CN104396709B - Soilless cultivation method of organic spinach - Google Patents
Soilless cultivation method of organic spinach Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396709B CN104396709B CN201410664603.1A CN201410664603A CN104396709B CN 104396709 B CN104396709 B CN 104396709B CN 201410664603 A CN201410664603 A CN 201410664603A CN 104396709 B CN104396709 B CN 104396709B
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- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000751139 Beauveria bassiana Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001287 Guettarda speciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001212228 Sesbania drummondii Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001671204 Stemona Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001093951 Ailanthus altissima Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061520 Angelica archangelica Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000125175 Angelica Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000425037 Toona sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a soilless cultivation method of organic spinach. The soilless cultivation method comprises the following steps: preparation of a culture substrate; seed treatment and seedling; seedling management; planting and planting post-management; harvesting. According to the soilless cultivation method of organic spinach provided by the invention, the operation is simple, water and fertilizers are saved, and the cultured spinach is abundant in content of nutrient content, pollution-free, high in yield and high in benefit.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, it is specifically related to a kind of soilless culture of organic spinach
Method.
Background technology：
Vegetables are requisite non-staple food in people's daily life, are to maintain health to be musted
The main source of the vitamin, mineral matter and dietary fiber of palpus.Enter 21 century, century vegetable
Dish consumption figure is average annual to increase by more than 5%.
Spinach, also known as spinach, Persian grass.Spinach contains vitamin A, Cobastab, dimension life
Plain C, vitamin D, carrotene, protein, iron, phosphorus, oxalic acid etc., are provided that human body
Material necessary to health, is therefore extensively planted.Spinach belongs to herbaceous plant, plant ratio
Shorter, fruit delicacy succulence, these result in it and are easily attacked by pest and disease damage and microorganism,
Therefore in planting process easily using a large amount of agricultural chemicals so that the security of spinach is on the hazard.
Content of the invention：
In order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of soilless culture side of organic spinach
Method.The organic spinach that the present invention provides, nutrient composition content enriches, non agricultural chemical residuum, yield
High.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix, matrix components mainly include vermiculite, sawdust, bean cake,
Fermentable bacterium；
(2) Seed Treatment and nursery；
(3) seedling management, main inclusion compounding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(4) it is colonized and manages after being colonized, mainly include temperature, humidity, illumination management.
Preferred as technique scheme, a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach, step
(1) described cultivation matrix is in parts by weight, composed of the following components：
Vermiculite 10-12 part, sawdust 5-10 part,
Bean cake 8-10 part, fermentable bacterium 2-5 part.
Preferred as technique scheme, a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach, step
(1) described cultivation matrix is in parts by weight, composed of the following components：
12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of sawdust,
10 parts of bean cake, 3 parts of fermentable bacterium.
Preferred as technique scheme, a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach, step
(3) compound method of described nutrient solution is as follows：
1) tree-of-heaven leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona and rattlebush are smashed to pieces and be transferred in beaker, add 98%
Ethanol solution, be warming up to 30-45 DEG C, in the state of 8000-10000 rev/min stir 2-3h；
2) it is filtered to remove waste residue, obtains extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50
Times, obtain the extract diluting；
3) bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 180-200 times, with step 2)
The extract mixing and stirring of the dilution obtaining, obtains nutrient solution.
Preferred as technique scheme, in described compounding method, step (1) is smelly
Chinese toon leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona, the mass ratio of rattlebush are 1:3:2:5.
, in described compounding method step 1 preferred as technique scheme) in stir
Rotating speed when mixing is 8500 revs/min.
Preferred as technique scheme, step 3 in described compounding method) described
Bacillus thruingensis, the mass ratio of beauveria bassiana are 3:1.
