CN104145791B - Spinach organic ecological soilless culture method - Google Patents
Spinach organic ecological soilless culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145791B CN104145791B CN201410374872.4A CN201410374872A CN104145791B CN 104145791 B CN104145791 B CN 104145791B CN 201410374872 A CN201410374872 A CN 201410374872A CN 104145791 B CN104145791 B CN 104145791B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses spinach organic ecological soilless culture method, comprise the following steps: (1) prepares matrix; (2) seeding and seedling raising; (3) thinning; (4) later maintenance.Wherein, described preparation matrix is by the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk and vermiculite by volume for after mixing, then adds chicken manure and each 15kg and 8kg of cake fertilizer by every cubic metre and carry out 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 and mix.The present invention can reduce the production cost of spinach, reduces the pollution to environment, improves the yield and quality of spinach simultaneously, is applicable to China's national situation, meets the ecological agriculture and recycling economy development direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of vegetable crop High yield, relate to a kind of spinach organic ecological soilless culture method specifically.
Background technology
Soilless culture is fertile with itself intrinsic joint, water saving, laborsaving, economize medicine, high yield, the advantage such as of fine quality, clean, become the important content of facilities horticulture and the principal mode of horticultural crop factorial praluction.But the nutrient solution soilless culture method production cost of application is very high usually, and be difficult to solve to the pollution problem of environment.And organic ecological soilless culture technology replaces soil with Different Stroma, nutrition liquid irrigation root system of plant that also need not be traditional, but directly add with organic solid-state fertilizer a kind of cultivation technique without soil that clear water impels plant growth.Its advantage is very outstanding, namely improves the yield and quality of crop, reduces pesticide dosage, water saving saves fertilizer, the pure health of product, saves both labour and money, uncultivated area can be utilized to produce vegetables etc.Therefore, yield of vegetables, oil recovery enhancement can be improved by this technology, produce the vegetables of high-quality even " organic vegetable ", reduce environmental pollution simultaneously.
Spinach (SpinaciaoleraceaL.) belongs to Chenopodiaceae spinach and belongs to, and extensively planting in China town and country spring, autumn, season in winter 3, is a kind of important green vegetable of China and export vegetable.Spinach high nutritive value, is rich in vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, carotin, protein, folic acid, and the mineral matters such as Yi Jitie, calcium, phosphorus, are described as " kings in vegetables " by Arabic.But spinach is as a kind of leaf vegetables, very easily accumulate nitrate and oxalic acid, nitrate can make people suffer from methemoglobinemia after taking in human body.Meanwhile, nitrate is the precursor of Carcinogenic Nitrosamines, easily brings out digestion canceration.And oxalic acid is a kind of antinutritional factor, the validity of mineral element calcium, magnesium and zinc etc. can not only be affected, and easily cause calcium oxalate kidney stone.In Conventional process, applying in a large number of nitrogenous fertilizer makes nitrate content severe overweight in spinach.But go back the effective implantation methods of neither one at present and can overcome traditional field planting spinach, in a large amount of, apply the problem that nitrogenous fertilizer produces nitrate content severe overweight.
Therefore, set up a set of spinach high yield, high-quality and efficient soilless culture method seems very necessary and important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of spinach organic ecological soilless culture method.This method adopts organic ecological soilless culture method, effectively can reduce chemical fertilizer, especially the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, thus significantly can reduce the nitrate content of vegetables, improves other index of quality of vegetables simultaneously.
