CN104396709A - Soilless cultivation method of organic spinach - Google Patents
Soilless cultivation method of organic spinach Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396709A CN104396709A CN201410664603.1A CN201410664603A CN104396709A CN 104396709 A CN104396709 A CN 104396709A CN 201410664603 A CN201410664603 A CN 201410664603A CN 104396709 A CN104396709 A CN 104396709A
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- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000751139 Beauveria bassiana Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001093951 Ailanthus altissima Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000001287 Guettarda speciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001212228 Sesbania drummondii Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001671204 Stemona Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000061520 Angelica archangelica Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 241000125175 Angelica Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007119 Ananas comosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- -1 Cobastab Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000353097 Molva molva Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001366 vegetable intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a soilless cultivation method of organic spinach. The soilless cultivation method comprises the following steps: preparation of a culture substrate; seed treatment and seedling; seedling management; planting and planting post-management; harvesting. According to the soilless cultivation method of organic spinach provided by the invention, the operation is simple, water and fertilizers are saved, and the cultured spinach is abundant in content of nutrient content, pollution-free, high in yield and high in benefit.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, be specifically related to a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach.
Background technology:
Vegetables are requisite non-staple food in people's daily life, are the main sources maintaining the necessary vitamin of health, mineral matter and dietary fiber.Enter 21 century, century vegetable consumption amount increase by more than 5% every year.
Spinach, also known as the pineapple, Leng Persian grass.Spinach contains vitamin A, Cobastab, vitamin C, vitamin D, carotin, protein, iron, phosphorus, oxalic acid etc., can provide health necessary material, therefore extensively be planted.Spinach belongs to herbaceous plant, and plant is shorter, the delicate succulence of fruit, and these all cause it to be easily subject to the invasion and attack of damage by disease and insect and microorganism, therefore easily use a large amount of agricultural chemicals in planting process, the safety of spinach is on the hazard.
Summary of the invention:
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach.Organic spinach provided by the invention, nutrient composition content enriches, and non agricultural chemical residuum, output is high.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A soilless culture method for organic spinach, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix, matrix components mainly comprises vermiculite, sawdust, bean cake, fermentable bacterium;
(2) seed treatment and nursery;
(3) seedling management, mainly comprises compounding and the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) manage after field planting and field planting, mainly comprise temperature, humidity, illumination management.
Preferred as technique scheme, a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach, step (1) described cultivation matrix is with parts by weight, composed of the following components:
Vermiculite 10-12 part, sawdust 5-10 part,
Bean cake 8-10 part, fermentable bacterium 2-5 part.
Preferred as technique scheme, a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach, step (1) described cultivation matrix is with parts by weight, composed of the following components:
Vermiculite 12 parts, 8 parts, sawdust,
Bean cake 10 parts, fermentable bacterium 3 parts.
Preferred as technique scheme, a kind of soilless culture method of organic spinach, the compound method of step (3) described nutrient solution is as follows:
1) tree-of-heaven leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona and rattlebush are smashed to pieces be transferred in beaker, add the ethanolic solution of 98%, be warming up to 30-45 DEG C, under the state of 8000-10000 rev/min, stir 2-3h;
2) excessively filter waste residue, obtain extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtain the extract diluted;
3) by bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana with deionized water dilution 180-200 doubly, with step 2) the extract mixing and stirring of dilution that obtains, obtain nutrient solution.
Preferred as technique scheme, in described compounding method, the mass ratio of step (1) tree-of-heaven leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona, rattlebush is 1:3:2:5.
Preferred as technique scheme, step 1 in described compounding method) in rotating speed when stirring be 8500 revs/min.
Preferred as technique scheme, step 3 in described compounding method) described bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana mass ratio be 3:1.
Preferred as technique scheme, step 3 in described compounding method) in bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 185 times.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention adopts cultivation technique without soil to cultivate organic spinach, the yield and quality of organic spinach is improved all greatly, and do not use fertilizer, the plant growth regulator of any agricultural chemicals or Prof. Du Yucang in the course of cultivation, make the spinach after cultivating nontoxic, safety is high.In cultivating process, the present invention takes the mixotrophism liquid of Chinese herbal medicine and humic acid, has both been supplied to the nutrient needed for spinach growth, in turn enhances the resistance of spinach, reduces the damage by disease and insect of spinach.
