CN109997644B - One-year four-generation breeding technology of northern spring soybeans in northeast alpine regions - Google Patents
One-year four-generation breeding technology of northern spring soybeans in northeast alpine regions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a four-generation breeding technology of northern spring soybeans in a northeast alpine region in one year, which comprises indoor 2-season breeding processes and greenhouse 2-season breeding processes, and is characterized in that the indoor 2-season breeding processes are a first-season breeding process and a second-season breeding process, and the greenhouse 2-season breeding processes are a third-season breeding process and a fourth-season breeding process. The method for breeding the northern spring soybeans can be used for generation-adding in four seasons, not only is the breeding cost low, but also the rapid breeding can be realized, the breeding efficiency is greatly improved, and the soybean seeds are firstly adopted60CorRadiation treatment by a radiation source improves the disease resistance of the seeds and promotes the germination of the seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of northern spring soybeans, and particularly relates to a one-year four-generation breeding technology of northern spring soybeans in northeast alpine regions.
Background
Northern spring soybean is a variety type sowed in early spring after winter fallow, and the distribution areas include Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Gansu. The seeds are sown in the late 4 th-middle 5 th of a year and are ripe in 9 months mostly. The Huang-Huai-Chun soybeans are mainly distributed in yellow rivers and Huai-river basins, and are planted in the northern part of Jiangsu. Sowing the seeds from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months, maturing from the bottom of 8 months to the beginning of 9 months and intercropping with corns. The southern spring soybeans are widely distributed in the Yangtze river basin and the areas in the south of the Yangtze river, more are planted in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, the middle and north of Hunan and the like at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, are sowed from early 3 to 4 months, are ripe in the middle and upper 7 months, are cultivated in a multi-row triple cropping rotation mode, and are crop rotation cultivated for wheat, spring soybeans, late rice or autumn crops. Spring soybeans are also cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian south, seeding is carried out in 2 and 3 months, and the seeds are mature at the bottom of 6 months and at the beginning of 7 months, which are mostly crop rotation in triple cropping in one year.
Generally, a new soybean variety is bred by a conventional method, and the new soybean variety is bred for seven to eight years as a few as seven years and more than ten years. In order to accelerate the propagation of improved seeds and shorten the breeding period, for many years, the southern propagation or in-situ greenhouse cultivation method is adopted for generation-added breeding in northern areas of China. But the breeding cost is too high, which affects the rapid breeding work, and the micro greenhouse carries out soybean breeding generation addition, which has less investment, easy operation and management and better effect. In order to explore a set of soybean on-site generation-adding breeding technology with low investment, high benefit and simple and convenient operation, the research is carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a technology for breeding spring soybeans in the northeast alpine region for four generations in one year, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a four-generation breeding technology of northern spring soybeans in a northeast alpine region in one year, which comprises indoor 2-season breeding processes and greenhouse 2-season breeding processes, wherein the indoor 2-season breeding processes are a first-season breeding process and a second-season breeding process, and the greenhouse 2-season breeding processes are a third-season breeding process and a fourth-season breeding process;
