CN112470848B - Cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting industry, and provides a cultivation method for continuously picking fresh green soy beans for edible vegetables. The invention provides a cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables by adopting a variety selecting technology, a staged precision seeding technology, a plastic film mulching cultivation technology, a one-time whole seedling technology, a timely picking technology and a green environment-friendly cultivation management technology. The invention fully utilizes the growth and development characteristics among green soybean varieties, performs staged precision seeding on a plurality of varieties in different maturation periods, and has scientific and reasonable collocation of the green soybean varieties in different maturation periods, precise linkage of the seeding periods, continuous picking of fresh pods, and prolonged picking period to about 50 days, thereby obviously prolonging the period of supplying the green soybeans to the market and ensuring the quality and commodity rate of the fresh green soybeans.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting industry, in particular to a cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables.
Background
China is the country which eats the green soy beans for vegetables at the earliest in the world, and the planting history is more than thousand years. The green soy bean for vegetables is represented by R 6 (granular Drum expiration) to R 7 The soybeans harvested between the growth periods (initial ripening period) are called as 'green soybeans' in China, and have high economic value. The quick-frozen green soy beans become important export agricultural products in coastal areas of southeast China. The green vegetable beans are not only predominant crops with obvious regional characteristics, but also one of main export-foreign agricultural products, play an important role in vegetable production, and have obvious advantages in foreign markets in quick-freezing or fresh-keeping manners. With the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of health care consciousness of people, the consumption of fresh green soy beans by urban and rural residents is rapidly increased and has comeSouth gradually expands to north.
In the northwest inland of Ningxia, yinchuan is rich in light, heat, water and soil resources, large in day-night temperature difference and long in frosting period, and the unique geographical environmental conditions are suitable for producing the fresh green soy beans for edible vegetables. The special geographic advantages and climate condition resources are fully utilized to produce the anti-season green soybeans, and the green soybeans are supplied to domestic and foreign markets and have higher price. The research and the production demonstration of the fresh green soy beans for edible vegetables in the plain of Yinchuan are in the starting stage, through many years of introduction tests and production demonstration, the green, environment-friendly, high-quality, disease-resistant and high-yield green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables under the ecological condition of the plain of Yinchuan are realized through integrated cultivation technologies such as open field cultivation, film-covered cultivation, chemical removal, chemical control, fertilizer and water control, and the technical support is provided for the development of the production of the fresh green soy beans for edible vegetables in Ningxia.
However, the picking period of the fresh green soy bean is short, only 5-6 days, so that the fresh green soy bean is concentrated and short in marketing period, and cannot be continuously supplied to the market. In order to prolong the supply period of the green soybeans, the picked green soybeans are stored in a frozen manner, but the frozen storage method reduces the freshness, appearance quality, seed quality and commodity rate of the green soybeans. Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for continuously picking and cultivating green soy beans, which is used for continuously supplying to the market and improving the market value of green soy beans.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of short picking period, short marketing period and contradiction between market demand and picking supply of fresh green soy beans.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a cultivation method for continuously picking fresh edible green soy beans, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a variety: selecting three varieties of early maturity, late maturity and extremely late maturity, and carefully selecting bean seeds;
(2) Land preparation and fertilization: preparing soil 1-2 days before sowing, simultaneously applying base fertilizer and insect repellent, spraying herbicide, covering with mulching film, and sealing soil;
(3) Sowing in stages: the bean seeds of each variety are sowed in 4-5 sowing periods, the bean seeds of three varieties are sowed simultaneously in each period, and the three varieties are sowed in different plots;
(4) Fine management: putting seedlings in time when the green soy bean 2 leaves are exposed out of the ground; herbicide is sprayed and applied to the green soy bean in the 3-leaf compound period for weeding; removing the weed when the height of the green soybean plant is 10-15 cm; watering is not carried out in the seedling stage of the green soybean until the green soybean blooms and pod bearing; topdressing a leaf fertilizer in the green soybean swelling stage;
(5) Picking in due time: the rate of the pod plumping in the field reaches more than 85 percent, and the pods can be picked when being emerald green.