Preferred as technique scheme, step 3 in described compounding method) middle general
Bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana deionized water dilute 185 times.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
The present invention adopt cultivation technique without soil cultivation organic spinach so that the yield of organic spinach and
Quality all greatly improves, and in the course of cultivation not using any agricultural chemicals or artificial synthesized fertilizer
Material, plant growth regulator are so that the spinach after cultivating is nontoxic, safe.Cultivating
Cheng Zhong, the present invention takes the mixed nutrient solution of Chinese herbal medicine and humic acid, has both been supplied to spinach growth
Required nutrient, enhances the resistance of spinach again, reduces the pest and disease damage of spinach.
Specific embodiment：
For a better understanding of the present invention, below by several embodiments to the present invention further
Bright, embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, will not constitute any restriction to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.By 10 parts of vermiculites, 5 parts of sawdusts, 8 parts of bean cake mixing
Uniformly, pile up, 2 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted by deionized water, are uniformly sprayed at accumulation
On thing, stir in sprinkling, after mixing, cover breathable film, ferment 30h, fermentation
During temperature do not exceed 50 DEG C, period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation finishes, at sun bottom
Under be exposed to the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach；
(2) Seed Treatment and nursery.First with after 30 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10%
Tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 20min, last water seed soaking 3h, so can kill most germs.
Dipped spinach seed is rinsed 1-2 time, is wrapped with wet gauze, be placed in 25 DEG C of insulating boxs and urge
Bud, daily sooner or later respectively with room temperature identical clean water 1 time, can sprout after 1-2 days.
Ready matrix is transferred to the seedlings nursing plate (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, matrix is sprayed water
Process, after water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently pour a water, most of seed 2-3d
Can germinate, have is 4d；
(3) seedling management, main inclusion compounding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.A. by 1 part
Tree-of-heaven leaf, 3 parts of roots of Dahurain angelica, 2 parts of tubers of stemona and 5 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add
98% ethanol solution, is warming up to 30 DEG C, stirs 2h in the state of 8000 revs/min；b.
It is filtered to remove waste residue, obtains extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtains
Extract to dilution；C. by 3 parts of bacillus thruingensis, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water dilution
180 times, the extract of the dilution being obtained with step (2) is mixed, and adds 2 parts of humic acids
Stir, obtain nutrient solution.Enter the nutrient solution preparing periodically to the spinach seedling cultivated
Row sprays, daily 2-3 time, can again may be used to the nutrition required for the offer growth of spinach seedling
Pre- preventing disease and pest.
(4) it is colonized and manages after being colonized, mainly include temperature, humidity, illumination management.With
The culture matrix preparing is production matrix, and every mu of greenhouse consumption is 30m3, and accurate
Standby 1m width, the thick breathable plastics film of 0.12mm, make cultivating bag.Plantation density：Plant
Away from 30cm × 60cm.The temperature in greenhouse is controlled, day temperature is 25 DEG C about after field planting,
Nocturnal temperature is 20 DEG C about, and surface temperature is stablized at 23 DEG C.Air humidity is maintained at 80%
Left and right, the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catch an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives daily
The long illumination of 10h.
Cultivated using above-mentioned steps, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 2
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.12 parts of vermiculites, 10 parts of sawdusts, 10 parts of bean cakes are mixed
Close uniformly, pile up, 5 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted by deionized water, are uniformly sprayed at heap
On long-pending thing, stir in sprinkling, after mixing, cover breathable film, ferment 40h, sends out
During ferment, temperature does not exceed 50 DEG C, and period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation finishes, in the sun
The beneath cultivation matrix being exposed to the sun, obtaining organic spinach；
(2) Seed Treatment and nursery.First with after 45 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10%
Tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 10min, last water seed soaking 4h, so can kill most germs.
Dipped spinach seed is rinsed 1-2 time, is wrapped with wet gauze, be placed in 30 DEG C of insulating boxs and urge
Bud, the daily morning and evening, respectively with rinsing 1 time with room temperature identical clear water, can sprout after 1-2 days.