the first-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seeding: harvesting soybean seeds which are normally mature in a field every 9 months and 20 days, selecting seeds with complete particles, plump seeds and complete germs, and firstly adopting60CorIrradiating by a radiation source for 5-9s, wherein the total radiation dose is 0.25kGy, then dressing seeds by using 35% polyformaldehyde seed coating agent, the seed ratio of the seeds is 1: 80, planting the seeds in a prepared flowerpot, applying 20-28g of organic base fertilizer and 2-5g of rare earth liquid in each pot, emerging seedlings in 1 day of 10 months to 3 days of 10 months, and protecting 3 seedlings, wherein the organic base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 5-10 parts of silt, 10-20 parts of sugarcane top, 6-10 parts of plant ash, 3-6 parts of shell powder and 1-2 parts of wood vinegar;
step two, field management: irradiating for 15 hours by using a light supplement lamp in the whole growth period, watering at proper time, and spraying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times from the initial flowering period to the grain swelling period;
step three, timely harvesting: picking the pod at the stage R5.5-R6, drying in the shade for 5-7 days until the seed is rounded, and threshing;
the second-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
planting for the second time indoors within 12 months and 30 days, specifically planting, picking pods within 25 days in 3 months and 28 days in 3 months and threshing according to the field management process in the first season;
the third-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, airing a field, sterilizing and preparing land: after harvesting the previous crops in the greenhouse in autumn, cleaning the field in time, sterilizing by using lime powder, 50% carbendazim powder and 35% methyl thifenphos cream, airing the field for 5-8 days after raking, and manually ridging, wherein the width of each ridge is 40-50 cm, and the distance between the ridges is 90 cm;
step two, sowing: drip irrigation is carried out on the land at the bottom of 3 months, the land is aired for 1-2 days, the plastic cloth is completely covered on the surface of the soil, soil moisture is preserved, meanwhile, weed emergence is promoted, the plastic cloth is opened at 5 days of 4 months to 7 days of 4 months, glyphosate is sprayed for weeding, after 3 days, the soybean seeds mixed with the seeds are manually sowed in the field in a hole mode, the hole distance is 15cm, the two rows are arranged on the ridges, and the plastic cloth is covered for moisture preservation;
step three, field management: according to the temperature condition, timely removing plastic cloth before emergence of seedlings, when the seedlings emerge to 1-three compound leaves, carrying out weed shoveling and soil loosening, fixing the seedlings to 2 plants in each hole, when the seedlings grow to 4 compound leaves, deep ploughing and hilling, timely carrying out drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, keeping soil moisture, in order to prevent the plants from lodging, fixing the seedlings by using bamboo poles, spraying nutrient solution in a full-bloom stage to prevent flowers and pods from falling, paying attention to keeping soil moisture after the full-bloom stage, simultaneously, timely observing and regularly spraying efficient cyhalothrin and abamectin in the whole growth period, preventing aphids and red spider pests, regularly spraying sclerotinia cleaner to prevent and control sclerotinia diseases, keeping ventilation by using a skylight and a fan when the weather is fine, and ensuring that the indoor temperature is 25-30 ℃, wherein the nutrient solution sprayed in the full-bloom stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of plant enzyme and vitamin B15-9 parts of auxin and 1-3 parts of xanthan gum;
step four, timely harvesting: picking the pod at the stage R5.5-R6, drying in the shade for 5-7 days until the seed is rounded, and threshing;
the fourth-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) carrying out greenhouse second planting in 20 days in 7 months, specifically, carrying out planting and field management processes in the third season, adding generations according to the reference, before the grain expansion period in the middle ten days of 9 months, closing a skylight and a fan, harvesting plants when soybeans are yellow and mature and yellow leaves fall off in 28 days from 25 days to 10 months in 10 months, harvesting bean pods, threshing and completing the operation of adding generations in four seasons in one year.
Preferably, the rare earth liquid in the first season breeding process step I is prepared by mixing rare earth lanthanum and chitosan according to the weight ratio of 1: 2.
Preferably, the pH value of the wood vinegar liquid in the organic base fertilizer is 5-6.
Preferably, the specific step of irradiating for 15 hours by the light supplement lamp is that a 400W metal halide lamp and a 400W sodium lamp are adopted from 5: 00-20 at night: 00 for 15 hours.
