CN111406587A - Method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin, which can effectively solve the problems of preventing leaf drop and fruit drop and ensuring yield and pesticide effect in the process of planting belladonna, and the method comprises the steps of selecting a land which has not been planted with solanaceae crops in the previous year in 8 months, has a deep soil layer, faces the sun and avoids wind and is convenient to drain and irrigate as a seedling raising land, fertilizing and ditching; selecting seeds, accelerating germination, exposing seeds in white and sowing, keeping the surface of a furrow moist but not having open water, and building a 50 cm-high plastic greenhouse for keeping warm in winter; transplanting when the seedlings grow to 15cm in 3 months next year, performing daily management, selecting the weather when purple black fruits grow out from belladonna grass in the middle of 6 months before the arrival of the flood season, harvesting the whole plants without rain, drying the plants till the plants become dry, and transferring the plants to a cool and dry place for drying in the shade. The method is novel and unique, is easy to operate, can be effectively used for cultivating belladonna in the Huaihe river basin, prevents the leaves and fruits of the belladonna from falling, ensures high yield and high yield of the planted belladonna and the product quality, meets the requirement of the market on the belladonna, and has huge economic and social benefits.

Description

Method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin.

Background

Belladonna (belladonna)Atropa belladonnaL, belonging to Solanaceae, Atropa perennial herb, or being cultivated for one year, the research shows that it contains multiple alkaloid deadly toxin, the herb can be used as medicine, and is mainly used for preventing symptoms such as night sweat, sialorrhea, bronchial hypersecretion, hyperacidity, etc., the root and leaf contain Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Scopolamine, belladonine, etc., the leaf is used as antispasmodic and analgesic medicine, night sweat is caused, and has efficacy of dispersing pupil, the belladonna plant is slightly bitter in taste and pungent, the herb is used as medicine, the effective components are alkaloid, the herb content is 0.6% in root, 0.4% in leaf, 0.15% in stem, 0.19% in flower, 0.21% in fruit, 0.31% in seed, the alkaloid has main component of Scopolamine, small amount of alomine, stable in curing gastric acid, excessive secretion, relieving spasm, relieving gastric hyperacidity, relieving spasm, relieving pain, relieving gastric hyperacidity, relieving spasm, relieving gastric hyperacidity, relieving spasm, relieving gastric hyperacidity, relieving pain, relieving spasm, relieving gastric hyperacidity, relieving gastric hyperemia.

The original belladonna Europe, which is introduced into China in the 30 th of the 20 th century, prefers warm and humid climate, is afraid of cold and high temperature, grows fast at the temperature of 20-25 ℃, grows slowly at the temperature of more than 30 ℃, and is easy to die of the whole plant due to root diseases when much rain water exists. Belladonna is a Chinese medicine variety recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia, and belladonna extract is one of main raw materials of various commonly used medicines in China. In recent years, the extract is not available, and the extract is cultivated in Hunan, Shandong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other places in China because of the increasing economic benefit brought by the medicinal value. In recent years, the belladonna is also cultivated in the Huaihe river basin, but in rainy seasons when the flower season is positive, the whole plant dies due to root diseases, or leaves and fruits fall, so that the content of effective components is reduced, the medicinal value cannot be achieved, the belladonna cultivation yield is reduced, the income of farmers is low, even the cost is lost, the enthusiasm for planting the belladonna is seriously influenced, the demand of pharmaceutical enterprises for belladonna extracts is also short, and therefore the technical problem that how to plant the belladonna in the Huaihe river basin is required to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin, which can effectively solve the problems of preventing leaf drop and fruit drop of the belladonna planting and ensuring the yield and the efficacy.

