CN103202208A

CN103202208A - Early season rice soilless rice seedling raising technology without accelerating germination

Info

Publication number: CN103202208A
Application number: CN2012105394585A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-12-11
Filing date: 2012-12-11
Publication date: 2013-07-17
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-11
Also published as: CN103202208B

Abstract

The invention discloses an early season rice soilless rice seedling raising technology without accelerating germination. The technology mainly comprises four steps of disinfecting and soaking seeds, seedbed soil preparation, seedbed seeding and seedbed management. The technology is characterized in that saw timber powders are used as materials of seedbed culture soil so that the culture soil is loose, breathable, heat-preservation and moisture-retention. The technology has the advantages that seedling growth is early, seedlings grow rapidly, qualities are good, the seedlings are anti-freeze and anti-rotting, the surviving rate is high, the rice seedlings vigorously grow at earlier stage after transplanted into land fields, the yield is high at later stage, costs are reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, and the technology is simple, convenient, easy to implement, suitable for large area factory intensive seedling raising and for small area peasant household individualized seedling raising, changeable in scale of seedling raising and wide in development prospect.

Description

Early rice is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology

Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of early rice seedling-cultivation technique, and especially a kind of early rice is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, belongs to agricultural rice seedling field.

The background technology rice cropping is that human being's production history is the longest, one of proportion of crop planting mode that area is the widest.In double cropping rice plantation area, during the common early rice seedling, the impermanence of ubiquity temperature Change, overcast and rainy changeable, cold current is frequent, brings a lot of difficulties for the early rice seedling.In time cultivating healthy and strong rice shoot is important prerequisite and the basis of early rice high-yield culture stable yields.Cultivating seedlings in paddy field is gone through in existing traditional early rice seedling, the steam seedling, and two sections water-raised seedlings, four generations seedling-cultivation technique such as non-irrigated seedling though it has his own strong points, remains in deficiency.Mainly be subjected to the influence restriction of Changes in weather big as cultivating seedlings in paddy field; The main production cost height of steam seedling, the technology operation easier is big; Two sections water-raised seedlings are mainly operated tired lock, and labour intensity is big; The main disease of drought seedling is serious, is difficult to prevention.Therefore, for a long time, early rice seedling innovation is a kind of both grown fast, quality is good, survival rate is high, simultaneously again easy operating, reduce cost, safe and reliable seedling-cultivation technique become the active demand of current vast farmers.

Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of early rice to exempt from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, this technology seedling development early, growth is fast, quality is good, be not afraid of freeze, not seedling rot, survival rate height, behind the shoot transplanting equipment land for growing field crops, early stage, growing way was prosperous, later stage output height, and also letter makes easy row, reduce cost, reduce labor intensity, both be applicable to the intensive seedling of large tracts of land factory, be applicable to the individuation seedling of small size peasant household again.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of early rice is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, mainly finished by sterilization seed soaking, seed bed preparation, seeding in nursery bed, four steps of seedbed management, and the concrete method of raising seedling of each step is:

A, sterilization seed soaking are used strong chlorine oil soaking disinfection 3-5 hour with seed earlier prior to seeding one evening, do with clear water flushing filter then; Soak seed hybrid seed seed soaking 8 hours, conventional seed-soaking 10 hours again in the warm water with 35 ℃ of seed placements; Treat to pull seed out airing second day morning, prepare sowing.

The vacant lot that draining is good, leeward on the sunny side, nearer from dwelling house, be convenient to manage is selected in B, seed bed preparation seedbed; Earlier with the cleaning leveling of the face of land, seedbed, again the seedbed is made into widely 100 centimetres, long according to cultivated area and landform and fixed long furrow, per 666.7 square metres of lands for growing field crops need be equipped with seedbed long furrow 6-7 rice usually, and the pavement is stayed in order to operate by the alternate place of long furrow, and the drain ditch has been taken out in the seedbed on every side; The seedbed ridging is made matrix with sawdust, spreads the sawdust of one deck 3 cm thicks earlier, the composite fertilizer of evenly spreading one deck 45% then, and consumption is every square metre 170 gram; Repave the sawdust of last layer 7 cm thicks; With plank the sawdust compacting is flattened.