For solving the problem, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of spinach organic ecological soilless culture method, comprises the following steps:
1) matrix is prepared: be after 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix by the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk by volume with vermiculite, chicken manure is added again and each 15kg and 8kg of cake fertilizer mixes by every cubic metre, obtain matrix, and matrix is inserted in substrate grooves respectively;
2) seeding and seedling raising: select spinach seed of the same size, first carries out surface sterilization 10min with the liquor natrii hypochloritis that volume fraction is 5%, and after fully rinsing by deionized water, by planting seed in substrate grooves; Wherein, seeding quantity is 3.0 ~ 5.0kg/667m
2;
3) thinning: carry out thinning when seedling grows to 2 ~ 3 true leaves, spacing in the rows is 5 ~ 8cm;
4) later maintenance: comprise to carry out after thinning water, apply fertilizer, the extermination of disease and insect pest, wherein, described in water and to water depending on water supply in media situation, every 3d soil moisture content quick analyser checks water supply in media situation, keeps Relative water content 70 ~ 80%;
Described fertilising adopts on a small quantity repeatedly, the mode of split application, and thinning terminates rear organic vegetable special fertilizer and topdresses, and by every m
3matrix adds 2kg organic vegetable special fertilizer, regards as thing growing state later and topdresses 2 ~ 3 times; The described extermination of disease and insect pest is that each cultivating groove arranges 2 trapping points with fly paper trapping Liriomyza adult; Eliminate aphis that times liquid spraying is anti-eliminates aphis with mass fraction to be 1% matrine vegetable insecticide be by volume 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid are anti-; Be 3000 times of liquid spraying control Liriomyzas by volume with the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate that mass fraction is 1.8%; Containing the phase at beet armyworm egg hatching, is 200 times of liquid bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil spraying controls by volume ratio; Prevent virus diseases with the capsicum water that mass fraction is 0.5%; With the solution that copper sulphate, quicklime, water are 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 200 in mass ratio, spray 2 ~ 3 times continuously and control fungal disease.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, the matrix in substrate grooves irrigates in sowing first 1 day use water.
Above-mentioned steps 1) described in wood sawdust and rice husk become thoroughly decomposed through high temperature, and vermiculite is placed in volume fraction be 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis soak 30 minutes after and rinse well with clear water, then by the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk and vermiculite by volume 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix;
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, it is after the potassium permanganate liquid mixing sterilization of 0.1% that matrix is placed in mass fraction, then tiles in substrate grooves.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, the tiling thickness of matrix is 25 ~ 30cm.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, keep seedling spacing in the rows to be 5 ~ 8cm after spinach thinning.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, instant invention overcomes traditional soilless culture method production cost high, to shortcomings such as environments.The matrix of organic ecological soilless culture is based on organic matter, and fertilizer is fertilizer mainly, does not water nutrient solution, and irrigates with clear water.
2, the present invention well solves the problem of nutrient solution soilless culture, can significantly improve Quality and biomass of vegetables simultaneously.
3, this method is easy and simple to handle, wide adaptability, can produce high-quality product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is different planting to the effect diagram of spinach output and commodity amount;
Note: capital and small letter English alphabet represent respectively same index under three kinds of cultivation conditions through LSD method of analysis of variance inspection difference pole significance level (P<0.01) and significance level (P<0.05), below all with.Amount to per unit area yield with every 667m
2calculate by 25000 strains and obtain.Conventional substrate composition and proportioning are Dao Ke ︰ sawdust=3 ︰ 1, use organic-inorganic and coordinate fertile.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
1. cultivating groove
Fragment of brick is selected to make cultivating groove, groove width 50cm, height 35cm, separation 70cm, first code good one deck brick when doing groove, the sealed polyethylene plastic that layer overlay is thicker again and soil are isolated, and film two ends are pressed between first and second pieces of bricks, film are filled out the thick slag of 5cm thick diameter 2cm size, then clean woven bag is covered, the more two-layer brick of code.
2. cultivation matrix
Matrix selects rice husk, wood sawdust, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, and the above two are stand-by after high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed, vermiculite volume fraction be 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis soak 30min after rinse well with clear water stand-by.1d prior to seeding, irrigates matrix with water.Adding the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk in each cultivating groove is that 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix with vermiculite volume ratio, and (degree of depth is 25cm), adds 15kg/m simultaneously
3sterilization chicken manure and 10kg/m
3organic soilless cultivation dedicated fertilizer and 8kg/m
3cake fertilizer, obtain matrix, it is after the potassium permanganate liquid mixing sterilization of 0.1% that matrix is placed in mass fraction, then tiles in substrate grooves.