Preferably, the plant enzyme is obtained by fermenting pine nuts at 45-55 deg.C for 10-20 days, wherein the total bacteria count is 3 × 105CFU/mL。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for breeding the northern spring soybeans can be used for generation-adding work in four seasons, the breeding cost is low, meanwhile, the rapid breeding can be realized, the breeding efficiency is greatly improved, and the soybean seeds are firstly adopted60CorRadiation source irradiation treatment is carried out, disease resistance of seeds is improved, germination of the seeds is promoted, organic base fertilizer and rare earth liquid are applied to a planted basin, the rare earth liquid can dissolve the organic fertilizer and promote conversion of the organic base fertilizer, absorption of soybeans on the organic fertilizer is improved, and accordingly growth rate of the soybeans is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the one-year four-generation breeding technology of the northern spring soybeans in the northeast alpine region comprises indoor 2-season breeding processes and greenhouse 2-season breeding processes, wherein the indoor 2-season breeding processes are a first-season breeding process and a second-season breeding process, and the greenhouse 2-season breeding processes are a third-season breeding process and a fourth-season breeding process;
the first-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seeding: harvesting soybean seeds which are normally mature in a field every 9 months and 20 days, selecting seeds with complete particles, plump seeds and complete germs, and firstly adopting60CorIrradiating by a radiation source for 5-9s, wherein the total radiation dose is 0.25kGy, then dressing seeds by using 35% polyformaldehyde seed coating agent, the seed ratio is 1: 80, planting the seeds in a prepared flowerpot, applying 20g of organic base fertilizer and 2g of rare earth liquid in each pot, and germinating in 1 day in 10 months to protect 3 seedlings, wherein the organic base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cow dung, 5 parts of silt, 10 parts of sugarcane top, 6 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of shell powder and 1 part of wood vinegar;
step two, field management: irradiating for 15 hours by using a light supplement lamp in the whole growth period, watering at proper time, and spraying foliar fertilizer for 2 times from the initial flowering period to the grain swelling period;
step three, timely harvesting: picking off the pod at the period from R5.5 to R6 (25 days at 12 months to 28 days at 12 months), drying in shade for 5 days until the seeds are rounded, and threshing;
the second-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
planting for the second time indoors within 12 months and 30 days, specifically planting, picking pods, drying in the shade and threshing within 3 months and 25 days according to the first season in the field management process;
the third-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, airing a field, sterilizing and preparing land: after harvesting the preceding crops in the greenhouse in autumn, cleaning the field in time, sterilizing by using lime powder, 50% carbendazim powder and 35% methyl thifenphos cream, turning over and harrowing, airing the field for 5 days, and manually ridging, wherein the ridge width is 40cm, and the ridge distance is 90 cm;
step two, sowing: drip irrigation is carried out on the land at the bottom of 3 months, the land is aired for 1 day, the plastic cloth is completely covered on the surface of the soil, soil moisture is preserved, meanwhile, weed emergence is promoted, the plastic cloth is opened after 4 months and 5 days, glyphosate is sprayed for weeding, after 3 days, the soybean seeds which are mixed with seeds are artificially sowed in holes in the land, the hole distance is 15cm, double rows are arranged on ridges, and the plastic cloth is covered for moisture preservation;
step three, field management: according to the temperature condition, timely removing plastic cloth before emergence of seedlings, when the seedlings emerge to 1-three double leaves, carrying out weed shoveling and soil loosening, fixing the seedlings to 2 plants in each hole, when the seedlings grow to 4 double leaves, deep ploughing and hilling, timely carrying out drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, keeping soil moisture, in order to prevent the plants from lodging, fixing the seedlings by using bamboo poles, spraying nutrient solution in a full-bloom stage, preventing flowers and pods from falling, paying attention to keeping soil moisture after the full-bloom stage, simultaneously, timely observing and regularly spraying efficient cyhalothrin and abamectin in the whole growth period, preventing aphids and red spider pests, regularly spraying sclerotinia, preventing and treating sclerotium diseases, keeping ventilation by using a skylight and a fan when the weather is fine, and ensuring that the indoor temperature is 25 ℃, wherein the nutrient solution sprayed in the full-bloom stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of plant enzyme and vitamin B15 parts of auxin and 1 part of xanthan gum;
step four, timely harvesting: picking off the pod at the period from R5.5 to R6 (7 months 15 days to 7 months 18 days), drying in shade for 5 days until the seeds are rounded, and threshing;
the fourth-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) carrying out greenhouse second planting in 20 days in 7 months, specifically, carrying out planting and field management processes in the third season, adding generations according to the reference, before the grain expansion period in the middle ten days of 9 months, closing a skylight and a fan, harvesting plants when soybeans are yellow and mature and yellow leaves fall off in 28 days from 25 days to 10 months in 10 months, harvesting bean pods, threshing and completing the operation of adding generations in four seasons in one year.
