micro-profit pipes is 110cm, and second step carries out earth's surface salt discharge, to the saline land after the salt discharge of underground, stop micro-profit to irrigate, adopt flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, water consumption is 40m
3/ mu, third step repeats the salt discharge of described underground 2 days.
(b) plantation salt reduction: in the first tenday period of a month in April, start establishing in large scale Suaeda salsa, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation, Suaeda salsa start branch after according to the growth characteristics of soil moisture situation and Suaeda salsa, batch (-type) carries out micro-profit and irrigates, until six, Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase July terminates; Suaeda salsa is rooted out, and then after adopting flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, water consumption is 40m
3/ mu, the plantation Suaeda salsa second season, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation, Suaeda salsa carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) after starting branch and irrigates, until the Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase terminates, again pulls out.
(c) plantation salt tolerant crop: again furrow are played to the saline land after plantation salt discharge terminates, adopt the micro-profit irrigation of underground salt discharge mode 4 days, to detection soil, salt content is below 0.6wt%, micro-profit is stopped to irrigate, adopt flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, water consumption is 40m
3/ mu, then in 10 months, the last ten-days period sow wheat, continue to carry out micro-profit within the week after planting and after emerging and irrigate, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation, and before entering the winter, carry out a flood irrigate, water consumption is 40m
3/ mu, then after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) and irrigates, until wheat is ripe, calculating wheat per mu yield is 520 kilograms.
Embodiment 3
A () irrigates salt discharge: mid-March, bury the saline land after deep-cutting underground underground hidden pipe and micro-profit pipe, ridging, carry out irrigation salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises underground salt discharge and earth's surface salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises three steps, first underground salt discharge 6 days is carried out, be included in underground mining micro-profit irrigation method and Local enrichment is carried out to the salinity in soil, use underground hidden pipe to carry out collecting the step reclaimed to salt solution in the region of salt separating/enriching simultaneously, concrete employing is embedded in the multiple micro-profit pipe of underground and multiple undergrounds hidden pipe carries out simultaneously, described multiple micro-profit pipe and multiple undergrounds hidden pipe and described ridge or furrow be arranged in parallel, described multiple undergrounds hidden pipe and described micro-profit pipe are crisscross arranged, and described underground hidden pipe is arranged on the circumference intersection of adjacent two micro-profit pipes, the degree of depth that micro-profit pipe is embedded in underground is 55cm, and often the spacing of adjacent two micro-profit pipes is 120cm, then carries out earth's surface salt discharge, comprise the saline land after to underground salt discharge, stop micro-profit to irrigate, adopt flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, water consumption is 50m
3/ mu, third step repeats the salt discharge of described underground 1 day.
(b) plantation salt reduction: in the first tenday period of a month in April, start establishing in large scale Suaeda salsa, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation, Suaeda salsa start branch after according to the growth characteristics of soil moisture situation and Suaeda salsa, batch (-type) carries out micro-profit and irrigates, until six, Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase July terminates; Suaeda salsa is rooted out, and then after adopting flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, water consumption is 30 ~ 50m
3/ mu, the plantation Suaeda salsa second season, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation, Suaeda salsa carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) after starting branch and irrigates, until the Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase terminates, again pulls out.
(c) plantation salt tolerant crop: again furrow are played to the saline land after plantation salt discharge terminates, the micro-profit of underground salt discharge mode is adopted to irrigate at least 3 days, to detection soil, salt content is below 0.6wt%, micro-profit is stopped to irrigate, adopt flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, water consumption is 50m
3/ mu, then in 10 months, the last ten-days period sow wheat, continue to carry out micro-profit within the week after planting and after emerging and irrigate, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation, and before entering the winter, carry out a flood irrigate, water consumption is 50m
3/ mu, then after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) and irrigates, until wheat is ripe, calculating per mu yield is 500 kilograms.
