CN113197049A - Seedling raising method for plateau flowers - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for plateau flowers Download PDFInfo
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- CN113197049A CN113197049A CN202110498212.7A CN202110498212A CN113197049A CN 113197049 A CN113197049 A CN 113197049A CN 202110498212 A CN202110498212 A CN 202110498212A CN 113197049 A CN113197049 A CN 113197049A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of plateau flowers, wherein the plateau flowers are willow orchid, and the method comprises the steps of seed collection, seed treatment, land preparation after plateau soil is unfrozen, seedling raising in a seedling raising pot, thinning, transplanting, water and fertilizer management and harvesting. The survival rate of the willow orchid rhizome planting is 100 percent, and the survival rate of the willow orchid seedling is 98 percent; the transplanted rhizome part of the willow herb germinates after one month, starts to branch after half month of germination, has high branching position, is 5-10cm away from the ground, has the average branching number of 8-20 branches, and has the crown width of up to 80 cm; the plateau flower seedling method can provide provenance for ecological civilization greening of plateau areas, and the flaked willow orchid not only has the function of greening and beautifying the environment, but also belongs to perennial plateau local flowers, can adapt to special geographical and climatic environments of breeding areas, and has overlapping greening effect. The invention reasonably utilizes the local resources and has great social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant breeding, and relates to a seedling raising method for plateau flowers.
Background
Perennial herbaceous plants of willow family willowherb of willow genus, upright, and clumpy; the rootstock widely creeps on the surface soil layer, the length is 2m, the thickness is 2cm, lignification is carried out, and strong overwintering roots grow out from the base of the rootstock. The stem is 20-130cm high, 2-10mm thick, no branch or upper branch, cylindrical, hairless, lignified at the lower part, and torn epidermis. The leaves are spirally intertriginous, the thin and near bases are opposite, no stems are arranged, the lower part of the stem is near the membrane, the shape of the membrane is long in a needle shape from long round to inverted oval, the length is 0.5-2cm, the leaves are withered and brown, the middle and upper parts of the leaves are near the leathery, the shape of the thread is needle-shaped or needle-shaped in a narrow needle shape, the length is (3-)7-14(-19) cm, the width is (0.3-)0.7-1.3(-2.5) cm, the tip is gradually narrowed, the bases are round or sometimes wide wedge-shaped, the upper part is green or light green, the two sides are hairless, the edges are near the whole edges or sparse and shallow small teeth, the teeth are slightly curled, the side pulse is not obvious, 10-25 strips are arranged on each side, and the edges are nearly flat or slightly inclined to the edge to form a net knot. The inflorescence is in a general shape, is upright, is 5-40cm long and has no hair; the bract has leaf shape at the lower part, length of 2-4cm, small upper part, and triangle shape with needle shape and length less than 1 cm. Flowers drooping during germination and spreading upright when they are open; the flower bud is inverted egg-shaped, the length is 6-12mm, and the diameter is 4-6 mm; the ovary is light red or purple red, the length is 0.6-2cm, and the ovary is stuck with grey-white soft hair; changan 0.5-1.8 cm; the flower tube is short, the depth of the flower disc is 0.5-1mm, and the diameter is 2-4 mm; the sepals are purple red, are in the shape of a long circle coated with needles, have the length of 6-15mm and the width of 1.5-2.5mm, the tip of the sepals is gradually narrowed and tapered, and are softened by grey hair; pink to purple, thin white, slightly unequal, two larger upper pieces, inverted egg shape or narrow inverted egg shape, length 9-15(19) mm, width 3-9(11) mm, and shallow recess at the whole edge or front end; the anther is long round, 2-2.5mm long, red in the initial stage, and purple-red when cracking, and produces blue pollen, the pollen grains are 3 holes in normal size, the diameter is 67.7um on average, and the filament is 7-14mm long; the style is 8-14mm, when opened, the style is strongly folded, then the style is upright, and the lower part is long and soft; white column head, deep 4 cracks, long round split piece with 3-6mm long and 0.6-1mm wide, dense small mastoid. The capsule is 4-8cm long, and is dense, grey and soft; the fruit stalks are 0.5-1.9cm long. The seeds are narrow and inverted egg-shaped, the length is 0.9-1mm, the width is 0.35-0.45mm, the tip is short and tapered, the seeds have short beaks and brown colors, and the surface is nearly smooth but has irregular fine reticulate patterns; the seed tassel is rich and 10-17mm long, is grey white and is not easy to fall off. The flowering period is 6-9 months, and the fruit period is 8-10 months. The number of chromosomes n is 18.