In the first season breeding process step I of the embodiment, the rare earth liquid is prepared by mixing rare earth lanthanum and chitosan according to the weight ratio of 1: 2.
The pH of the pyroligneous acid solution in the organic base fertilizer of this example was 5.
The specific steps of the light supplement lamp for 15 hours in the embodiment are that a 400W metal halide lamp and a 400W sodium lamp are adopted from 5: 00-20 at night: 00 for 15 hours.
The plant enzyme of this example was obtained by fermenting pine nuts at 45 ℃ for 10 days, wherein the total bacterial count was 3 × 105CFU/mL。
Example 2:
the one-year four-generation breeding technology of the northern spring soybeans in the northeast alpine region comprises indoor 2-season breeding processes and greenhouse 2-season breeding processes, wherein the indoor 2-season breeding processes are a first-season breeding process and a second-season breeding process, and the greenhouse 2-season breeding processes are a third-season breeding process and a fourth-season breeding process;
the first-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seeding: harvesting soybean seeds which are normally mature in a field every 9 months and 20 days, selecting seeds with complete particles, plump seeds and complete germs, and firstly adopting60CorIrradiating for 9s by a radiation source, wherein the total radiation dose is 0.25kGy, then dressing seeds by using 35% polyformaldehyde seed coating agent, the seed ratio is 1: 80, planting the seeds in a flowerpot prepared in advance, applying 28g of organic base fertilizer and 5g of rare earth liquid in each pot, and germinating in 3 days of 10 months and 3 seedlings, wherein the organic base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of cow dung, 5-10 parts of silt, 10-20 parts of sugarcane top, 10 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of shell powder and 2 parts of wood vinegar;
step two, field management: irradiating for 15 hours by using a light supplement lamp in the whole growth period, watering at proper time, and spraying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times from the initial flowering period to the grain swelling period;
step three, timely harvesting: picking off the pod at the period from R5.5 to R6 (25 days at 12 months to 28 days at 12 months), drying in shade for 7 days until the seeds are rounded, and threshing;
the second-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
planting for the second time indoors within 12 months and 30 days, specifically planting, performing field management according to the first season, picking pods within 3 months and 28 days, drying in the shade, and threshing;
the third-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, airing a field, sterilizing and preparing land: after harvesting the previous crops in the greenhouse in autumn, cleaning the field in time, sterilizing by using lime powder, 50% carbendazim powder and 35% methyl thifenphos cream, turning over and harrowing, airing the field for 8 days, and manually ridging, wherein the width of each ridge is 40-50 cm, and the ridge distance is 90 cm;
step two, sowing: drip irrigation is carried out on the land at the bottom of 3 months, the land is aired for 2 days, the plastic cloth is completely covered on the surface of the soil, soil moisture is preserved, meanwhile, weed emergence is promoted, the plastic cloth is opened after 4 months and 7 days, glyphosate is sprayed for weeding, after 3 days, the soybean seeds which are mixed with seeds are artificially sowed in holes in the land, the hole distance is 15cm, double rows are arranged on ridges, and the plastic cloth is covered for moisture preservation;
step three, field management: according to the temperature condition, timely removing plastic cloth before emergence of seedlings, when the seedlings emerge to 1-three double leaves, carrying out weed shoveling and soil loosening, fixing the seedlings to 2 plants in each hole, when the seedlings grow to 4 double leaves, deep ploughing and hilling, timely carrying out drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, keeping soil moisture, in order to prevent the plants from lodging, fixing the seedlings by using bamboo poles, spraying nutrient solution in a full-bloom stage, preventing flowers and pods from falling, paying attention to keeping soil moisture after the full-bloom stage, simultaneously, timely observing and regularly spraying efficient cyhalothrin and abamectin in the whole growth period, preventing aphids and red spider pests, regularly spraying sclerotinia, preventing and treating sclerotium diseases, keeping ventilation by using a skylight and a fan when the weather is fine, and ensuring that the indoor temperature is 30 ℃, wherein the nutrient solution sprayed in the full-bloom stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of plant enzyme and vitamin B19 parts of auxin and 3 parts of xanthan gum;