Embodiment:
For a better understanding of the present invention, below by several embodiment to further instruction of the present invention, embodiment is only used for explaining the present invention, can not form any restriction to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.10 parts of vermiculites, 5 parts of sawdusts, 8 parts of bean cakes are mixed, pile up, by deionized water, 2 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted, evenly be sprayed on deposit, sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, and mixes breathable film on bonnet, fermentation 30h, in fermentation process, temperature does not exceed 50 DEG C, and period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation, be exposed to the sun under the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach;
(2) seed treatment and nursery.After first using 30 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 20min, last water seed soaking 3h, can kill most germs like this.Rinsed 1-2 time by dipped spinach seed, wrap, be placed on vernalization in 25 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet gauze, morning and evening every day is each by the clean water identical with room temperature 1 time, can sprout after 1-2 days.Ready matrix is transferred to the seedling-cultivating tray (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, by matrix water spray process, until water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently water a water, most of seed 2-3d can germinate, and what have is 4d;
(3) seedling management, mainly comprises compounding and the extermination of disease and insect pest.A. 1 part of tree-of-heaven leaf, 3 portions of roots of Dahurain angelica, 2 parts of tubers of stemona and 5 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add the ethanolic solution of 98%, be warming up to 30 DEG C, under the state of 8000 revs/min, stir 2h; B. cross and filter waste residue, obtain extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtain the extract diluted; C. 3 parts of bacillus thruingensiss, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 180 times, the extract of the dilution obtained with step (2) mixes, and adds 2 parts of humic acids and stir, and obtains nutrient solution.The nutrient solution prepared regularly is sprayed to the spinach seedling cultivated, every day 2-3 time, provide nutrition required for growth can to spinach seedling, again can preventing disease and pest in advance.
(4) manage after field planting and field planting, mainly comprise temperature, humidity, illumination management.With the culture matrix prepared for production matrix, every mu of greenhouse consumption is about 30m3, and it is wide to prepare 1m, the breathable plastics film that 0.12mm is thick, makes cultivation bag.Plantation density: seeding row spacing 30cm × 60cm.The temperature controlled well after field planting in greenhouse, day temperature is about 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is about 20 DEG C, and surface temperature is stabilized in 23 DEG C.Air humidity remains on about 80%, and the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catches an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives the long illumination of 10h every day.
Above-mentioned steps is utilized to cultivate, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 2
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.12 parts of vermiculites, 10 parts of sawdusts, 10 parts of bean cakes are mixed, pile up, by deionized water, 5 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted, evenly be sprayed on deposit, sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, and mixes breathable film on bonnet, fermentation 40h, in fermentation process, temperature does not exceed 50 DEG C, and period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation, be exposed to the sun under the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach;
(2) seed treatment and nursery.After first using 45 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 10min, last water seed soaking 4h, can kill most germs like this.Rinsed 1-2 time by dipped spinach seed, wrap, be placed on vernalization in 30 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet gauze, morning and evening every day respectively rinses 1 time with the clear water identical with room temperature, can sprout after 1-2 days.Ready matrix is transferred to the seedling-cultivating tray (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, by matrix water spray process, until water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently water a water, most of seed 2-3d can germinate, and what have is 4d;
(3) seedling management, mainly comprises compounding and the extermination of disease and insect pest.A. 2 parts of tree-of-heaven leaves, 6 portions of roots of Dahurain angelica, 4 parts of tubers of stemona and 10 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add the ethanolic solution of 98%, be warming up to 45 DEG C, under the state of 10000 revs/min, stir 3h; B. cross and filter waste residue, obtain extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtain the extract diluted; C. 3 parts of bacillus thruingensiss, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 200 times, the extract of the dilution obtained with step (2) mixes, and adds 3 parts of humic acids and stir, and obtains nutrient solution.The nutrient solution prepared regularly is sprayed to the spinach seedling cultivated, every day 2-3 time, provide nutrition required for growth can to spinach seedling, again can preventing disease and pest in advance;
(4) manage after field planting and field planting, mainly comprise temperature, humidity, illumination management.With the culture matrix prepared for production matrix, every mu of greenhouse consumption is about 30m3, and it is wide to prepare 1.2m, the opalescent plastic film that 0.12mm is thick, makes cultivation bag.Plantation density: seeding row spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature controlled well after field planting in greenhouse, day temperature is about 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is about 20 DEG C, and surface temperature is stabilized in 23 DEG C.Air humidity remains on about 80%, and the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catches an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives the long illumination of 12h every day.
Above-mentioned steps is utilized to cultivate, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 3
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.11 parts of vermiculites, 6 parts of sawdusts, 9 parts of bean cakes are mixed, pile up, by deionized water, 3 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted, evenly be sprayed on deposit, sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, and mixes breathable film on bonnet, fermentation 32h, in fermentation process, temperature does not exceed 50 DEG C, and period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation, be exposed to the sun under the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach.