The technical scheme for solving the problem is that the method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin adopts the methods of seedling raising in advance, winter entering in a greenhouse, cultivation in advance and harvesting in advance, and comprises the following steps:

(1) land preparation: in 8 months of the last year, selecting a land block which is not planted with solanaceae crops in the previous crop and has a deep soil layer, faces the sun, avoids wind and is convenient to drain and irrigate as a seedling raising land, applying 50kg of organic compound fertilizer and 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, then carrying out rotary tillage until the soil is fine and has no big soil blocks, making furrows, wherein the furrow depth is 25-30 cm, the waist furrow and the ring furrow depth is 30-40 cm, and the width of each furrow is 1-1.2 m (ridging is adopted if necessary);

(2) seed soaking and sowing: selecting high-quality seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃ while stirring for 30 minutes, soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% or a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% for disinfection for 30 minutes, continuously soaking for 12 hours when the water temperature is reduced to room temperature (normal temperature), placing the seeds in a cotton cloth bag, hanging for draining until no water drops, keeping the seeds moist, placing the seeds in a shady and cool room with the temperature of 25 ℃ for germination acceleration, washing the seeds twice with clear water in the morning and evening every day until water stains are touched by hands and no water drops are formed; continuously accelerating germination until seeds are exposed to the white and sowed, mixing 9-10 kg of dry fine sand in every 1kg of seeds, uniformly sowing the mixture on the surface of a furrow, covering 0.5-1.0 cm of sawdust or paving a layer of straw on the surface of the furrow, watering the mixture thoroughly, preventing sun and rainstorm and keeping moisture;

(3) seedbed management: when the emergence rate reaches 20 percent, when covering straws, timely taking off the straws, still keeping the ridge surface moist but not having clear water (accumulated water), carrying out artificial weeding in the seedling stage, and when 3 true leaves grow out from seedlings, diluting 800 times of liquid by methyl thiophanate with the mass concentration of 70 percent or diluting 750 times of liquid bactericide by methyl hymexazol with the mass concentration of 3 percent and spraying the liquid bactericide matched with a foliar fertilizer, so that the disease resistance is improved, and strong seedlings are cultivated; watering every morning or evening when the weather is dry; draining water in time when the rainwater is heavy, performing covering work before rainstorm to prevent heavy rain from washing, and building a 50 cm-high plastic greenhouse for keeping warm in winter (enabling the greenhouse to enter winter);

(4) planting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 15cm in 3 months next year, wherein the row spacing is 35-40 cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, 3200-3500 seedlings/mu are used, the seedbed is thoroughly watered one day and evening before the seedlings are dug, the seedlings are pulled out next day conveniently, the seedlings are transplanted in time after being pulled out, the roots need to stretch when the seedlings are planted, and watering and rooting are immediately carried out after the seedlings are planted; planting one plant and watering one plant when the sunlight is strong;

(5) daily management

And (3) seedling supplementing: the phenomena of dead seedlings and lack of seedlings are found to be supplemented as early as possible so that the growth vigor of the seedlings is consistent;

weeding: weeds are found to be weeded in time, and the weeds cannot be cut to cause wasteland;

topdressing: when the seedling sprout grows to 4-5 leaves and the land is wet after rain, 4 kg/mu of urea is applied in a spot mode to avoid the direct contact of the urea with the seedling, the application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is combined with intertillage weeding, and chlorine-containing fertilizer is forbidden;

clearing the ditch and draining: after 5 months, when the rainwater is much, the rainwater needs to be drained in a ditch cleaning mode, so that large-area diseases are prevented from occurring or plants are prevented from dying;

pinching: when the height of the new belladonna grass seedlings is 18-22cm, the tops are timely removed, and 6-8 leaves are reserved to promote branching and improve yield;

(6) harvesting and primary processing: before the arrival of the middle 6 th-month flood season, when purple black fruits emerge from belladonna grass, the selection of the weather is good, the whole plants are harvested, the plants cannot be drenched with rain, the plants are dried until the plants become dry, and the plants are transferred to a cool and dry place to be dried in the shade.

The method is novel and unique, is easy to operate, can be effectively used for cultivating belladonna in the Huaihe river basin, prevents the leaves and fruits of the belladonna from falling, ensures high yield and high yield of the planted belladonna and product quality, meets the actual demand of the market on the belladonna, exploits the medicinal value and the commercial value of the belladonna, and has huge economic and social benefits.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings.