C, seeding in nursery bed will " be pacified prestige well " with the seed dressing that helps prevention and elimination of disease and pests through seed soaking seed to be broadcast earlier and evenly be mixed, and uniform broadcasting is on the sawdust seedbed then, and the seeding quantity crossbreed is every square metre 420 gram, and conventional to plant every square metre be 1100 grams; After planting cover the sawdust of one deck 2 cm thicks again, with plank compacting gently; Then water, water and evenly to irrigate, can see that sawdust spilling water occurs and is advisable; Cover the long furrow in seedbed with film at last, real with soil pressure on the limit.

D, seedbed management after planting 7 days left and right sides rice shoots usually begin to grow, and will send out arch support film with bamboo chip when the rice shoot in seedbed 10% grows, and both sides are real with soil pressure; After the rice shoot in seedbed 90% grows, open the ventilation of film two in the morning 10 of fine day up at 3 o'clock in afternoon; Cloudy day does not then need to open membrane gas treatment, but overcast and rainy continuous appearance still will select the 2-3 of period at noon to open the ventilation of film two in individual hour after 3 days every day; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60% wholeheartedly the time, in time sprays foliage fertilizer to two leaves one time, as with high-grade compound fertilizer of compound, spray treasured, four bag tires etc., the fertilising of generally not watering later on; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60%, removes film and carries out hardening, in order to transplanting wholeheartedly the time to three leaf; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60% will be in time with the shoot transplanting equipment land for growing field crops wholeheartedly the time to four leaves, to water sufficient water to the seedbed the previous day transplanting, be convenient to lift seedlings to help.

Key technology of the present invention is, the selecting for use of seedbed seedling compost.It is raw material that seedling compost of the present invention is selected sawdust for use, can effectively accelerate seedling growth speed, improves the quality of seedlings.This be because: the one, the sawdust heat and moisture preserving.Because the loose permeability of sawdust is good; and directly contact with ground; can directly absorb surface temperature, in seed was spread on sawdust, seed can take full advantage of ground temperature vernalization; not only temperature is very steady; can not produce mashed kind of mashed bud phenomenon, and sawdust heat and moisture preserving performance is good, even temperature is low again; seed can not occur mashed kind because being subjected to sawdust protection yet.The 2nd, the sawdust clean hygiene.As the saying goes, be three fens poison of soil, and the soil profile complexity contains the assorted bacterium of multiple toxin, occurs damage by disease and insect easily, and sawdust is loose ventilation not only, and relative clean, is difficult to damage by disease and insect takes place, and is conducive to the healthy and safe growth of rice shoot.The 3rd, sawdust is in light weight.Be convenient to pull seedling and conveying, reduce labor intensity greatly.The 4th, the sawdust raw material sources are wide, and production cost is low, wide accommodation, and the big I of consumption is grasped flexibly.The 5th, the rice shoot of sawdust training the region between the heart and the diaphragm, turn green after the transplanting fast, growing way is good, volume increase shows heat.Raising rice seedlings is done long root, wet long seedling.With sawdust training the region between the heart and the diaphragm rice shoot, the few water phenomenon of fertilizer deficiency can appear in rice shoot relatively, and rice shoot slightly is withered yellow, but rice shoot is grown well developed root system under drought environment.After in a single day rice shoot transplanted the land for growing field crops, water breakthrough was seen the ramp of fertile just energy.In sum, the advantage that early rice of the present invention is exempted from vernalization and do not have native the region between the heart and the diaphragm seedling technology is, seedling development early, growth is fast, quality is good, be not afraid of freeze, not seedling rot, survival rate height; Behind the shoot transplanting equipment land for growing field crops, early stage, growing way was fast, later stage output height; Simple and easy to do, reduce cost, reduce labor intensity; Both be suitable for the intensive seedling of large tracts of land factory, be suitable for the individuation seedling of small size peasant household again.