(2) seed treatment and nursery.After first using 32 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 22min, last water seed soaking 3.2h, can kill most germs like this.Rinsed 1-2 time by dipped spinach seed, wrap, be placed on vernalization in 26 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet gauze, morning and evening every day respectively rinses 1 time with the clear water identical with room temperature, can sprout after 1-2 days.Ready matrix is transferred to the seedling-cultivating tray (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, by matrix water spray process, until water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently water a water, most of seed 2 ~ 3d can germinate, and what have is 4d.
(3) seedling management, mainly comprises compounding and the extermination of disease and insect pest.A. 1 part of part tree-of-heaven leaf, 3 portions of roots of Dahurain angelica, 2 parts of tubers of stemona and 5 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add the ethanolic solution of 98%, be warming up to 32 DEG C, under the state of 8500 revs/min, stir 2.2h; B. cross and filter waste residue, obtain extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtain the extract diluted; C. 3 parts of bacillus thruingensiss, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 190 times, the extract of the dilution obtained with step (2) mixes, and adds 3 parts of humic acids and stir, and obtains nutrient solution.The nutrient solution prepared regularly is sprayed to the spinach seedling cultivated, every day 2-3 time, provide nutrition required for growth can to spinach seedling, again can preventing disease and pest in advance.
(4) manage after field planting and field planting, mainly comprise temperature, humidity, illumination management.With the culture matrix prepared for production matrix, every mu of greenhouse consumption is about 30m3, and it is wide to prepare 1.2m, the opalescent plastic film that 0.12mm is thick, makes cultivation bag.Plantation density: seeding row spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature controlled well after field planting in greenhouse, day temperature is about 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is about 20 DEG C, and surface temperature is stabilized in 23 DEG C.Air humidity remains on about 80%, and the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catches an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives the long illumination of 11h every day.
Above-mentioned steps is utilized to cultivate, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 4
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.12 parts of vermiculites, 7 parts of sawdusts, 9 parts of bean cakes are mixed, pile up, by deionized water, 4 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted, evenly be sprayed on deposit, sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, and mixes breathable film on bonnet, fermentation 34h, in fermentation process, temperature does not exceed 50 DEG C, and period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation, be exposed to the sun under the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach.
(2) seed treatment and nursery.After first using 34 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 24min, last water seed soaking 3.4h, can kill most germs like this.Rinsed 1-2 time by dipped spinach seed, wrap, be placed on vernalization in 27 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet gauze, morning and evening every day respectively rinses 1 time with the clear water identical with room temperature, can sprout after 1-2 days.Ready matrix is transferred to the seedling-cultivating tray (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, by matrix water spray process, until water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently water a water, most of seed 2-3d can germinate, and what have is 4d.
(3) seedling management, mainly comprises compounding and the extermination of disease and insect pest.A. 2 parts of tree-of-heaven leaves, 6 portions of roots of Dahurain angelica, 4 parts of tubers of stemona and 10 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add the ethanolic solution of 98%, be warming up to 35 DEG C, under the state of 9000 revs/min, stir 2.6h; B. cross and filter waste residue, obtain extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtain the extract diluted; C. 3 parts of bacillus thruingensiss, 1 part of beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 195 times, the extract of the dilution obtained with step (2) mixes, and adds 4 parts of humic acids and stir, and obtains nutrient solution.The nutrient solution prepared regularly is sprayed to the spinach seedling cultivated, every day 2-3 time, provide nutrition required for growth can to spinach seedling, again can preventing disease and pest in advance.
(4) manage after field planting and field planting, mainly comprise temperature, humidity, illumination management.With the culture matrix prepared for production matrix, every mu of greenhouse consumption is about 30m3, and it is wide to prepare 1.2m, the opalescent plastic film that 0.12mm is thick, makes cultivation bag.Plantation density: seeding row spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature controlled well after field planting in greenhouse, day temperature is about 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is about 20 DEG C, and surface temperature is stabilized in 23 DEG C.Air humidity remains on about 80%, and the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catches an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives the long illumination of 11h every day.
Above-mentioned steps is utilized to cultivate, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
Embodiment 5
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix.1 part of vermiculite, 3 parts of sawdusts, 2 parts of bean cakes are mixed, pile up, by deionized water, 5 parts of fermentable bacterium are diluted, evenly be sprayed on deposit, sprinkling limit, limit is stirred, and mixes breathable film on bonnet, fermentation 38h, in fermentation process, temperature does not exceed 50 DEG C, and period is stirred 2-3 time.After fermentation, be exposed to the sun under the sun, obtain the cultivation matrix of organic spinach.
