CN102282987B - Cultivation method for premature small watermelon - Google Patents
Cultivation method for premature small watermelon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a cultivation method for premature small watermelon. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) grafting and raising seedlings: the sowing time of stocks is the first ten days and the middle ten days of December, and scions are sowed in 7 to 12 days later than the stocks; (2) planting grafted seedlings, and performing heat insulation and temperature rise by adopting four-layer coverage of a big shed, a medium shed, a small shed, a mulching film and an electric heating wire; (3) controlling the temperature; (4) pruning with a double-vine or three-vine pruning method; (5) performing artificial pollination and leaving fruits: performing artificial pollination when the second female flower of the main vine and the first female flower of the side vine come out; and (6) harvesting. The harvesting time of the premature small watermelon cultivated by using the method is advanced to the middle ten days and the last ten days of April and advanced by 20 to 30 days compared with the conventional greenhouse cultivated watermelon, and the harvesting time is kept away from the plum rain season of the southern district, so that high yield and stable yield are ensured. Not only the market demand is met, but also the yield and the economic benefit are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture field, be specifically related to a kind of small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method.
Background technology
Along with people's growth in the living standard, consumption structure and diet idea are also being brought in constant renewal in.People are to the consumption demand of watermelon, no longer are that to quench one's thirst to relieve summer heat summer be main, but pursue quality, characteristic, anniversaryization and variation; In recent years; Fruit weight at the small-sized variety of watermelon of 1～2kg because mouthfeel is good, article are of fine quality, commodity is outstanding, and the listing phase reach 8 months, meet people's consumption habit; Extremely the consumer welcomes, and demand increases day by day.The huge consumption market of small-sized watermelon has promoted the adjustment of growth of watermelon structure, short, the suitable variation cultivation of simultaneously small-sized watermelon growing phase, general every 667m
2Output 2500kg～4000kg, the market sale price can be up to 10 yuan/kg, and planting benefit is remarkable, and the production of small-sized watermelon is greatly developed in various places, and planting proportion constantly increases, and market prospects are very considerable.
But small-sized watermelon seed is little and expensive, and a little less than the growth of seedling gesture, each growth period is to temperature, light, water, relatively strictness of fertile requirement, and single fruit weight is 1～2kg only, therefore improves output, quality, and listing ahead of time is scale, the basis of standardize production and development.And there are problems in the current production; Ealy maturing culture drops into bigger; The natural conditions in early spring (low temperature, cloudy weather for several days running etc.) are unfavorable for the watermelon normal growth, and the existing planting type listing phase is later, and early yield is undesirable; Later stage also has very big room for promotion just as plum rain season or the like on the planting benefit.
Adopt booth+hut coverage mode in the present small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture, output, the output value improve than outdoor cropping, and the listing phase is mid or late May; The fruiting period planting environment is hot and humid; Soil-borne disease takes place serious, and the middle and later periods is at a time when plum rain season often causes greater loss as a result.
Utilize the protection facility and the facilities of heating such as booth, build suitable planting environment, take rational culture technique means, can make the mini watermelon maturing stage, realize precocity, high yield, stable yields and favorable economic benefit ahead of time to mid or late April.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to background technology proposes the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method.Cultivating small-sized watermelon with this method can go on the market the phase ahead of time, increases the yield per unit area and planting benefit, enhances disease resistance, and prolongs picking time.