Embodiment is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology specific embodiment below in conjunction with early rice and is further set forth beneficial effect of the present invention.

The inventor is located in the Xinning County, Hunan Province, belongs to agricultural county, Nanshan District, the western Hunan, and local agricultural production is based on rice cultivation, and 90% peasant household plantation double cropping rice.Therefore, when firmly grasp spring and the sowing seedling, cultivate very crux of strong seedling.The inventor uses early rice of the present invention instead in locality innovation in recent years and exempts from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, receives positive effect, and its maximum characteristics are, seedling is simple and easy to do, and scale is changeable, reduces labor intensity, and the seedling growth is fast, the survival rate height.Especially so that early stage behind the shoot transplanting equipment land for growing field crops, growing way was prosperous, later stage output height more and more is subjected to the peasant and welcomes.Seedling good half a year of standing grain.The early rice seedling is first pass that early rice obtains stable high yield.During the early rice seedling of China's double cropping rice cultural area, the temperature Change impermanence, overcast and rainy many, cold current is frequent, brings a lot of difficulties for the early rice seedling, and therefore, the present invention applies in the paddy fields territory has great real directive significance.Now in conjunction with local actual, early rice of the present invention exempted from vernalization does not have native the region between the heart and the diaphragm seedling technical essential and be summarized as follows:

One, kind is selected to select comprehensive proterties good, the improved seeds of rice worm of fine quality, disease-resistant, moderate growth duration.The leading Hybrid of Hunan Province in 2012 Xinning County early rice is " strain two excellent 02 ", " strain two excellent 505 " etc., and general conventional rice is " in good 17 ", " good educate 21 " etc.

Two, begin sowing in good time early spring temperature low, rainwater is many, Changes in weather is variable, should be in mid-March, promptly " the warm head of the cold tail " time, rob fine sowing.To guarantee sowing quantity simultaneously.The conventional rice of seedling of the present invention per 666.7 square metres with kind of a 6-7 kilogram, hybrid rice per 666.7 square metres with kind of a 2-2.5 kilogram.

Three, the sterilization seed soaking is used strong chlorine oil soaking disinfection 3-5 hour with seed earlier prior to seeding one evening, washes airing with clear water then; Soak seed hybrid seed seed soaking 8 hours, conventional seed-soaking 10 hours again in the warm water with 35 ℃ of seed placements; Treat to pull seed out airing second day morning, prepare sowing.

Four, the vacant lot that draining is good, leeward on the sunny side, nearer from dwelling house, be convenient to manage is selected in the seed bed preparation seedbed; Earlier with the cleaning leveling of the face of land, seedbed, again the seedbed is made into widely 100 centimetres, long according to cultivated area and landform and fixed long furrow, common 666.7 square metres of lands for growing field crops need be equipped with seedbed long furrow 6-7 rice, and the pavement is stayed in order to operate by the alternate place of long furrow, and the drain ditch has been taken out in the seedbed on every side; The seedbed ridging is made matrix with sawdust, spreads the sawdust of one deck 3 cm thicks earlier, the composite fertilizer of evenly spreading one deck 45% then, and consumption is every square metre 170 gram; Repave the sawdust of last layer 7 cm thicks; With plank the sawdust compacting is flattened.

Five, seeding in nursery bed will " be pacified prestige well " with the seed dressing that helps prevention and elimination of disease and pests through seed soaking seed to be broadcast earlier and evenly be mixed, and uniform broadcasting is on the sawdust seedbed then, and seeding quantity is that crossbreed is every square metre 420 gram, and conventional to plant every square metre be 1100 grams; After planting cover the sawdust of one deck 2 cm thicks again, with plank compacting gently; Then water, water and evenly to irrigate, can see that sawdust spilling water occurs and is advisable; Cover the long furrow in seedbed with film at last, real with soil pressure on the limit.