(2) seed treatment and nursery.After first using 40 DEG C of Soaking in hot water 10min, then with 10% tertiary sodium phosphate seed soaking 28min, last water seed soaking 3.8h, can kill most germs like this.Rinsed 1-2 time by dipped spinach seed, wrap, be placed on vernalization in 28 DEG C of insulating boxs with wet gauze, morning and evening every day respectively rinses 1 time with the clear water identical with room temperature, can sprout after 1-2 days.Ready matrix is transferred to the seedling-cultivating tray (50cm × 25cm) in 50 caves, by matrix water spray process, until water ooze lower after beat bunch planting kind.After planting gently water a water, most of seed 2-3d can germinate, and what have is 4d.
(3) seedling management, mainly comprises compounding and the extermination of disease and insect pest.A. 1 part of tree-of-heaven leaf, 3 portions of roots of Dahurain angelica, 2 parts of tubers of stemona and 5 portions of rattlebush are smashed to pieces and are transferred in beaker, add the ethanolic solution of 98%, be warming up to 42 DEG C, under the state of 9500 revs/min, stir 3h; B. cross and filter waste residue, obtain extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtain the extract diluted; C. 6 parts of bacillus thruingensiss, 2 parts of beauveria bassiana deionized waters are diluted 198 times, the extract of the dilution obtained with step (2) mixes, and adds 5 parts of humic acids and stir, and obtains nutrient solution.The nutrient solution prepared regularly is sprayed to the spinach seedling cultivated, every day 2-3 time, provide nutrition required for growth can to spinach seedling, again can preventing disease and pest in advance.
(4) manage after field planting and field planting, mainly comprise temperature, humidity, illumination management.With the culture matrix prepared for production matrix, every mu of greenhouse consumption is about 30m3, and it is wide to prepare 1.2m, the opalescent plastic film that 0.12mm is thick, makes cultivation bag.Plantation density: seeding row spacing 30cm × 80cm.The temperature controlled well after field planting in greenhouse, day temperature is about 25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is about 20 DEG C, and surface temperature is stabilized in 23 DEG C.Air humidity remains on about 80%, and the too high unfavorable growth of humidity, easily catches an illness.Spinach is long-day plant, gives 12h illumination every day.
Above-mentioned steps is utilized to cultivate, until can pluck after spinach maturation.
By the germination rate of spinach table in embodiment 1-5 cultivation, plant shoot survival percent after field planting, output carries out follow-up investigation, and result is as follows:
Table spinach cultivates investigation
From table, the spinach germination rate that the present invention cultivates is high, and the spinach output of cultivation is high.
Claims (8)
1. a soilless culture method for organic spinach, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of cultivation matrix, matrix components comprises vermiculite, sawdust, bean cake, fermentable bacterium;
(2) seed treatment and nursery;
(3) seedling management, comprises compounding and the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) manage after field planting and field planting, comprise temperature, humidity, illumination management.
2. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step (1) described cultivation matrix is with parts by weight, composed of the following components:
Vermiculite 10-12 part, sawdust 5-10 part,
Bean cake 8-10 part, fermentable bacterium 2-5 part.
3. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step (1) described cultivation matrix is with parts by weight, composed of the following components:
Vermiculite 12 parts, 8 parts, sawdust,
Bean cake 10 parts, fermentable bacterium 3 parts.
4. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic spinach as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the compound method of step (3) described nutrient solution is as follows:
1) tree-of-heaven leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona and rattlebush are smashed to pieces be transferred in beaker, add the ethanolic solution of 98%, be warming up to 30-45 DEG C, under the state of 8000-10000 rev/min, stir 2-3h;
2) excessively filter waste residue, obtain extract, extract deionized water is diluted to 50 times, obtain the extract diluted;
3) by bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana with deionized water dilution 180-200 doubly, with step 2) the extract mixing and stirring of dilution that obtains, obtain nutrient solution.
5. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic spinach as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in described compounding method, the mass ratio of step (1) tree-of-heaven leaf, the root of Dahurain angelica, the tuber of stemona, rattlebush is 1:3:2:5.
6. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic spinach as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 1 in described compounding method) in stir time rotating speed be 8500 revs/min.
7. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic spinach as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 3 in described compounding method) described bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana mass ratio be 3:1.
8. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic spinach as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, step 3 in described compounding method) in bacillus thruingensis, beauveria bassiana deionized water are diluted 185 times.
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