The object of the invention can be realized through following technical scheme:
A kind of small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method, it is may further comprise the steps:
(1) graft seedling growth: the seedbed adopts heating wire to heat; Stock sowing time is the early and middle ten days in December, and scion was than stock late sowing 7～12 days;
(2) field planting: apply base manure and do furrow wholely; The ON operation ditch is opened the field planting ditch on the flat furrow on operation ditch both sides, in the field planting ditch fertilising and lay the ground hot line after, the field planting grafting; Adopt booth+middle canopy+hut+four layers of covering of mulch film, raise, gradually reduce covering with temperature;
(3) temperature control: can add the temperature control canopy temperature through covering, ventilation and heating wire, after the field planting 7～10 days, to seal booth daytime and heat and preserve moisture, daytime, temperature was 30 ℃～32 ℃, and night is more than 18 ℃; Behind the slow seedling daytime 20 ℃～25 ℃ of temperature, night, temperature was more than 15 ℃; Sit after the melon 25 ℃～32 ℃ of temperature in daytime, night, temperature was 15～20 ℃;
(4) training: adopt two climing or three climing trainings;
(5) artificial pollination and stay fruit: main climing second female flower, artificial pollination when lateral bine first female flower is open;
(6) gather: plant blossom is awarded behind the branch and to be begun to gather in 28～32 days.
Above-mentioned small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method, it is to adopt nutritive cube that native graft seedling growth or light matrix cave dish graft seedling growth are arranged, and stock is selected the long-neck cucurbit for use; Top method of plant propagation with cutting grafting treats that stock rough leaf diameter reaches 3cm, grafting when the scion cotyledon is open and flat; Note after the grafting be incubated, preserve moisture, management such as shading, ventilation, disease prevention, cultivation strong sprout.
Above-mentioned small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method, it is that described base manure and consumption thereof are every 667m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg, cake fertilizer 100kg becomes thoroughly decomposed; Or every 667m
2Execute 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 100kg.
Above-mentioned small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method, it is described field planting furrow width 30～40cm, about dark 30cm; When applying fertilizer in the field planting ditch; The fertilizer of being executed is: bottom is laid thick 8～10cm straw; Is spore content >=100,000,000/gram bacillus main stalk fermentation composite bacteria agent capable and wheat bran, water are to mix at 1: 15: 14 by mass ratio, evenly spreads on the straw, and per hundred meters bacterial classification consumptions 400～600 restrain; 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 25kg is spread fertilizer over the fields for per hundred meters in the middle level; 10～15cm fine earth is laid on the upper strata; Every ditch is laid a ground hot line, field planting grafting on the ground hot line, the leveling of banketing.
Above-mentioned small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method is characterized in that 3～4 true leaves of grafting, field planting during the plant height 15cm left and right sides; Field planting spacing in the rows 30cm, every 667m
2Plant about 500 strains.
Above-mentioned small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method after it is that first batch of small-sized watermelon of precocity gathered, follow-uply can be carried out second batch of ratooning or rice cropping.
Above-mentioned small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method, it is that described ratooning method is young sprout regeneration or cuts climing regeneration.
Above-mentioned small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method; After it is that first batch of small-sized watermelon of precocity gathered; Follow-up when carrying out rice cropping, in order to replenish the consumption of soil and fertilizer in the watermelon growing process, 7～10d after sitting melon; 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK of spreading manuer in holes apart from plant 30cm place, every cave 25g; After gathering, every cave imposes 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 50g at every turn.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention takes rational culture technique means, builds suitable planting environment, makes the ripe phase be advanced to mid or late April, realizes precocity, high yield, stable yields and favorable economic benefit.
(1) precocity, the precocious small-sized watermelon listing phase is advanced to mid or late April, existing ealy maturing culture 20～30 days ahead of time, selling price has not only satisfied the market demand, and has improved output and economic benefit greatly up to 10 yuan/kg in earlier stage.
(2) highly efficient and productive, precocious small-sized cultivating watermelon has prolonged picking time, every 667m
2Output reaches 3000kg, and than spring ealy maturing culture raising the output 15%～20%, benefit increases by 50%～80%.
(3) breeding time, in advance stable yields at the beginning of the precocious small-sized watermelon fruit harvesting phase is mid or late April～6 month, was avoided the plum rain season of southern area, has guaranteed high yield, stable yields.
(4) exurb in, precocious small-sized cultivating watermelon has guaranteed the arrangement of paddy rice crops for rotation, the generation that has alleviated soil-borne disease simultaneously.