The invention is implemented specifically, a method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin, which comprises the following steps:

(1) land preparation: in the last year, about 8 months and 15 days (8 months and 13-17 days), selecting a land block which has no solanaceae crops planted in the previous stubble and has a deep soil layer, faces the sun, avoids wind and is convenient to drain and irrigate as a seedling raising land, applying 50kg of organic compound fertilizer and 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, then carrying out rotary tillage until the soil is thin and has no large soil blocks, opening furrow trenches with the depth of 25-30 cm, the depth of waist trenches and circle trenches of 30-40 cm, and the width of each furrow of 1-1.2 m (ridging is adopted if necessary);

(2) seed soaking and sowing: selecting high-quality seeds, using 1.4 kg/mu of seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 52 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, then soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% or a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% for disinfection for 30 minutes, continuing soaking for 12 hours when the water temperature is reduced to room temperature (normal temperature), placing the seeds in a cotton cloth bag, hanging the seeds for draining water until no water drops, keeping the seeds moist, placing the seeds in a cool room with the temperature of 25 ℃ for germination acceleration, and washing the seeds twice with clear water in the morning and evening every day until the seeds have water traces but do not drop water; continuously accelerating germination until seeds are exposed to the white and sowed, mixing 10kg of dry fine sand with every 1kg of seeds, uniformly sowing the mixture on the surface of a furrow, covering 0.8cm of sawdust or paving a layer of straw on the surface of the furrow, watering the mixture thoroughly, and preventing the sun, the rainstorm and moisturizing;

(3) seedbed management: when the emergence rate reaches 20 percent, when covering straws, timely taking off the straws, still keeping the ridge surface moist but not having clear water (accumulated water), carrying out artificial weeding in the seedling stage, and when 3 true leaves grow out from seedlings, diluting 800 times of liquid by methyl thiophanate with the mass concentration of 70 percent or diluting 750 times of liquid bactericide by methyl hymexazol with the mass concentration of 3 percent and spraying the liquid bactericide matched with a foliar fertilizer, so that the disease resistance is improved, and strong seedlings are cultivated; watering every morning or evening when the weather is dry; draining water in time when the rainwater is heavy, performing covering work before rainstorm to prevent heavy rain from washing, and building a 50 cm-high plastic greenhouse for keeping warm in winter (enabling the greenhouse to enter winter);

(4) planting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 15cm in 3 months next year, wherein the row spacing is 35-40 cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, 3200-3500 seedlings/mu are used, the seedbed is thoroughly watered one day and evening before the seedlings are dug, the seedlings are pulled out next day conveniently, the seedlings are transplanted in time after being pulled out, the roots need to stretch when the seedlings are planted, and watering and rooting are immediately carried out after the seedlings are planted; planting one plant and watering one plant when the sunlight is strong;

(5) daily management

And (3) seedling supplementing: the phenomena of dead seedlings and lack of seedlings are found to be supplemented as early as possible so that the growth vigor of the seedlings is consistent;

weeding: weeds are found to be weeded in time, and the weeds cannot be cut to cause wasteland;

topdressing: when the seedling sprout grows to 4-5 leaves and the land is wet after rain, 4 kg/mu of urea is applied in a spot mode to avoid the direct contact of the urea with the seedling, the application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is combined with intertillage weeding, and chlorine-containing fertilizer is forbidden;

clearing the ditch and draining: after 5 months, when the rainwater is much, the rainwater needs to be drained in a ditch cleaning mode, so that large-area diseases are prevented from occurring or plants are prevented from dying;

pinching: when the height of the new belladonna grass seedlings is 20cm, picking off the tops in time, and reserving 6-8 leaves to promote branching and improve yield;

(6) harvesting and primary processing: before the arrival of the middle 6 th-month flood season, when purple black fruits emerge from belladonna grass, selecting a sunny day, harvesting the whole plants, drying the plants till the plants become dry in the shade, and transferring the plants to a shady and cool dry place for drying in the shade.