Willow is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan West, Yunnan West, Tibet and other areas. The mountain areas of 500-3100m and 2900-4700m in the north and the southwest of China are open in half or more than wet grass slope shrubs, burn lands, alpine meadows, beaches and gravel slopes. Cuminum vulgare Kangding county, Jiulong county, Ritang county, pond county, Batang county, Xueycheng county, Daifu county, Luding county, Yajiang county, Yahuo county, Cuminum vulgare county, Baiyu county, Dege county, Shicang county and other places with elevation of 3000-value 4700m are distributed in forest, irrigated county, grassland or river stone.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:
1. the variety of plants in plateau areas is single, and large-scale seedling culture is lacked, so that the supply of greening flower seedlings is insufficient.
2. Willow herb is an important economic plant, and the large-scale artificial planting technology is few at present.
3. Most of plateau native flowers are still in a wild state at present, and little or little development and utilization are needed. Although there are also examples of applying native plants in current landscaping, the variety of native plants that can be used for landscaping is very limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for growing seedlings of plateau flowers.
The inventor provides a method for raising seedlings of plateau flowers through long-term exploration and trial, multiple experiments and efforts and continuous innovation, and in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the method for raising seedlings of plateau flowers is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) seed collection
Maturing the whole seeds by 80-90%, and collecting willow inflorescences;
step 2) seed treatment
Sun-treating the willow inflorescence until the willow catkin is fluffy, separating the seeds from the inflorescence, and collecting the seeds; drying the seeds in the shade, and storing the seeds at low temperature for later use;
step 3) land preparation is carried out after plateau soil is unfrozen, deep ploughing is carried out for 30-35 cm, and a low bed with the depth of 30-35 cm and the width of 2.0-2.2m is manufactured;
step 4) pot seedling raising
Filling the seedling raising pot with the matrix from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, watering until the matrix is completely wet, and starting seeding and seedling raising;
step 5) thinning
When the seedlings grow to 1-1.5 cm, thinning, and reserving 2-4 willow seedlings in each seedling pot;
step 6) transplanting
The planting distance is 40 multiplied by 40cm, and the buried depth is 30 cm; transplanting the willow herb roots in the middle and last ten days of 4 months when the willow herb roots are transplanted, wherein the roots are stretched and do not nest; when the willow orchid seedlings are transplanted, the transplanting time is in the last ten days of 7 months, and the willow orchid seedlings are soil-carrying ball seedlings;
step 7) liquid manure management
Keeping soil from drying after thinning; continuously and intermittently providing a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; applying a thoroughly decomposed bean cake fertilizer liquid after autumn comes;
step 8) harvesting
The whole plant seeds are 80 to 90 percent mature, and willow orchid seeds are collected.
According to a further embodiment of the plateau flower seedling method, in the step 4), the substrate is composed of peat soil, garden soil and ferrous sulfate.
According to a further implementation mode of the plateau flower seedling method, the mass ratio of the peat soil to the garden soil to the ferrous sulfate is 2-4: 4-7: 0.08 to 0.13.
According to the preferred embodiment of the plateau flower seedling method, the mass ratio of the peat soil to the garden soil to the ferrous sulfate is 3: 6.9: 0.1.
according to the preferred embodiment of the plateau flower seedling method, the step 1) is specifically to collect willow infructescence after the seeds of the whole plant are mature by 85 percent.
According to a further embodiment of the method for growing seedlings of plateau flowers, in the step 2), the low temperature is-4
According to a further embodiment of the plateau flower seedling method, in the step 2), the willow herb seeds are bagged by cotton cloth bags, and the bags are fastened for storage.