(5) cultivating groove is laid straw, and the one, play the effect of heat-insulation and heat-preservation; The 2nd, contain a large amount of nutritive elements and abundant organic matter in the rice straw, also behind the field per hundred kilograms can be soil 40 kilograms of organic matters and a large amount of N, P, K be provided, and various trace elements such as Si, Zn, Fe, Mn; Through spreading fertilizer over the fields the stalk fermentation microbial inoculum; Promote the stalk decomposition and inversion, improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content; Thereby reduced the chemical fertilizer usage amount, improved quality of agricultural product.
(6) precocious small-sized cultivating watermelon standard rich water quality management, improve the resistance of plant, guaranteed summer delayed culture in autumn maternal plant growth potential.
Embodiment
To combine specific embodiment that the present invention is done further detailed description below, but not constitute any restriction of the present invention.Embodiment 1 " precocious small-sized watermelon, Xia Qiu regenerate small-sized watermelon " cultivation mode
One, crops for rotation arrangement: first batch of small-sized watermelon of precocity.Stock early and middle ten days in December in sowing time, scion is than stock sowing in late 7～12 days, grafting when the scion cotyledon is open and flat; Booth+middle canopy+hut+four layers of culture underglass of mulch film are adopted in early and middle ten days field planting in February.Mid-April beginning receives to the early June end of gathering.Second batch of autumn in summer small-sized watermelon of regenerating, after watermelon was gathered and finished early June, 2～3 regeneration of plant base portion overgrowing branch of selecting and remain were gathered after 40～50 days.
Two, kind is selected: small-sized watermelon should be selected precocity, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, the good small fruit type variety of watermelon of quality.Like Xiao Lan, little wind, early spring carbuncle etc.Stock should be selected disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and is good with the scion compatibility, and the kind less to quality of watermelon influence is like the long-neck cucurbit etc.
Three, culture technique main points
First batch: ealy maturing culture
1, seeding and seedling raising
Adopt nutritive cube that native graft seedling growth or light matrix cave dish graft seedling growth are arranged.
Seedling medium: select for use the rural area soil of not planting melon crop to sieve fertilizer by 7: 3 volume ratio mixings with becoming thoroughly decomposed; Add in every cubic metre of nutrition soil and pulverize 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK (commercially available) 1.0kg; 50% carbendazim 100g, vexed native 3～5 days of epiphragma is for use; Or select for use physicochemical character good, air capacity of soils, preserve moisture and fertility property are good, the melon special-purpose seedling medium with balanced keeping ability.
The seedbed adopts heating wire to heat, and booth+hut+straw screen or mat covers.Select Φ 8～10cm nutritive cube or 32 cave seedling-cultivating trays for use.
Small-sized variety of watermelon is selected ' Xiao Lan ', ' carbuncle in early spring ' etc. for use, seed soaking after seed is hoted water treatment of seeds, and the stock seed soaked 16 hours, and ingraftment seed soaked 6 hours, placed 30 ℃ of insulating box vernalization again, sowed after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
Stock rough leaf diameter reaches about 3cm; When the scion cotyledon was open and flat, the true leaf and the growing point of stock were promptly removed in top method of plant propagation with cutting grafting; It is dark to become 45 tiltedly to stab about 0.5cm with bamboo let incision above stock along cotyledon line direction, till the hypocotyl stamp is led to a little; Get the scion seedling; Hypocotyl stays 1.5cm～2.0cm, with the double-edged razor blade cutter of splaying, and the long 0.5～0.8cm of tangent plane; Extract the bamboo let in the stock rapidly; The scion hypocotyl that is whittled into the inclined-plane is gone in the stock by bamboo let direction of insertion oblique cutting exactly, make it just to coincide, and scion cotyledon direction and stock cotyledon across are intersected with the stock otch.Note after the grafting be incubated, preserve moisture, management such as shading, ventilation, disease prevention, cultivation strong sprout.