Six, seedbed management begins to grow at rice shoot in after planting 7 days left sides usually, will send out arch support film with bamboo chip when the rice shoot in seedbed 10% grows, and both sides are real with soil pressure; After the rice shoot in seedbed 90% grows, open the ventilation of film two in the morning 10 of fine day up at 3 o'clock in afternoon; Cloudy day does not then need to open membrane gas treatment, but overcast and rainy continuous appearance still will select period at noon 2-3 to open the ventilation of film two in individual hour after 3 days every day; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60% wholeheartedly the time, in time sprays foliage fertilizer to two leaves one time, as with high-grade compound fertilizer of compound, spray treasured, four bag tires etc., the fertilising of generally not watering later on; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60%, removes film and carries out hardening, in order to transplanting wholeheartedly the time to three leaf; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60% will be in time with the shoot transplanting equipment land for growing field crops wholeheartedly the time to four leaves, to water sufficient water to the seedbed the previous day transplanting, be convenient to lift seedlings to help.

Claims

1. an early rice is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, it is characterized in that being finished by sterilization seed soaking, seed bed preparation, seeding in nursery bed, four steps of seedbed management, wherein the method for raising seedling of sterilization seed soaking is: prior to seeding one evening, earlier seed is used strong chlorine oil soaking disinfection 3-5 hour, do with clear water flushing filter then; Soak seed hybrid seed seed soaking 8 hours, conventional seed-soaking 10 hours again in the warm water with 35 ℃ of seed placements; Treat to pull seed out airing second day morning, prepare sowing.

2. a kind of early rice according to claim 1 is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, it is characterized in that the method for raising seedling of described seed bed preparation is: the vacant lot that draining is good, leeward on the sunny side, nearer from dwelling house, be convenient to manage is selected in the seedbed; Earlier with the cleaning leveling of the face of land, seedbed, again the seedbed is made into widely 100 centimetres, long according to seeding quantity and landform and fixed long furrow, per 666.7 square metres of lands for growing field crops need be equipped with seedbed long furrow 6-7 rice usually, and the pavement is stayed in order to operate by the alternate place of long furrow, and the drain ditch has been taken out in the seedbed on every side; The seedbed ridging is made matrix with sawdust, spreads the sawdust of one deck 3 cm thicks earlier, the composite fertilizer of evenly spreading one deck 45% then, and consumption is every square metre 170 gram; Repave the sawdust of last layer 7 cm thicks; With plank the sawdust compacting is flattened.

3. a kind of early rice according to claim 1 is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, the method of raising seedling that it is characterized in that described seeding in nursery bed is: will " pacify prestige well " with the seed dressing that helps prevention and elimination of disease and pests through seed soaking seed to be broadcast earlier and evenly mix, uniform broadcasting is on the sawdust seedbed then, seeding quantity is every square metre 420 gram of crossbreed, every square metre 1100 gram of conventional kind; After planting cover the sawdust of one deck 2 cm thicks again, with plank compacting gently; Then water, water and evenly to irrigate, can see that sawdust spilling water occurs and is advisable; Cover the long furrow in seedbed with film at last, real with soil pressure on the limit.

4. a kind of early rice according to claim 1 is exempted from vernalization soilless breeding seeding technology, the method of raising seedling that it is characterized in that described seedbed management is: after planting 7 days left sides begin to grow at rice shoot usually, will send out arch support film with bamboo chip when the rice shoot in seedbed 10% grows, both sides are real with soil pressure; After the rice shoot in seedbed 90% grows, open the ventilation of film two in the morning 10 of fine day up at 3 o'clock in afternoon; Cloudy day does not then need to open membrane gas treatment, but overcast and rainy continuous appearance still will select the 2-3 of period at noon to open the ventilation of film two in individual hour after 3 days every day; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60% wholeheartedly the time, in time sprays foliage fertilizer to two leaves one time, as with high-grade compound fertilizer of compound, spray treasured, four bag tires etc., the fertilising of generally not watering later on; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60%, removes film and carries out hardening, in order to transplanting wholeheartedly the time to three leaf; When the rice shoot length in seedbed 60% will be in time with the shoot transplanting equipment land for growing field crops wholeheartedly the time to four leaves, to water sufficient water to the seedbed the previous day transplanting, be convenient to lift seedlings to help.