Ready matrix is transferred to the seedlings nursing plate (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, matrix is sprayed water
Process, after water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently pour a water, most of seed 2-3d
Can germinate, have is 4d；
(3) seedling management, main inclusion compounding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.A. by 2 parts
Tree-of-heaven leaf, 6 parts of roots of Dahurain angelica, 4 parts of tubers of stemona and 10 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add
98% ethanol solution, is warming up to 45 DEG C, stirs 3h in the state of 10000 revs/min；b.
It is filtered to remove waste residue, obtains extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtains
Extract to dilution；C. by 3 parts of bacillus thruingensis, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water dilution
200 times, the extract of the dilution being obtained with step (2) is mixed, and adds 3 parts of humic acids
Stir, obtain nutrient solution.Enter the nutrient solution preparing periodically to the spinach seedling cultivated
Row sprays, daily 2-3 time, can again may be used to the nutrition required for the offer growth of spinach seedling
Pre- preventing disease and pest；
(4) it is colonized and manages after being colonized, mainly include temperature, humidity, illumination management.With
The culture matrix preparing is production matrix, and every mu of greenhouse consumption is 30m3, and accurate
Standby 1.2m width, the thick opalescent plastic film of 0.12mm, make cultivating bag.Plantation density：Strain
Line-spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature in greenhouse is controlled, day temperature is 25 DEG C of left sides after field planting
The right side, nocturnal temperature is 20 DEG C about, and surface temperature is stablized at 23 DEG C.Air humidity is maintained at
80% about, the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catch an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives daily
Give the long illumination of 12h.
Cultivated using above-mentioned steps, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 3
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.By 11 parts of vermiculites, 6 parts of sawdusts, 9 parts of bean cake mixing
Uniformly, pile up, 3 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted by deionized water, are uniformly sprayed at accumulation
On thing, stir in sprinkling, after mixing, cover breathable film, ferment 32h, fermentation
During temperature do not exceed 50 DEG C, period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation finishes, at sun bottom
Under be exposed to the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach.
(2) Seed Treatment and nursery.First with after 32 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10%
Tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 22min, last water seed soaking 3.2h, so can kill most germs.
Dipped spinach seed is rinsed 1-2 time, is wrapped with wet gauze, be placed in 26 DEG C of insulating boxs and urge
Bud, the daily morning and evening, respectively with rinsing 1 time with room temperature identical clear water, can sprout after 1-2 days.
Ready matrix is transferred to the seedlings nursing plate (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, matrix is sprayed water
Process, after water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently pour a water, most of seed 2～3d
Can germinate, have is 4d.
(3) seedling management, main inclusion compounding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.A. by 1 part
Part tree-of-heaven leaf, 3 parts of roots of Dahurain angelica, 2 parts of tubers of stemona and 5 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, plus
Enter 98% ethanol solution, be warming up to 32 DEG C, stir 2.2h in the state of 8500 revs/min；
B. it is filtered to remove waste residue, obtains extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times,
Obtain the extract diluting；C. will be dilute to 3 parts of bacillus thruingensis, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water
Release 190 times, the extract of the dilution being obtained with step (2) is mixed, and add 3 parts of rotten plants
Acid stirs, and obtains nutrient solution.The nutrient solution preparing periodically is given the spinach seedling cultivated
Sprayed, daily 2-3 time, can provide growth required nutrition to spinach seedling, and
Can pre- preventing disease and pest.
(4) it is colonized and manages after being colonized, mainly include temperature, humidity, illumination management.With
The culture matrix preparing is production matrix, and every mu of greenhouse consumption is 30m3, and accurate
Standby 1.2m width, the thick opalescent plastic film of 0.12mm, make cultivating bag.Plantation density：Strain
Line-spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature in greenhouse is controlled, day temperature is 25 DEG C of left sides after field planting
The right side, nocturnal temperature is 20 DEG C about, and surface temperature is stablized at 23 DEG C.Air humidity is maintained at
80% about, the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catch an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives daily
Give the long illumination of 11h.