Preferably, the early-maturing variety has a growth period of 115 to 125d, the late-maturing variety has a growth period of 130 to 140d, and the extremely late-maturing variety has a growth period of 145 to 155d.
Preferably, the criteria for selecting varieties are: selecting varieties with high yield, good quality, strong stress resistance, good commodity, fragrant and glutinous taste or crisp and sweet taste, uniform pod formation and consistent mature period; the standard of the selected bean species is as follows: selecting bean seeds with large and full grains, the purity of 97 percent or more and the germination rate of 95 percent or more.
Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, diammonium phosphate, a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer.
Preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu, the application amount of the urea is 7-8 kg/mu, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-12 kg/mu, the application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 15-25 kg/mu, and the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 3-4 kg/mu.
Preferably, the bean seeds are mixed with 8-12 kg of microbial inoculum: 120-180 mL, and then sowing the seeds while stirring.
Preferably, the interval between the sowing periods in the step (3) is 8 to 12 days.
Preferably, the row spacing of the seeding is 35-40 cm, the hole spacing of the seeding is 15-25 cm, 1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the seeding depth is 3-4 cm.
Preferably, the amount of irrigation in step (4) is 60-80 m 3 Per mu.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in the step (4) is potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and is applied for 1 to 2 times.
The invention fully utilizes the growth and development characteristics among green soybean varieties, a single variety is planted at one time, fresh pods are picked for 5-6 days, the method is changed into staged precision seeding of a plurality of varieties with different maturity, the green soybean varieties in different maturity stages are scientifically and reasonably matched, the seeding stages are accurately linked, the fresh pods are picked continuously, the picking period is prolonged to about 50 days, the period of supplying green soybeans to the market is obviously prolonged, the continuous picking of fresh green soybeans on the market is realized, and the quality and the commodity rate of the fresh green soybeans are ensured.
Detailed Description
The invention fully utilizes the growth and development characteristics among green soy bean varieties, adopts a variety optimizing technology, a staged precision seeding technology, a plastic film mulching cultivation technology, a one-time whole seedling technology, a timely picking technology and a green environment-friendly cultivation management technology, and provides a cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a variety: selecting three varieties of early-maturing, late-maturing and extremely late-maturing, and carefully selecting bean seeds;
(2) Land preparation and fertilization: preparing soil 1-2 days before sowing, simultaneously applying base fertilizer and insect repellent, spraying herbicide, covering with mulching film, and sealing soil;
(3) And (3) sowing in different periods: the bean seeds of each variety are sown in 4-5 sowing periods, the bean seeds of three varieties are sown simultaneously in each period, and the three varieties are sown in different plots;
(4) Fine management: putting seedlings in time when the green soy bean 2 leaves are exposed out of the ground; herbicide is sprayed and applied to the green soy bean in the 3-leaf compound period for weeding; removing the weeds when the height of the green soybean plants is 10-15 cm; watering is not carried out in the young soybean seedling stage until the young soybean blooms and is watered in the pod bearing stage; topdressing a leaf fertilizer in the green soybean swelling stage;
(5) Picking in due time: the rate of the pod balling in the field reaches more than 85 percent, and the pods can be picked when being emerald green.
The invention selects three varieties of early-maturing, late-maturing and extremely late-maturing, and carefully selects bean seeds.
In the present invention, the growing period of the premature variety is preferably 115 to 125d, more preferably 120d; the growth period of the late-maturing variety is preferably 130 to 140 days, and more preferably 135 days; the growth period of the extremely late-maturing variety is preferably 145 to 155d, more preferably 150d
In the present invention, the criteria for selecting varieties are: selecting the variety with high yield, good quality, strong stress resistance, good commodity, fragrant and glutinous taste or crisp and sweet taste, uniform pod formation and consistent mature period.
In the present invention, the early-maturing variety is preferably threin No. 6, the late-maturing variety is preferably xiaononguayan, and the very late-maturing variety is preferably jin bean No. 39.
In the present invention, the criteria for selecting bean species are: selecting bean seeds with large and full grains, the purity of 97 percent or more and the germination rate of 95 percent or more. The seed quality meets the requirements of GB 4404.2-2010.