step four, timely harvesting: picking off the pod at the period from R5.5 to R6 (7 months 15 days to 7 months 18 days), drying in shade for 7 days until the seeds are rounded, and threshing;
the fourth-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) carrying out greenhouse second planting in 20 days in 7 months, specifically, carrying out planting and field management processes in the third season, adding generations according to the reference, before the grain expansion period in the middle ten days of 9 months, closing a skylight and a fan, harvesting plants when soybeans are yellow and mature and yellow leaves fall off in 28 days from 25 days to 10 months in 10 months, harvesting bean pods, threshing and completing the operation of adding generations in four seasons in one year.
In the first season breeding process step I of the embodiment, the rare earth liquid is prepared by mixing rare earth lanthanum and chitosan according to the weight ratio of 1: 2.
The pH of the pyroligneous acid solution in the organic base fertilizer of this example was 6.
The specific steps of the light supplement lamp for 15 hours in the embodiment are that a 400W metal halide lamp and a 400W sodium lamp are adopted from 5: 00-20 at night: 00 for 15 hours.
The plant enzyme of this example was obtained by fermenting pine nuts at 55 ℃ for 20 days, wherein the total bacterial count was 3 × 105CFU/mL。
Example 3:
the one-year four-generation breeding technology of the northern spring soybeans in the northeast alpine region comprises indoor 2-season breeding processes and greenhouse 2-season breeding processes, wherein the indoor 2-season breeding processes are a first-season breeding process and a second-season breeding process, and the greenhouse 2-season breeding processes are a third-season breeding process and a fourth-season breeding process;
the first-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seeding: harvesting soybean seeds which are normally mature in a field every 9 months and 20 days, selecting seeds with complete particles, plump seeds and complete germs, and firstly adopting60CorIrradiating by a radiation source for 5-9s, wherein the total radiation dose is 0.25kGy, then dressing seeds by using 35% polyformaldehyde seed coating agent, the seed ratio of the seeds is 1: 80, planting the seeds in a prepared flowerpot, applying 24g of organic base fertilizer and 3.5g of rare earth liquid in each flowerpot, and ensuring 3 seedlings in 10-month 2 days, wherein the organic base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of cow dung, 7.5 parts of silt, 15 parts of sugarcane top, 8 parts of plant ash, 4.5 parts of shell powder and 1.5 parts of wood vinegar;
step two, field management: irradiating for 15 hours by using a light supplement lamp in the whole growth period, watering at proper time, and spraying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times from the initial flowering period to the grain swelling period;
step three, timely harvesting: picking off the pod at the period from R5.5 to R6 (25 days at 12 months to 28 days at 12 months), drying in shade for 6 days until the seeds are rounded, and threshing;
the second-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
planting for the second time indoors within 12 months and 30 days, specifically planting, picking pods within 25 days in 3 months and 28 days in 3 months and threshing according to the field management process in the first season;
the third-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, airing a field, sterilizing and preparing land: after harvesting the preceding crops in the greenhouse in autumn, cleaning the field in time, sterilizing by using lime powder, 50% carbendazim powder and 35% methyl thifenphos cream, turning over and harrowing, airing the field for 6 days, and manually ridging, wherein the ridge width is 45cm, and the ridge distance is 90 cm;
step two, sowing: drip irrigation is carried out on the land at the bottom of 3 months, the land is aired for 1.5 days, the plastic cloth is completely covered on the surface of the soil, the soil moisture is preserved, meanwhile, the weed is promoted to emerge, the plastic cloth is opened after 6 days after 4 months, glyphosate is sprayed for weeding, the soybean seeds which are mixed with the seeds are artificially sowed in the field in holes with the hole distance of 15cm and double rows on ridges after 3 days, and the plastic cloth is covered for moisturizing;