Cultivated using above-mentioned steps, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 4
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.By 12 parts of vermiculites, 7 parts of sawdusts, 9 parts of bean cake mixing
Uniformly, pile up, 4 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted by deionized water, are uniformly sprayed at accumulation
On thing, stir in sprinkling, after mixing, cover breathable film, ferment 34h, fermentation
During temperature do not exceed 50 DEG C, period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation finishes, at sun bottom
Under be exposed to the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach.
(2) Seed Treatment and nursery.First with after 34 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10%
Tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 24min, last water seed soaking 3.4h, so can kill most germs.
Dipped spinach seed is rinsed 1-2 time, is wrapped with wet gauze, be placed in 27 DEG C of insulating boxs and urge
Bud, the daily morning and evening, respectively with rinsing 1 time with room temperature identical clear water, can sprout after 1-2 days.
Ready matrix is transferred to the seedlings nursing plate (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, matrix is sprayed water
Process, after water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently pour a water, most of seed 2-3d
Can germinate, have is 4d.
(3) seedling management, main inclusion compounding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.A. by 2 parts
Tree-of-heaven leaf, 6 parts of roots of Dahurain angelica, 4 parts of tubers of stemona and 10 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add
98% ethanol solution, is warming up to 35 DEG C, stirs 2.6h in the state of 9000 revs/min；b.
It is filtered to remove waste residue, obtains extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtains
Extract to dilution；C. by 3 parts of bacillus thruingensis, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water dilution
195 times, the extract of the dilution being obtained with step (2) is mixed, and adds 4 parts of humic acids
Stir, obtain nutrient solution.Enter the nutrient solution preparing periodically to the spinach seedling cultivated
Row sprays, daily 2-3 time, can again may be used to the nutrition required for the offer growth of spinach seedling
Pre- preventing disease and pest.
(4) it is colonized and manages after being colonized, mainly include temperature, humidity, illumination management.With
The culture matrix preparing is production matrix, and every mu of greenhouse consumption is 30m3, and accurate
Standby 1.2m width, the thick opalescent plastic film of 0.12mm, make cultivating bag.Plantation density：Strain
Line-spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature in greenhouse is controlled, day temperature is 25 DEG C of left sides after field planting
The right side, nocturnal temperature is 20 DEG C about, and surface temperature is stablized at 23 DEG C.Air humidity is maintained at
80% about, the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catch an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives daily
Give the long illumination of 11h.
Cultivated using above-mentioned steps, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 5
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.By 1 part of vermiculite, 3 parts of sawdusts, 2 parts of bean cake mixing all
Even, pile up, 5 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted by deionized water, are uniformly sprayed at deposit
On, stir in sprinkling, after mixing, cover breathable film, ferment 38h, fermented
In journey, temperature does not exceed 50 DEG C, and period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation finishes, under the sun
It is exposed to the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach.
(2) Seed Treatment and nursery.First with after 40 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10%
Tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 28min, last water seed soaking 3.8h, so can kill most germs.
Dipped spinach seed is rinsed 1-2 time, is wrapped with wet gauze, be placed in 28 DEG C of insulating boxs and urge
Bud, the daily morning and evening, respectively with rinsing 1 time with room temperature identical clear water, can sprout after 1-2 days.
Ready matrix is transferred to the seedlings nursing plate (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, matrix is sprayed water
Process, after water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently pour a water, most of seed 2-3d
Can germinate, have is 4d.
(3) seedling management, main inclusion compounding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.A. by 1 part
Tree-of-heaven leaf, 3 parts of roots of Dahurain angelica, 2 parts of tubers of stemona and 5 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add
98% ethanol solution, is warming up to 42 DEG C, stirs 3h in the state of 9500 revs/min；b.