The invention prepares soil 1-2 days before sowing, simultaneously applies base fertilizer and insect-resist agent, sprays herbicide, then covers mulching film and seals soil.
In the invention, the land preparation is preferably performed mechanically, and the base fertilizer is preferably applied while the land preparation is performed.
In the invention, the base fertilizer is preferably organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is preferably applied by taking the organic fertilizer as a main material and taking the principle of stabilizing phosphorus and supplementing potassium.
In the invention, the inorganic fertilizer preferably comprises one or more of urea, diammonium phosphate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
In the invention, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 200-300 kg/mu, more preferably 260-280 kg/mu, and even more preferably 250 kg/mu.
In the invention, the application amount of the urea is preferably 7-8 kg/mu, and more preferably 7.5 kg/mu; the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is preferably 8-12 kg/mu, and more preferably 10 kg/mu; the application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is preferably 15-25 kg/mu, and more preferably 20 kg/mu; the application amount of the potash fertilizer is preferably 3-4 kg/mu, and more preferably 3.5 kg/mu.
In the invention, the insect-resist agent is 3% phoxim granules or 3% chlorpyrifos granules; the soil is applied to soil according to 1-1.5 kg/mu in soil preparation for preventing and controlling soil insects.
In the invention, the herbicide sprayed before film covering is preferably s-metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate (Jindouer) 960 g.L -1 And (3) spraying missible oil, wherein the volume of the missible oil is 120-150 mL per mu, and 50kg of water is added for spraying, and soil sealing is carried out.
In the present invention, the mulching film is preferably a black herbicidal mulching film.
The invention adopts stage sowing, namely, the bean seeds of each variety are sown in 4-5 sowing periods, preferably in 4 sowing periods, the bean seeds of three varieties are sown simultaneously in each period, and the three varieties are sown in different plots.
In the present invention, the time of the first sowing period is preferably 4 months 13 to 4 months 23 days, and more preferably 4 months 18 days.
In the present invention, the interval between the sowing periods is preferably 8 to 12 days, and more preferably 10 days.
In the invention, the seeding is preferably carried out according to the standard that the seeding depth is uniform, the row spacing and the hole spacing are uniform, the seeding quantity is uniform and the full seedlings are ensured to be sowed at one time.
In the present invention, the sowing depth is preferably 3 to 4cm, and more preferably 3.5cm; the sowing row spacing is preferably 35-40 cm, and further preferably 38cm; the seeding hole distance is preferably 15-25 cm, and further preferably 20cm; the seeding rate is preferably 1 to 2 seeds per hole, and more preferably 2 seeds per hole.
In the present invention, the sowing is preferably precision sowing using a hand-push slide-type sowing machine.
In the invention, before sowing, the bean seeds are preferably mixed with 8-12 kg of microbial inoculum: seed dressing with the mass volume ratio of 120-180 mL, and further preferably selecting the mass volume ratio of 10kg:150mL seed dressing, and sowing with the dressing.
In the present invention, the microbial inoculum is preferably a soybean rhizobium inoculant. The soybean rhizobium inoculant is special rhizobium azotobacter for soybean produced by Ningxianuodman biotechnology limited company, and the number of live bacteria is more than or equal to 20 hundred million/mL.
The invention adopts fine management: timely putting seedlings when the 2 leaves of the green soy beans are exposed out of the ground; herbicide is sprayed and applied to weed in the 3-leaf period of the green soy bean; removing the weeds when the height of the green soybean plants is 10-15 cm; watering is not carried out in the seedling stage of the green soybean until the green soybean blooms and pod bearing; and topdressing a leaf fertilizer in the green soybean swelling period.
In the present invention, it is preferable to manually release the cotyledons covered with the mulching film during the seedling release. Care was taken during this period to prevent bird pecking.
In the invention, the herbicide sprayed in the 3-leaf period of the green soy bean is preferably 8.8 percent quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil and 250 g.L -1 Fomesafen aqueous solution; preferably according to the proportion of 50mL of 8.8 percent quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil and 250 g.L -1 60-100 mL of fomesafen water aqua is mixed and then added with 50kg of water, 40-50L of fomesafen water aqua is sprayed per mu to prevent and kill the weeds among membranes.