2, field planting
Mid-February, after the grafting 25～30 days, 3～4 true leaves of grafting, field planting during the plant height 15cm left and right sides.
Base manure: every 667m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg, the cake fertilizer 100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Or every 667m
2Execute 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK (commercially available) 100kg.
Bedding: adopt 6-type standard booth, open wide 50cm, dark 20cm operation ditch in the middle of the booth.The dressing furrow of the wide 30cm of excavation, dark 30cm applies base manure in the booth both sides, apart from 80cm place, booth limit, fertile, native mixing, and flat furrow are done in leveling.
Mode of planting: select fine field planting.Every ridge cultivation is planted delegation, spacing in the rows 30cm, general every 667m
2Plant about 500 strains.Preceding 10～15 days of field planting is opened the field planting ditch apart from operation ditch 20～30cm place on the furrow face, and furrow width 30～40cm is about dark 30cm; Fertilising in the field planting ditch: bottom is laid thick 8～10cm straw, having peace of mind; Selecting spore content >=100,000,000/gram bacillus for use is main stalk fermentation composite bacteria agent capable (commercially available, the wide benevolence bio tech ltd in Baoji), and by microbial inoculum: wheat bran: water is to mix at 1: 15: 14, evenly spreads on the straw, and per hundred meters bacterial classification consumptions 400～600 restrain; 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 25kg is spread fertilizer over the fields for per hundred meters in the middle level; 10～15cm fine earth is laid on the upper strata; Every the field planting ditch is laid a ground hot line, field planting grafting on the ground hot line, the leveling of banketing.Water sufficient water, a slight irrigation flexible pipe is laid at nearly root place, and whole then flat furrow face covers with black mulch film, and on ground, seedling 10cm place, beats diameter 1.5cm aperture, until the field planting bottom of trench, keeps the time of infertility pore penetrating.Every capable plant by wide 1.0～1.2m, rise 50m and build hut; Hut is built canopy among wide 2.5～3.0m outward, covers the shed film, and the sealing booth thermal insulation is preserved moisture.Adopt four layers of covering, i.e. booth+middle canopy+hut+mulch film; Raise with temperature, gradually reduce covering.
3, temperature control: can heat through covering, ventilation and heating wire and control.After the field planting 7～10 days, to seal booth daytime and heat to preserve moisture and delay seedling, daytime, temperature was 30 ℃～32 ℃, and night is more than 18 ℃; Behind the slow seedling daytime 20 ℃～25 ℃ of temperature, night, temperature was more than 15 ℃; Sit after the melon 25 ℃～32 ℃ of temperature in daytime, night, temperature was 15～20 ℃.2～March, low temperature season can adopt heating wire to heat, and guaranteed that night, ground temperature was not less than 15 ℃.
4, prune and draw climing: two climing trainings.Leading 1～2 the healthy and strong side shoot of selecting and remain below climing 5 joints, remove all the other lateral bines, extract tendril.Main, lateral bine selects keep down the vines of a creeping plant fine afternoon all to the traction of canopy edge direction by stages, makes between the cissoid not overlapping, main, lateral bine respectively stay 1～2 melon.
5, artificial pollination: main climing second female flower, artificial pollination when lateral bine first female flower is open.The open that morning 8 of female flower～10 o'clock is selected the male flower that opens with the different strain of kind for use, pollen directly is applied on the female flower column cap gently the sign pollination date.
6, gather
Mid-April picking time is to early June.Plant blossom pollination back about 28～32 days, the pericarp decorative pattern stretches, color is dark green, and the band carpopodium is cut, the packing listing.
Second batch: ratooning
Method one: young sprout regeneration, promptly first batch of melon growth later stage, utilize new climing setting main, that send on the lateral bine top.First batch of melon expands the later stage, foliage-spray 0.3～0.5% urea, 0.3～0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; The fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, every 667m2 executes 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 30kg, urea 10～15kg; Gather and finish cleaning rural area, back, root-growing agent is irritated root, short new climing healthy and strong growth; Can gather in general 40～50 days.