3. drip irrigation facility
Independently water system set up by each production canopy, every furrow 1 ~ 2 diameter 1.5cm, plastics drip irrigation hose every 30cm mono-hole.The wide 40cm plastic film in drip irrigation pipe upper berth.Production in summer vegetables do not take off film, and the megathermal period adds a cover sunshade net.
4. nurturing staff and thinning
Select spinach seed of the same size, after the volume fraction liquor natrii hypochloritis that is 5% carries out 10min surface sterilization, disseminate in substrate grooves.When seedling grows to 2 ~ 3 true leaves, carry out thinning, spacing in the rows is 5 ~ 8cm.
5. scientific management measure
5.1 control to water.Before sowing, matrix irrigates by 1d, after having sowed, waters immediately.Backsight matrix situation cadmium sky waters 1 water, when after emerging, plant strain growth is to 4 true leaves, 1d waters 1 water, when summer, temperature was higher, 1d waters 2 times, respectively in the morning 9: 00 ~ 10: 00 and afternoon about 5: 00, and can irrigation time be extended, grasp flexibly with backsight weather condition, matrix situation, Plant status.The general cloudy day does not water, and winter will control confluent.Notice that every 3d checks a water supply in media situation, keep Relative water content 70 ~ 80%.
5.2 fertilising.Every m during mixed-matrix
3mix organic soilless cultivation special fertilizer 10kg as base manure.For ensureing that crop is in best fertilizer environment within whole breeding time, nutrient supply adopts on a small quantity repeatedly, the way of split application.Start after thinning 3d to apply fertilizer with organic fertilizer.
The present invention is suitable for the various genotype of spinach.
Illustrate for " Japan great Ye spinach in spring and autumn " kind, spinach organic ecological soilless culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare matrix: select the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk and vermiculite as matrix, wherein wood sawdust and rice husk are stand-by after high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed, vermiculite volume fraction be rinse well with clear water after 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis soaks 30min stand-by.By four by volume 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix, then by every m
3add chicken manure and each 15kg and 8kg of cake fertilizer mixes, fully namely obtain matrix after mixing, with the potassium permanganate liquid that mass fraction is 0.1%, matrix is carried out disinfection.Matrix is tiled to respectively in substrate grooves and seedling-growing container, wherein, ensure that the stromal thickness in each substrate grooves is 25 ~ 30cm.Before sowing, 1d water irrigates matrix.
(2) seeding and seedling raising: select spinach seed of the same size, is first that 5% liquor natrii hypochloritis carries out surface sterilization 10min by volume fraction, and after fully rinsing by deionized water, is broadcast in substrate grooves by seed.Seeding quantity is 3.0 ~ 5.0kg/667m
2.
(3) thinning: carry out thinning when seedling grows to 2 ~ 3 true leaves, spacing in the rows is 5 ~ 8cm.
(4) later maintenance: 1. science is watered, waters depending on water supply in media situation, and every 3d soil moisture content quick analyser checks water supply in media situation, keeps Relative water content 70 ~ 80%.2. apply fertilizer, for ensureing that crop is in best fertilizer environment within whole breeding time, nutrient supply adopts on a small quantity repeatedly, the way of split application.The organic vegetable special fertilizer (patent No. is ZL200710114734) that thinning terminates the production of rear Linyi City Rong Kun ecological agriculture Co., Ltd topdresses, by every m
3matrix adds 2kg organic vegetable special fertilizer, regards as thing growing state later and topdresses 2 ~ 3 times.3. the extermination of disease and insect pest, for several damage by disease and insect sent out normal on spinach, adopts several diverse ways to prevent and treat: with fly paper trapping Liriomyza adult, each cultivating groove arranges 2 trapping points; Being that 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid are anti-by volume with the matrine vegetable insecticide that mass fraction is 1% eliminates aphis that times liquid spraying is anti-eliminates aphis; Be 3000 times of liquid spraying control Liriomyzas by volume with the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate that mass fraction is 1.8%; Containing the phase at beet armyworm egg hatching, is 200 times of liquid bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil spraying controls by volume ratio.Prevent virus diseases with the capsicum water that mass fraction is 0.5%; With the solution that copper sulphate, quicklime, water are 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 200 in mass ratio, spray 2 ~ 3 times continuously and control fungal disease.The spinach Yield and qualities of cultivation method plantation of the present invention is all improved largely.