In the invention, the green soybeans are irrigated for 1 time in the flowering and pod bearing periods respectively, and the irrigation quantity is preferably 60-80 m 3 Per mu, more preferably 70m 3 Per mu.
In the invention, the foliar fertilizer is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and is preferably sprayed by adding 150g of monopotassium phosphate and 50kg of water per mu; preferably, the application is carried out 1 to 2 times.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, according to the variety selection standard that the yield is high, the quality is excellent, the stress resistance is strong, the marketability is good, the taste is fragrant and glutinous or crisp and sweet, and the pod-setting uniform ripening stage is consistent, the young soybean varieties for the fresh edible vegetables, namely, the early-maturing threo-New No. 6, the late-maturing Xiaonongqiyan and the extremely-late-maturing Jindou No. 39, which are suitable for the ecological environment conditions of the Ningxia irrigated area are selected. And selecting bean seeds with large and full grains, the purity of 97% or more and the germination rate of 95% or more, and detecting that the seed quality meets the requirements of GB 4404.2-2010.
Mechanical soil preparation is adopted 2 days before sowing, and 250kg of organic fertilizer, 7.5kg of urea, 10kg of diammonium phosphate, 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 3.5kg of potassium fertilizer and 1.5kg of 3% phoxim granules are applied to each mu at the same time. After the soil is prepared, a black weeding mulching film is covered for waiting for sowing. Before mulching, 960 g.L of s-metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed -1 Emulsifiable concentrate herbicide (per mu)Spraying 120-150 mL of missible oil with 50kg of water), and sealing the soil.
The sowing period is from 18 days in 4 months to 18 days in 5 months, each day is 10 days, the sowing period is divided into 4 periods, and the first period is 18 days in 4 months. 150mL of the soybean rhizobium inoculant is used for dressing every 10kg of soybean seeds before sowing, and the soybean rhizobium inoculant can be used along with the dressing. When in seeding, a hand-push slideway type seeder is adopted for precision seeding, the seeding depth is 3-4 cm, the seeding row spacing is 38cm, the seeding hole spacing is 20cm, 2 seeds are sowed in each hole, the uniform seeding depth, the uniform row spacing and hole spacing and the uniform seeding quantity are realized, and the full seedlings are ensured to be discharged at one time.
Carefully managing after young green soy beans emerge, timely putting the young green soy beans when 2 leaves of the green soy beans are exposed out of the ground, and paying attention to prevent birds from pecking in the period; spraying 8.8 percent quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil and 250 g.L in the 3-leaf period of green soy bean -1 Fomesafen aqua (50 mL and 250 g.L of 8.8 percent quizalofop-p-ethyl missible oil) -1 80mL of fomesafen water aqua is mixed with 50kg of water, and 40-50L of fomesafen water aqua is sprayed per mu) to prevent and kill the weeds between membranes; removing the weeds when the height of the green soybean plants is 10-15 cm; the green soybean is not watered in seedling stage, and is watered for 1 time in flowering and pod bearing stage, with a volume of 70m per mu 3 (ii) a And (3) topdressing a foliar fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the green soybean granulation stage, wherein 150g of monopotassium phosphate is added with 50kg of water for spraying for each mu, and topdressing is carried out for 2 times.
The field pod swelling rate in the middle ten days of 8 months is more than 85%, the pod color is verdure, the fresh green soybeans begin to be picked, the picking is finished in the middle and last ten days of 9 months, the picking period of the green soybeans lasts for about 50 days, and 800-900 kg of fresh green soybeans can be picked per mu.