Method two: cut climing regeneration, promptly early June first batch of melon gather finish after, wipe out always apart from basal part of stem 30cm place climing, newly climing 2～3 of the base portions of selecting and remain.In conjunction with hoeing up weeds, the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes, every 667m
2Execute 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 30kg, urea 10～15kg, other management is the same, gathers after about 40～50 days.
Embodiment 2: " precocious small-sized watermelon, paddy rice " cultivation mode
One, crops for rotation arrangement: adopt watermelon+paddy rice pattern in the grain district, can greatly improve productivity effect.First batch of small-sized watermelon of precocity.Stock early and middle ten days in December in sowing time, scion is than stock sowing in late 7～12 days, grafting when the scion cotyledon is open and flat; Early and middle ten days field planting in February, mid-April～early June gathers.Second batch of paddy rice, the late May seedling, late June transplants, early and middle ten days harvesting in November.
Two, kind is selected: select precocity, low light tolerance, moisture-proof, the good small fruit type variety of watermelon of quality, like Xiao Lan, early spring carbuncle etc.Stock should be selected disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and is good with the scion compatibility, and the kind less to quality of watermelon influence is like the long-neck cucurbit etc.Late round-grained rice was as " force is educated kinds such as No. 3, round-grained rice during paddy rice was selected for use.
Three, culture technique main points:
First batch: small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture
1, seeding and seedling raising
The operating process of seeding and seedling raising is with the operating procedure among the embodiment 1.
2, field planting
Put in order the ground basal dressing: adopt the wide bamboo wood booth of 4.5m～5m, respectively open a wide 30cm in the booth both sides apart from 80cm place, booth limit, the dressing furrow of dark 30cm is pressed 667m often
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg, cake fertilizer 100kg becomes thoroughly decomposed; Or every 667m
2Execute 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK (commercially available) 100kg and in ditch, apply fertilizer, 2 flat furrow are made in leveling, and wide in the middle of the booth to be that the boundary opens 30cm, 20cm operates ditch deeply.Build canopy, cover the canopy film, close canopy and heat.
Field planting: February, early and middle ten days was selected fine field planting.Every ridge cultivation is planted delegation, spacing in the rows 30cm, general every 667m
2Plant about 500 strains.Opening the field planting ditch apart from operation ditch 20cm～30cm place, furrow width 30～40cm is about dark 30cm; Bottom is laid thick 8～10cm straw, having peace of mind; Selecting spore content >=100,000,000/gram bacillus for use is main stalk fermentation composite bacteria agent capable (commercially available, the wide benevolence bio tech ltd in Baoji), and by microbial inoculum: wheat bran: water is to mix at 1: 15: 14, evenly spreads on the straw, and per hundred meters bacterial classification consumptions 400～600 restrain; 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 25kg is spread fertilizer over the fields for per hundred meters in the middle level; 10～15cm fine earth is laid on the upper strata; Every ditch is laid a ground hot line, field planting grafting on the ground hot line, the leveling of banketing.Water sufficient water, a slight irrigation flexible pipe is laid at nearly root place, and whole then flat furrow face covers with black mulch film, and on ground, seedling 10cm place, beats diameter 1.5cm aperture, until the field planting bottom of trench, keeps the time of infertility pore penetrating.Every capable plant by wide 1.0～1.2m, rise 50m and build hut; Hut is built canopy among wide 2.5～3.0m outward, covers the shed film, and the sealing booth thermal insulation is preserved moisture.Adopt four layers of covering, i.e. booth+middle canopy+hut+mulch film; Raise with temperature, gradually reduce covering.Water during field planting permeable, no longer moisturizing in growth early stage; Before sitting melon, the under-film drip irrigation moisturizing once; After the knot melon, when the young melon on the most of plant in field long during to the fist size, the under-film drip irrigation moisturizing once, the back keeps ground moistening according to actual conditions; Gather and stopped to water in preceding 7 days.