The method is scientific and reasonable, changes the traditional method for planting belladonna, is particularly suitable for the actual need of belladonna cultivation in the Huaihe river basin, effectively avoids the rainy season in the Huaihe river basin, ensures the economic benefit of growers and the actual need of belladonna market, has good effect after continuous 3-year test (trial), seedlings are grown in advance in the first year, belladonna plants with fallen leaves and fallen fruits are harvested in advance in 2 years, the yield is improved by more than 50 percent compared with the traditional planting method, the average harvest rate per mu is more than 95 percent, the planting method is stable and reliable (namely, the same and similar results are obtained in trial 3 years), the product is specified in the part of Chinese pharmacopoeia published by 2015 of China, and the medicinal belladonna standard: the content of leaves with abnormal color is 2% (less than 4% defined in pharmacopoeia), and the content of stems with diameter of more than 1cm is 1.5% (less than 3% defined in pharmacopoeia); after drying, the water content is 11 percent (less than 13 percent specified in pharmacopoeia), through detection, the content of alkaloid components and total alkaloids in the belladonna planted in Huaihe river basin is basically consistent with that in the production areas of Shandong, Hunan and the like, the medicinal requirements are met, the product quality is very good, the quality and the medicinal value of the belladonna are effectively ensured, through statistics, the income of farmers is improved by 2-3 times, the enthusiasm of the belladonna planted by the farmers is greatly stimulated, the actual requirements of markets on the belladonna are ensured, and the economic and social benefits are huge.

Claims (2)

1. A method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) land preparation: in 8 months of the last year, selecting a land block which is not planted with solanaceae crops in the previous crop and has a deep soil layer, faces the sun, avoids wind and is convenient to drain and irrigate as a seedling raising land, applying 50kg of organic compound fertilizer and 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, then carrying out rotary tillage until the soil is fine and has no large soil blocks, opening a furrow with the depth of 25-30 cm, and the depth of a waist furrow and a ring furrow is 30-40 cm, and the width of each furrow is 1-1.2 m;

(2) seed soaking and sowing: selecting high-quality seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50-55 ℃ while stirring for 30 minutes, soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% or a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% for disinfection for 30 minutes, continuously soaking for 12 hours when the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, placing the seeds in a cotton cloth bag, hanging the seeds for draining until no water drops, keeping the seeds moist, placing the seeds in a shady and cool room with the temperature of 25 ℃ for germination acceleration, and washing the seeds twice with clear water in the morning and evening every day until no water drops due to the fact that hands touch water stains; continuously accelerating germination until seeds are exposed to the white and sowed, mixing 9-10 kg of dry fine sand in every 1kg of seeds, uniformly sowing the mixture on the surface of a furrow, covering 0.5-1.0 cm of sawdust or paving a layer of straw on the surface of the furrow, watering the mixture thoroughly, preventing sun and rainstorm and keeping moisture;

(3) seedbed management: when the emergence rate reaches 20 percent, when covering straws, timely taking off the straws, still keeping the ridge surfaces moist but not having clear water, carrying out artificial weeding in the seedling stage, and when 3 true leaves grow out from seedlings, diluting 800 times of liquid by using 70 percent of thiophanate methyl in mass concentration or diluting 750 times of liquid bactericide by using 3 percent of hymexazol methyl in mass concentration to be matched with foliar fertilizer for spraying, so that the disease resistance is improved, and strong seedlings are cultivated; watering every morning or evening when the weather is dry; draining water in time when the rainwater is heavy, performing covering work before rainstorm to prevent heavy rain from washing, and building a 50 cm-high plastic greenhouse for keeping warm in winter;

(4) planting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 15cm in 3 months next year, wherein the row spacing is 35-40 cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, 3200-3500 seedlings/mu are used, the seedbed is thoroughly watered one day and evening before the seedlings are dug, the seedlings are pulled out next day conveniently, the seedlings are transplanted in time after being pulled out, the roots need to stretch when the seedlings are planted, and watering and rooting are immediately carried out after the seedlings are planted; planting one plant and watering one plant when the sunlight is strong;

(5) daily management

And (3) seedling supplementing: the phenomena of dead seedlings and lack of seedlings are found to be supplemented as early as possible so that the growth vigor of the seedlings is consistent;

weeding: weeds are found to be weeded in time, and the weeds cannot be cut to cause wasteland;

topdressing: when the seedling sprout grows to 4-5 leaves and the land is wet after rain, 4 kg/mu of urea is applied in a spot mode to avoid the direct contact of the urea with the seedling, the application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is combined with intertillage weeding, and chlorine-containing fertilizer is forbidden;

clearing the ditch and draining: after 5 months, when the rainwater is much, the rainwater needs to be drained in a ditch cleaning mode, so that large-area diseases are prevented from occurring or plants are prevented from dying;

pinching: when the height of the new belladonna grass seedlings is 18-22cm, the tops are timely removed, and 6-8 leaves are reserved to promote branching and improve yield;

(6) harvesting and primary processing: before the arrival of the middle 6 th-month flood season, when purple black fruits emerge from belladonna grass, the selection of the weather is good, the whole plants are harvested, the plants cannot be drenched with rain, the plants are dried until the plants become dry, and the plants are transferred to a cool and dry place to be dried in the shade.