Claims (9)
1. a method for comprehensive regulation saline land Planting Crops, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A () irrigates salt discharge: mid-March, by the saline land ridging after deep-cutting, carry out irrigation salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises underground salt discharge and earth's surface salt discharge, described irrigation salt discharge comprises three steps, first carry out underground salt discharge at least three days, be included in underground mining micro-profit irrigation method and Local enrichment is carried out to the salinity in soil, use underground hidden pipe to carry out collecting the step reclaimed to salt solution in the region of salt separating/enriching simultaneously; Then carry out earth's surface salt discharge, comprise the saline land after to underground salt discharge, stop micro-profit to irrigate, adopt flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge; Third step repeats the salt discharge of described underground 1 ~ 3 day;
(b) plantation salt reduction: in the first tenday period of a month in April, start establishing in large scale Suaeda salsa, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, Suaeda salsa carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) after starting branch and irrigates, until six, Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase July terminates; Suaeda salsa is rooted out, and then after adopting flood irrigation mode to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, the plantation Suaeda salsa second season, within two week before Suaeda salsa is emerged and after emerging, continue to use micro-profit to irrigate the soil irrigation salt discharge around Suaeda salsa seedling, Suaeda salsa carries out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) after starting branch and irrigates, until the Suaeda salsa summit of growth phase terminates, again pulls out;
(c) plantation salt tolerant crop: again furrow are played to the saline land after plantation salt discharge terminates, the micro-profit of underground salt discharge mode is adopted to irrigate at least 3 days, micro-profit is stopped to irrigate, flood irrigation mode is adopted to carry out a rapid large-area earth's surface salt discharge, then in 10 months, the last ten-days period sow wheat, continue to carry out micro-profit within the week after planting and after emerging to irrigate, before entering the winter, carry out a flood irrigate, then after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, carry out micro-profit according to soil moisture situation batch (-type) to irrigate, until wheat is ripe.
2. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land as claimed in claim 1 Planting Crops, it is characterized in that: adopt the multiple micro-profit being embedded in underground to manage during described underground salt discharge and multiple salt discharge hidden pipe carries out simultaneously, described multiple micro-profit pipes and multiple salt discharge hidden pipe and described ridge or furrow be arranged in parallel, described multiple salt discharge hidden pipe and described micro-profit pipe are crisscross arranged, and described salt discharge hidden pipe is arranged on the circumference intersection of adjacent two micro-profit pipes.
3. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land as claimed in claim 2 Planting Crops, is characterized in that: described micro-profit pipe is embedded in the centre of described furrow.
4. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land as claimed in claim 2 Planting Crops, is characterized in that: described multiple salt discharge hidden pipe and described micro-profit pipe are crisscross arranged, and comprises first group of the circumference intersection being arranged on adjacent two micro-profit pipes; Also comprise and being arranged on below described micro-profit pipe, and be positioned to moisten with first group micro-and manage same circumferentially second group.
5. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land as claimed in claim 2 Planting Crops, it is characterized in that: the degree of depth that described micro-profit pipe is embedded in underground is 40 ~ 60cm, often the spacing of adjacent two micro-profit pipes is 100 ~ 120cm, and the spacing of described salt discharge hidden pipe is identical with the spacing of described micro-profit pipe.
6. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land as claimed in claim 1 Planting Crops, it is characterized in that: after Second Year wheat ripe and harvested, start to continue plantation of taking turns, continue plantation Suaeda salsa summer, pull out to the first tenday period of a month in October, again in October, the last ten-days period sow wheat.
7. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land as claimed in claim 1 Planting Crops, is characterized in that: when described employing flood irrigation mode carries out the salt discharge of rapid large-area earth's surface, a water consumption is 30 ~ 50m
3/ mu.
8. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land Planting Crops as described in claim as arbitrary in claim 1 to 7, is characterized in that: in described irrigation salt discharge, and in the underground salt discharge of third step, the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation; During described plantation salt tolerant crop, the micro-profit is after planting irrigated a few days ago, and the liquid fertilizer that simultaneously adulterates in irrigation water carries out fertigation.
9. the method for a kind of comprehensive regulation saline land as claimed in claim 8 Planting Crops, is characterized in that: carry out the desalination water after desalinating process to the salt solution reclaimed collected by the hidden pipe of underground through a set of saline-water reclamation equipment and be recycled and reused for irrigation.
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