3, temperature control: 7～10 days sealing booths heat and preserve moisture after the field planting, and daytime, temperature kept 30 ℃～32 ℃, and night is more than 18 ℃; Behind the slow seedling, the attention ventilation is fallen wet, and daytime, temperature was 20 ℃～25 ℃; Night, temperature was more than 15 ℃; Sit after the melon 25 ℃～32 ℃ of temperature in daytime, night, temperature was 15～20 ℃.2～March, low temperature season can adopt heating wire to heat, and guaranteed that night, ground temperature was not less than 15 ℃.When temperature of shed surpassed 35 ℃, lee face was suitably aeration-cooling; Like cloudy weather for several days running, stain, ventilation dewetting fall in draining in time; After the April early and middle ten days, throw off hut; In 5～June, strengthen the booth ventilation, the apron of can leaving behind during high temperature.
4, prune and draw climing: adopt two climing pruning methods.Operating process is with embodiment 1.
5, artificial pollination: mid-March, when main climing second female flower, artificial pollination when lateral bine first female flower is open.The open that morning 8 of female flower～10 o'clock is selected the male flower that opens with the different strain of kind for use, pollen directly is applied on the female flower column cap gently the sign pollination date.
6, gather
Mid-April picking time is to early June.Generally bloom back 28～32 days, the pericarp decorative pattern stretches, color is dark green, and the band carpopodium is cut, the packing listing.
In order to replenish the consumption of soil and fertilizer in the watermelon growing process, can be after sitting melon 7～10 days, 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK of spreading manuer in holes apart from plant 30cm place, every cave 25g; After gathering, every cave imposes 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 50g at every turn.
Second batch: paddy rice
Late round-grained rice was as " force is educated No. 3, round-grained rice etc. during paddy rice was selected for use.Sowing about May 25, the seedling of light seeding drought, 667m
2The seeding in nursery bed amount is controlled in the 30kg, and seedling land for growing field crops proportion control is about 1: 10.Every 667m
2Plant foot 3.0 ten thousand caves, use sufficient base manure, early use sufficient short fetilizer for tillering, fringe granulated fertilizer is mended in the back, early stage the shoaling layer intermittent irrigation, the field is put in draining, shallow temperature alternate irrigation of later stage.Keypoint control bakanae disease, three generations paddy stem borer, vertical volume snout moth's larva, rice fulgorid, rice blast etc.
First batch of every 667m of watermelon among embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2
2Output reaches 3000kg, and than spring ealy maturing culture raising the output 15%～20%, benefit increases by 50%～80%.And the watermelon listing phase be advanced to mid or late April, general ealy maturing culture 20～30 days ahead of time, early stage selling price up to 10 yuan/kg, not only satisfied the market demand, and improved output and economic benefit greatly.In first batch of mid or late April～June fruit harvesting phase, the setting phase is avoided the plum rain season of southern area, has guaranteed high yield, stable yields.The middle exurb of embodiment 2, precocious small-sized cultivating watermelon has guaranteed the arrangement of paddy rice crops for rotation, the generation that has alleviated soil-borne disease simultaneously.Cultivating groove is laid straw, and the one, play the effect of heat-insulation and heat-preservation; The 2nd, contain a large amount of nutritive elements and abundant organic matter in the rice straw, dry rice straw contains organic matter 40%, N 0.91%, P
2O
50.3%, K
2O 2.28%, Si 9.45%, also behind the field per hundred kilograms can be soil 40 kilograms of organic matters and a large amount of N, P, K be provided, and various trace elements such as Si, Zn, Fe, Mn; Through spreading fertilizer over the fields the stalk fermentation microbial inoculum; Promote the stalk decomposition and inversion, improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content; Thereby reduced the chemical fertilizer usage amount, improved quality of agricultural product.