It is filtered to remove waste residue, obtains extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtains
Extract to dilution；C. by 6 parts of bacillus thruingensis, 2 parts of beauveria bassiana deionized water dilutions
198 times, the extract of the dilution being obtained with step (2) is mixed, and adds 5 parts of humic acids
Stir, obtain nutrient solution.Enter the nutrient solution preparing periodically to the spinach seedling cultivated
Row sprays, daily 2-3 time, can again may be used to the nutrition required for the offer growth of spinach seedling
Pre- preventing disease and pest.
(4) it is colonized and manages after being colonized, mainly include temperature, humidity, illumination management.With
The culture matrix preparing is production matrix, and every mu of greenhouse consumption is 30m3, and accurate
Standby 1.2m width, the thick opalescent plastic film of 0.12mm, make cultivating bag.Plantation density：Strain
Line-spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature in greenhouse is controlled, day temperature is 25 DEG C of left sides after field planting
The right side, nocturnal temperature is 20 DEG C about, and surface temperature is stablized at 23 DEG C.Air humidity is maintained at
80% about, the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catch an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives daily
Give 12h illumination.
Cultivated using above-mentioned steps, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
By the germination percentage of spinach table in embodiment 1-5 cultivation, after field planting, plant shoot survival percent,
Yield is tracked investigating, and result is as follows：
Table spinach cultivates investigation
From the point of view of table, the spinach germination percentage that the present invention cultivates is high, and the spinach yield of cultivation is high.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix, matrix components include vermiculite, sawdust, bean cake, micro- life
Thing zymophyte；
(2) Seed Treatment and nursery；
(3) seedling management, including compounding and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
(4) it is colonized and manage, including temperature, humidity, illumination management after being colonized；
Wherein, the compound method of the described nutrient solution of step (3) is as follows：
1) tree-of-heaven leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona and rattlebush are smashed to pieces and be transferred in beaker, add 98%
Ethanol solution, be warming up to 30-45 DEG C, in the state of 8000-10000 rev/min stir 2-3h；
2) it is filtered to remove waste residue, obtains extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50
Times, obtain the extract diluting；
3) bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 180-200 times, with step 2)
The extract mixing and stirring of the dilution obtaining, obtains nutrient solution.
2. a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In the described cultivation matrix of step (1) is in parts by weight, composed of the following components：
Vermiculite 10-12 part, sawdust 5-10 part,
Bean cake 8-10 part, fermentable bacterium 2-5 part.
3. a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In the described cultivation matrix of step (1) is in parts by weight, composed of the following components：
12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of sawdust,
10 parts of bean cake, 3 parts of fermentable bacterium.
4. a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In step 1 in described compounding method) tree-of-heaven leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona, rattlebush
Mass ratio is 1:3:2:5.
5. a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In step 1 in described compounding method) in stirring when rotating speed be 8500 revs/min.
6. a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In step 3 in described compounding method) described bacillus thruingensis, the quality of beauveria bassiana
Than for 3:1.
7. a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In step 3 in described compounding method) in by bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana spend from
Sub- water dilutes 185 times.
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| CN105918009A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 句容市天王镇戴庄有机农业专业合作社 | Seedling cultivation method for organic sweet potatoes |
| CN106171905A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-07 | 柳州市欧亚农业发展有限公司 | A kind of method of soilless culture ditch Herba Alii fistulosi |
| CN106472277A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 紫云自治县澄明农业投资有限责任公司 | A kind of water planting method for culturing seedlings of Herba Spinaciae |
| CN107371724B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-04-17 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Spinach cultivation medium and cultivation method |
| CN107455249A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-12 | 仁怀市助惠蔬菜种植专业合作社 | A kind of soilless culture method for improving spinach organic selenium content |
| CN107853130A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-30 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of green non-pollution spinach soilless culture substrate |
| CN108541556A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-18 | 合肥慧明瀚生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of soilless culture Chinese mallow dedicated substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102714993B (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-11-13 | 安徽省舒城县舒丰现代农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Cultivation method of Chinese flowering cabbage |
| CN103609360A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-05 | 青岛东颐锦禾农业科技有限公司 | Nursery site substrate for planting organic vegetables |
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