2. The method for cultivating and planting belladonna in Huaihe river basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps are as follows:

(1) land preparation: 13-17 days in 8 months in the last year, selecting a land block which has no solanaceae crops planted in the previous stubble and has a deep soil layer, faces the sun, avoids wind and is convenient to drain and irrigate as a seedling raising land, applying 50kg of organic compound fertilizer and 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, carrying out rotary tillage until the soil is fine and has no large soil blocks, opening a furrow with the depth of 25-30 cm, the depth of a waist furrow and a ring furrow with the width of 30-40 cm and each furrow with the width of 1-1.2 m;

(2) seed soaking and sowing: selecting high-quality seeds, using 1.4 kg/mu of seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water at 52 ℃, stirring for 30 minutes, then soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% or a copper sulfate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5% for disinfection for 30 minutes, continuing soaking for 12 hours when the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, placing the seeds in a cotton cloth bag, hanging the seeds for draining until no water drops, keeping the seeds moist, placing the seeds in a shady and cool room with the temperature of 25 ℃ for germination acceleration, and washing the seeds twice with clear water in the morning and evening every day until the seeds touch water traces without water drops; continuously accelerating germination until seeds are exposed to the white and sowed, mixing 10kg of dry fine sand with every 1kg of seeds, uniformly sowing the mixture on the surface of a furrow, covering 0.8cm of sawdust or paving a layer of straw on the surface of the furrow, watering the mixture thoroughly, and preventing the sun, the rainstorm and moisturizing;

(3) seedbed management: when the emergence rate reaches 20 percent, when covering straws, timely taking off the straws, still keeping the ridge surfaces moist but not having clear water, carrying out artificial weeding in the seedling stage, and when 3 true leaves grow out from seedlings, diluting 800 times of liquid by using 70 percent of thiophanate methyl in mass concentration or diluting 750 times of liquid bactericide by using 3 percent of hymexazol methyl in mass concentration to be matched with foliar fertilizer for spraying, so that the disease resistance is improved, and strong seedlings are cultivated; watering every morning or evening when the weather is dry; draining water in time when the rainwater is heavy, performing covering work before rainstorm to prevent heavy rain from washing, and building a 50 cm-high plastic greenhouse for keeping warm in winter;

(4) planting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to 15cm in 3 months next year, wherein the row spacing is 35-40 cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, 3200-3500 seedlings/mu are used, the seedbed is thoroughly watered one day and evening before the seedlings are dug, the seedlings are pulled out next day conveniently, the seedlings are transplanted in time after being pulled out, the roots need to stretch when the seedlings are planted, and watering and rooting are immediately carried out after the seedlings are planted; planting one plant and watering one plant when the sunlight is strong;

(5) daily management

And (3) seedling supplementing: the phenomena of dead seedlings and lack of seedlings are found to be supplemented as early as possible so that the growth vigor of the seedlings is consistent;

weeding: weeds are found to be weeded in time, and the weeds cannot be cut to cause wasteland;

topdressing: when the seedling sprout grows to 4-5 leaves and the land is wet after rain, 4 kg/mu of urea is applied in a spot mode to avoid the direct contact of the urea with the seedling, the application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is combined with intertillage weeding, and chlorine-containing fertilizer is forbidden;

clearing the ditch and draining: after 5 months, when the rainwater is much, the rainwater needs to be drained in a ditch cleaning mode, so that large-area diseases are prevented from occurring or plants are prevented from dying;

pinching: when the height of the new belladonna grass seedlings is 20cm, picking off the tops in time, and reserving 6-8 leaves to promote branching and improve yield;

(6) harvesting and primary processing: before the arrival of the middle 6 th-month flood season, when purple black fruits emerge from belladonna grass, selecting a sunny day, harvesting the whole plants, drying the plants till the plants become dry in the shade, and transferring the plants to a shady and cool dry place for drying in the shade.