Concrete implementation result is:
Different planting is on the impact (see Fig. 1) of spinach biomass, commodity amount; Different planting is to nitrate content, Soluble oxalate content and Vitamin C content (see table 1) in Spinach Leaf.
Table 1. different planting is on the impact of quality of spinach
Claims (6)
1. a spinach organic ecological soilless culture method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) matrix is prepared: be after 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix by the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk by volume with vermiculite, chicken manure is added again and each 15kg and 8kg of cake fertilizer mixes by every cubic metre, obtain matrix, and matrix is inserted in substrate grooves respectively;
2) seeding and seedling raising: select spinach seed of the same size, first carries out surface sterilization 10min with the liquor natrii hypochloritis that volume fraction is 5%, and after fully rinsing by deionized water, by planting seed in substrate grooves; Wherein, seeding quantity is 3.0 ~ 5.0kg/667m
2;
3) thinning: carry out thinning when seedling grows to 2 ~ 3 true leaves, spacing in the rows is 5 ~ 8cm;
4) later maintenance: comprise to carry out after thinning water, apply fertilizer, the extermination of disease and insect pest, wherein, described in water and to water depending on water supply in media situation, every 3d soil moisture content quick analyser checks water supply in media situation, keeps Relative water content 70 ~ 80%;
Described fertilising adopts on a small quantity repeatedly, the mode of split application, and thinning terminates rear organic vegetable special fertilizer and topdresses, and by every m
3matrix adds 2kg organic vegetable special fertilizer, regards as thing growing state later and topdresses 2 ~ 3 times; The described extermination of disease and insect pest is that each cultivating groove arranges 2 trapping points with fly paper trapping Liriomyza adult; Be that the spraying of 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid is anti-by volume with the matrine vegetable insecticide that mass fraction is 1% to eliminate aphis; With mass fraction to be 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate be by volume 3000 times of liquid spraying control Liriomyzas; Containing the phase at beet armyworm egg hatching, is 200 times of liquid bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil spraying controls by volume ratio; Prevent virus diseases with the capsicum water that mass fraction is 0.5%; With the solution that copper sulphate, quicklime, water are 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 200 in mass ratio, spray 2 ~ 3 times continuously and control fungal disease.
2. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, the matrix in substrate grooves irrigates in sowing first 1 day use water.
3. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described step 1) described in wood sawdust and rice husk become thoroughly decomposed through high temperature, and vermiculite to be placed in volume fraction be after 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis soaks 30 minutes and rinse well with clear water, then by the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk and vermiculite by volume 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix.
4. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, it is after the potassium permanganate liquid mixing sterilization of 0.1% that matrix is placed in mass fraction, then tiles in substrate grooves.
5. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described step 1) in, the tiling thickness of matrix is 25 ~ 30cm.
6. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described step 3) in, keep seedling spacing in the rows to be 5 ~ 8cm after spinach thinning.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104396709B (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2017-02-08 | 启东翔龙旅游开发有限公司 | Soilless cultivation method of organic spinach |
| CN104584822B (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2017-01-25 | 和县宝兰蔬菜种植有限公司 | Planting method of summer spinach |
| CN104529664A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-22 | 张金林 | Vegetable culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105248114A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-20 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Cultivation method of overwintering spinach |
| CN106472277A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 紫云自治县澄明农业投资有限责任公司 | A kind of water planting method for culturing seedlings of Herba Spinaciae |
| CN106561211A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Planting method for reducing content of oxalic acid in spinach |
| CN106879336A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-23 | 红河道地中药材开发有限公司 | The method for culturing seedlings of P. kingianum stem tuber |
| CN109729957A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-10 | 上海泾茗农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of vegetable cultivation soil and its implantation methods |
| CN109769623A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-21 | 丹阳市陵口镇漕塘土地股份专业合作社 | A kind of spinach compost |
| CN107853130A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-30 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of green non-pollution spinach soilless culture substrate |
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