step three, field management: according to the temperature condition, timely removing plastic cloth before emergence of seedlings, when the seedlings emerge to 1-three double leaves, carrying out weed shoveling and soil loosening, fixing the seedlings to 2 plants in each hole, when the seedlings grow to 4 double leaves, deep ploughing and hilling, timely carrying out drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, keeping soil moisture, in order to prevent the plants from lodging, fixing the seedlings by using bamboo poles, spraying nutrient solution in a full-bloom stage, preventing flowers and pods from falling, paying attention to keeping soil moisture after the full-bloom stage, simultaneously, timely observing and regularly spraying efficient cyhalothrin and abamectin in the whole growth period, preventing aphids and red spider pests, regularly spraying sclerotinia, preventing and treating sclerotium diseases, keeping ventilation by using a skylight and a fan when the weather is fine, and ensuring that the indoor temperature is 27.5 ℃, wherein the nutrient solution sprayed in the full-bloom stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of plant enzyme and vitamin B17 parts of auxin and 2 parts of xanthan gum;
step four, timely harvesting: picking off the pod at the period from R5.5 to R6 (7 months 15 days to 7 months 18 days), drying in shade for 6 days until the seeds are rounded, and threshing;
the fourth-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) carrying out greenhouse second planting in 20 days in 7 months, specifically, carrying out planting and field management processes in the third season, adding generations according to the third season, closing a skylight and a fan before the grain expansion period in the middle ten days of 9 months, harvesting plants when soybeans are yellow and ripe and yellow leaves fall off in 26 days in 10 months, harvesting bean pods, threshing and completing the four seasons adding work in one year.
In the first season breeding process step I of the embodiment, the rare earth liquid is prepared by mixing rare earth lanthanum and chitosan according to the weight ratio of 1: 2.
The pH of the pyroligneous acid solution in the organic base fertilizer of this example was 5.5.
The specific steps of the light supplement lamp for 15 hours in the embodiment are that a 400W metal halide lamp and a 400W sodium lamp are adopted from 5: 00-20 at night: 00 for 15 hours.
The plant enzyme of this example was obtained by fermenting pine nuts at 50 ℃ for 15 days, wherein the total bacterial count was 3 × 105CFU/mL。
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A one-year four-generation breeding technology of northern spring soybeans in a northeast alpine region comprises indoor 2-season breeding processes and greenhouse 2-season breeding processes, and is characterized in that the indoor 2-season breeding processes are a first-season breeding process and a second-season breeding process, and the greenhouse 2-season breeding processes are a third-season breeding process and a fourth-season breeding process;
the first-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, seeding: harvesting soybean seeds which are normally mature in a field every 9 months and 20 days, selecting seeds with complete particles, plump seeds and complete germs, and firstly adopting60CorIrradiating by a radiation source for 5-9s, wherein the total radiation dose is 0.25kGy, then dressing seeds by using 35% polyformaldehyde seed coating agent, the seed ratio of the seeds is 1: 80, planting the seeds in a prepared flowerpot, applying 20-28g of organic base fertilizer and 2-5g of rare earth liquid in each pot, emerging seedlings in 1 day of 10 months to 3 days of 10 months, and protecting 3 seedlings, wherein the organic base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of cow dung, 5-10 parts of silt, 10-20 parts of sugarcane top, 6-10 parts of plant ash, 3-6 parts of shell powder and 1-2 parts of wood vinegar, wherein the rare earth liquid is prepared by mixing rare earth lanthanum and chitosan according to the weight ratio of 1: 2;
step two, field management: irradiating for 15 hours by using a light supplement lamp in the whole growth period, watering at proper time, and spraying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times from the initial flowering period to the grain swelling period;