From the embodiment 1, the invention provides the cultivation method for continuously picking the green soy beans for the fresh edible vegetable, which prolongs the green soy bean picking period to about 50 days and improves the yield of the green soy beans. The invention realizes continuous and continuous picking of fresh green soy beans, effectively prolongs the market supply period of the green soy beans, and ensures the freshness, appearance quality, seed quality and commodity rate of the green soy beans. Overcomes the problems of single green soybean variety planting, short picking period, concentrated marketing, limited market supply period and the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for continuously picking fresh green soy beans for edible vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting a variety: selecting three varieties of early-maturing, late-maturing and extremely late-maturing, and carefully selecting bean seeds; the growth period of the early maturing variety is 115 to 125d, the growth period of the late maturing variety is 130 to 140d, and the growth period of the extremely late maturing variety is 145 to 155d;
(2) Land preparation and fertilization: preparing soil 1 to 2 days before sowing, simultaneously applying base fertilizer and insect repellent, spraying herbicide, covering a mulching film, and sealing soil;
(3) Sowing in stages: sowing the bean seeds of each variety in 4 to 5 sowing periods, simultaneously sowing the bean seeds of three varieties in each period, wherein the three varieties are different in land parcel; the interval of the sowing periods is 8 to 12 days; the row spacing of the sowing is 35 to 40cm, the hole spacing of the sowing is 15 to 25cm, 1 to 2 grains are sowed in each hole, and the sowing depth is 3 to 4 cm;
(4) Fine management: timely putting seedlings when the leaves of the green soy beans 2 are exposed out of the ground; herbicide is sprayed to weed in 3 leaf-compound periods of green soy beans; removing the weed when the height of the green soybean plant is 10 to 15 cm; watering is not carried out in the seedling stage of the green soybean until the green soybean blooms and pod bearing; topdressing a leaf fertilizer in the green soybean swelling stage;
(5) Picking in due time: picking when the rate of the pod balling in the field reaches more than 85% and the pod color is emerald green;
the standard for selecting varieties is as follows: selecting a variety with high yield, high quality, strong stress resistance, good commodity, fragrant and glutinous taste or crisp and sweet taste, uniform pod formation and consistent mature period; the standard of the selected bean species is as follows: selecting bean seeds with large and full grains, the purity of 97 percent or more and the germination rate of 95 percent or more;
the early-maturing variety is Suxin No. 6, the late-maturing variety is Xiaonongqiyan, and the extremely late-maturing variety is Jindou No. 39.
2. The method for cultivating fresh edible green soy beans without interruption as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the inorganic fertilizer comprises one or more of urea, diammonium phosphate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.
3. The cultivation method for the uninterrupted picking of the green soy beans for the fresh vegetables as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 200-300 kg/mu, the application amount of the urea is 7-8 kg/mu, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-12 kg/mu, the application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 15-25 kg/mu, and the application amount of the potassium fertilizer is 3-4 kg/mu.
4. The cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh vegetables as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the bean seeds are mixed with fungicide in an amount of 8-12 kg: and (4) dressing seeds according to the mass volume ratio of 120-180 mL, and sowing while stirring.
5. The method for cultivating green soy beans for fresh vegetables without interruption as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation amount of the irrigation water in step (4) is 60-80 m 3 Per mu.
6. The cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh vegetables as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step (4), the foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and is applied for 1 to 2 times.
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| CN103597969A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-02-26 | 烟台民大生航天育种产品开发有限公司 | Space soybean cultivation technique |
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| CN109997644A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-07-12 | 呼伦贝尔市农业科学研究所(呼伦贝尔市马铃薯大豆专业研究所) | A kind of Spring Sowing Soybean in Northern is in one Nian Sidai raising technology of Northeast Heavy Frigid Region of China |
| CN110915592A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-27 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | Soybean cultivation method |
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- 2020-12-07 CN CN202011417625.XA patent/CN112470848B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101194565A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2008-06-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cultivation method for prolonging fresh spike picking time of sweet and glutinous corn |
| CN103597969A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-02-26 | 烟台民大生航天育种产品开发有限公司 | Space soybean cultivation technique |
| CN104115641A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-29 | 和县海豪蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating green soy beans through greenhouse in early spring |
| CN109997644A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-07-12 | 呼伦贝尔市农业科学研究所(呼伦贝尔市马铃薯大豆专业研究所) | A kind of Spring Sowing Soybean in Northern is in one Nian Sidai raising technology of Northeast Heavy Frigid Region of China |
| CN110915592A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-27 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | Soybean cultivation method |
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