Claims (7)
1. small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) graft seedling growth: the seedbed adopts heating wire to heat; Stock sowing time is the early and middle ten days in December, and scion was than stock late sowing 7 ~ 12 days;
(2) field planting: apply base manure and do furrow wholely; The ON operation ditch is opened the field planting ditch on the flat furrow on operation ditch both sides, fertilising and laying ground hot line in the field planting ditch, field planting grafting; Adopt booth+middle canopy+hut+four layers of covering of mulch film, raise, gradually reduce covering with temperature; Described field planting furrow width 30 ~ 40 cm are about dark 30cm; Fertilising in the field planting ditch; The fertilizer of being executed is: bottom is laid thick 8～10cm straw; Is spore content >=100,000,000/gram bacillus that main stalk fermentation composite bacteria agent capable is that 1:15:14 mixes thoroughly with wheat bran, water by mass ratio, evenly spreads on the straw, and per hundred meters bacterial classification consumptions 400～600 restrain; 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 25kg is spread fertilizer over the fields for per hundred meters in the middle level; 10～15cm fine earth is laid on the upper strata; Every the field planting ditch is laid a ground hot line, field planting grafting on the ground hot line, the leveling of banketing;
(3) temperature control: can add in the temperature control booth through covering, ventilation and heating wire and cultivate temperature, after the field planting 7～10 days, to seal booth daytime and heat and preserve moisture, daytime, temperature was 30 ℃～32 ℃, and night is more than 18 ℃; Behind the slow seedling daytime 20 ℃～25 ℃ of temperature, night, temperature was more than 15 ℃; Sit after the melon 25 ℃～32 ℃ of temperature in daytime, night, temperature was 15～20 ℃;
(4) training: adopt two climing or three climing trainings;
(5) artificial pollination and stay fruit: main climing second female flower, artificial pollination when lateral bine first female flower is open;
(6) gather: plant blossom pollination back began to gather in 28～32 days.
2. small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that adopting nutritive cube that native graft seedling growth or light matrix cave dish graft seedling growth are arranged, and stock is selected the long-neck cucurbit for use, top method of plant propagation with cutting grafting; Treat that stock rough leaf diameter reaches 3cm, grafting when the scion cotyledon is open and flat; Note after the grafting be incubated, preserve moisture, shading, ventilation, disease prevention management, cultivation strong sprout.
3. small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described base manure and consumption thereof are every 667m
2Execute well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg, cake fertilizer 100kg becomes thoroughly decomposed; Or every 667m
2Execute 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 100kg.
4. small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that 3～4 true leaves of grafting, field planting during the plant height 15cm left and right sides; Field planting spacing in the rows 30cm, per 667 m
2Plant about 500 strains.
5. small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that first batch of small-sized watermelon of precocity gathered after, follow-uply carry out second batch of ratooning or rice cropping.
6. small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method according to claim 5 is characterized in that described ratooning method is young sprout regeneration or cuts climing regeneration.
7. small-sized watermelon ealy maturing culture method according to claim 5; After it is characterized in that first batch of small-sized watermelon of precocity gathered; Follow-up when carrying out rice cropping, in order to replenish the consumption of soil and fertilizer in the watermelon growing process, 7～10d after sitting melon; 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK of spreading manuer in holes apart from plant 30cm place, every cave 25g; After gathering, every cave imposes 45% potassium sulphate (15-15-15) NPK 50g at every turn.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN102972189A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-03-20 | 北海市种子管理站 | Greenhouse cultivation method for small-size watermelons |
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| CN108401808A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-08-17 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Greenhouse watermelon and artemisia selengensis rotation cropping method |
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| CN111406587A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-07-14 | 河南羚锐制药股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin |
| CN112243810B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-09-27 | 宁夏大学 | In-situ two-crop cultivation method for watermelons in sand compaction land |
| CN113767789A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-12-10 | 孙景春 | Ground heating cold shed for melon planting and melon ground heating cold shed planting method |
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