step three, timely harvesting: picking the pod at the stage R5.5-R6, drying in the shade for 5-7 days until the seed is rounded, and threshing;
the second-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
planting for the second time indoors within 12 months and 30 days, specifically planting, picking pods within 25 days in 3 months and 28 days in 3 months and threshing according to the field management process in the first season;
the third-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
step one, airing a field, sterilizing and preparing land: after harvesting the previous crops in the greenhouse in autumn, cleaning the field in time, sterilizing by using lime powder, 50% carbendazim powder and 35% methyl thifenphos cream, airing the field for 5-8 days after raking, and manually ridging, wherein the width of each ridge is 40-50 cm, and the distance between the ridges is 90 cm;
step two, sowing: drip irrigation is carried out on the land at the bottom of 3 months, the land is aired for 1-2 days, the plastic cloth is completely covered on the surface of the soil, soil moisture is preserved, meanwhile, weed emergence is promoted, the plastic cloth is opened at 5 days of 4 months to 7 days of 4 months, glyphosate is sprayed for weeding, after 3 days, the soybean seeds mixed with the seeds are manually sowed in the field in a hole mode, the hole distance is 15cm, the two rows are arranged on the ridges, and the plastic cloth is covered for moisture preservation;
step three, field management: according to the temperature condition, timely removing plastic cloth before emergence of seedlings, when the seedlings emerge to 1-three compound leaves, carrying out weed shoveling and soil loosening, fixing the seedlings to 2 plants in each hole, when the seedlings grow to 4 compound leaves, deep ploughing and hilling, timely carrying out drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, keeping soil moisture, in order to prevent the plants from lodging, fixing the seedlings by using bamboo poles, spraying nutrient solution in a full-bloom stage to prevent flowers and pods from falling, paying attention to keeping soil moisture after the full-bloom stage, simultaneously, timely observing and regularly spraying efficient cyhalothrin and abamectin in the whole growth period, preventing aphids and red spider pests, regularly spraying sclerotinia cleaner to prevent and control sclerotinia diseases, keeping ventilation by using a skylight and a fan when the weather is fine, and ensuring that the indoor temperature is 25-30 ℃, wherein the nutrient solution sprayed in the full-bloom stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of plant enzyme and vitamin B15-9 parts of auxin and 1-3 parts of xanthan gum;
step four, timely harvesting: picking the pod at the stage R5.5-R6, drying in the shade for 5-7 days until the seed is rounded, and threshing;
the fourth-season breeding process comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) carrying out greenhouse second planting in 20 days in 7 months, specifically, carrying out planting and field management processes in the third season, adding generations according to the reference, before the grain expansion period in the middle ten days of 9 months, closing a skylight and a fan, harvesting plants when soybeans are yellow and mature and yellow leaves fall off in 28 days from 25 days to 10 months in 10 months, harvesting bean pods, threshing and completing the operation of adding generations in four seasons in one year.
2. The technique for breeding the northern spring soybeans in the northeast alpine region for four generations in one year according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the wood vinegar liquid in the organic base fertilizer is 5-6.
3. The technique for breeding the northern spring soybeans in the northeast alpine region for four generations in one year according to claim 2, wherein the pH of the wood vinegar liquid in the organic base fertilizer is 5.5.
4. The one-year four-generation breeding technology of the northern spring soybeans in the northeast alpine region according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of irradiating for 15 hours by using a 400W metal halide lamp and a 400W sodium lamp are as follows from 5: 00-20 at night: 00 for 15 hours.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant enzyme is obtained by fermenting pine nut at 45-55 deg.C for 10-20 days, wherein the total number of bacteria is 3 × 105CFU/mL。
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