According to a further implementation mode of the plateau flower seedling method, in the step 3), after thawing the plateau soil, land is prepared, deep ploughing is carried out for 35cm, and a low bed with the depth of 30cm and the width of 2.0-2.2m is prepared.
According to a preferred embodiment of the plateau flower seedling method, in the step 4), the aperture of the seedling pot is 12cm, the depth is 15cm, and the thickness of the filled substrate is 10 cm.
According to a further embodiment of the plateau flower seedling method, in the step 8), the whole plant of seeds is mature by 85%, and willow herb seeds are harvested.
Compared with the prior art, one of the technical solutions has the following advantages:
a) the survival rate of the willow orchid in the seed collection base is investigated by setting a sample formula (sample belt), the survival rate of the willow orchid rhizome planting is 100%, and the survival rate of the willow orchid seedling is 98%.
b) Through investigation, the transplanted rhizome part of the willow herb germinates after one month, and starts to branch after half month of germination, the branch position is high, 5-10cm away from the ground, the average branch number is 8-20, and the crown width can reach as much as 80 cm; the part of the transplanted willow orchid seedling begins to branch after 15 days after transplantation, the branching position is low, the part begins to branch from the soil mark position, and the average branching number is 6-18.
c) The method can collect 2kg of seeds in each mu of planting base, and the mass of the willow herb seeds is 1.8 x 107Per kg, bad seeds and bad seedlings are eliminated, and 1620 million willow seedlings can be bred in each mu of base; or directly selling the seeds, and creating 3000 yuan per mu.
d) In one embodiment of the invention, peat soil, garden soil and ferrous sulfate are used as seedling raising substrates, so that the germination rate of seeds can be improved, and the transplanting survival rate can be guaranteed.
e) The invention reasonably utilizes the local resources and increases the production and creates income for local residents.
Detailed Description
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
In the method for raising seedlings of plateau flowers described in this embodiment, the plateau flowers are willow orchid. The collecting place of willow herb rhizome and seed is built in the west of Sichuan. The altitude of a seed collecting base is 2000-2300 m, the annual average temperature is 14.4 ℃, the effective base temperature of more than 10 ℃ is more than 5000 ℃, the annual average precipitation is about 637mm, the average annual evaporation is about 1579mm, the annual average relative humidity is about 50-65%, the annual average sunshine time is about 1155 hours, and the frost-free days are about 278 days.
The seed production base is mainly sand, the matrix of the formed soil is limestone, slate, phyllite, quartzite, marble and the like, the matrix of the formed soil is slope, the pH value is 7-7.5, the texture is sand soil, the structure is granular or blocky, the soil layer is 30-60 cm, and the content of gravel is about 30%.
A water conduit is buried in the seed collection base to meet the requirement of irrigation of the base, the growth period of the willow orchid in the place is 5-7 months, and the growth period of the willow orchid in the place is just the rain season of the Ganzui plateau. And co-building 10 mu of seed collection bases, wherein 3 mu of seed collection bases are built by roots and 7 mu of seed collection bases are built by seedlings.
The plateau flower seedling method comprises the following steps:
step 1) seed collection
Through investigation, the willow herb seeds are gradually matured from bottom to top in 8 months, and the mature rate of the whole plant seeds is about 85 percent in about 9 months and 20 days, which is the best period for collecting the seeds. Completely removing the willow infructescence, and bagging in a snake skin bag with a plastic film.
Step 2) seed treatment
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) in sunny days, a plastic film with the thickness of 20s is used for paving the ground; the thin infructescence of the willow herb is aired on a plastic film,
(2) the drying time is 1-2 hours, after the willow herb catkin is fluffy, the willow herb catkin is beaten by bamboo trunk with great force, 80% of seeds are separated from the fruit sequence,
(3) separating catkin and seeds, filtering the total impurities of the seeds with a 6-mesh sieve to obtain clean seeds,
(4) airing the seeds in the shade, bagging and storing. Bagging the dried willow herb seeds in a cotton bag, fastening the bag, and storing in a refrigerator at the temperature of-4-4 ℃.
Mature and plump seeds are selected as seedling seeds.
And 3) preparing soil after the soil is unfrozen, deeply ploughing by about 30cm, and making a low bed with the depth of 30cm and the width of 2.0-2.2 m. Is convenient for placing the nutrition pot, namely the seedling pot.
Step 4) pot seedling raising
Adopting a 12 x 15cm seedling raising pot to raise seedlings. Before potting, according to peat soil: garden soil: fully mixing ferrous sulfate (the mass ratio is 3: 6.9: 0.1), then potting, wherein the soil filling amount is 2/3 of the volume of the pot, and watering after filling until the soil is completely wet for seeding.
The germination tests at different temperatures are compared, and the seedling raising time is preferably 4 months and 15 days to 5 months and 1 day according to the actual conditions of the seedling raising land. Before sowing, the hand is cleaned and then wiped off, so that seeds are prevented from being adhered to the hand during sowing, the hand speed is high during sowing, and fewer seeds are planted in each pot as much as possible.
Step 5) thinning
And thinning the seedlings when the seedlings grow to about 1 cm. And (3) during thinning, using tweezers to drain redundant willow seedling, and reserving 2-4 seedlings in each pot. After all seedlings are separated out, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 2 weeks to promote growth. Spraying water every 2 days to keep the soil from drying.
Step 6) transplanting
And (3) deeply ploughing 3 months before planting after spreading 200kg of fertilizer per mu to prepare a high bed with the width of 2m and the height of 25cm, and shallowly ploughing again when planting to the depth of about 10 cm.
The rhizome and seedling of willow herb are transplanted by furrow planting. The planting distance of willow orchid is 40 x 40cm, and the buried depth is 30 cm.
When transplanting willow orchid rhizome, the root system is stretched without making pit root, then the soil is covered, in order to make the root system contact with soil tightly, the rhizome can be lifted, then the root system is pressed, the pressure is uniform and downward, and the bud part can not be pressed by force, so as to avoid bud point. Planting time is 4 months in middle and last ten days.
When the willow orchid seedlings are transplanted, the willow orchid seedlings are seedlings with soil balls, the integrity of the soil balls is kept as much as possible during transplanting, the seedling revival period is reduced, and the transplanting time of the construction place of the seed collection base is 7 days before.
After the willow is transplanted, water is filled every 2 days, so that the soil is kept moist, and the survival rate of willow seedlings is improved.
After the willow is transplanted, weeding is carried out for a certain time according to the growth condition of weeds in a seed collection base, and the growth environment of the willow is ensured.
When the willow herb enters a growth vigorous growing period after autumn, 30-40 times of decomposed bean cake fertilizer liquid can be applied every 10 days, 1000-1500 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed at the same time, and 1 time of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed every 2 weeks, so that bud pregnancy of the willow herb can be effectively promoted, and more flowers can be bloomed.
The whole plant seeds are 80 to 90 percent mature, and willow orchid seeds are collected.
Survival rate of willow herb
The willow orchid survival rate of the seed collection base is investigated by setting a sample prescription (sample belt). The survival rate of the willow orchid rhizome planting is 100 percent, and the survival rate of the willow orchid seedling is 98 percent.
Willow herb branching
According to investigation, the transplanted rhizomes of the willow herb germinate after one month, the rhizomes begin to branch after the second month of germination, the branch positions are high, 5-10cm above the ground, the average branch number is 8-20, the crown width can reach as much as 80cm, the seedlings of the willow herb begin to branch after 15 days after transplantation, the branch positions are low, the roots begin to branch from soil marks, and the average branch number is 6-18.
Willow orchid flowering
Transplanting the rhizome of willow herb at 13 days of 4-month in 2020, starting to bloom at 21 days of 6-month in 2020, reaching a full-bloom stage at 20 days of 7-month in 2020, finishing at 15 days of 9-month in 2020, and reaching a blooming stage of 3 months. Transplanting the part of the willow orchid seedlings in about 7-6 days in 2020, starting to bloom in about 8-20 days in 2020, reaching the full-bloom stage in about 10 days in 9 months, and ending the blooming period till 10 middle days in 2020.
Seed collection of willow herb
Transplanting the roots and stems of the willow herb, wherein seeds begin to mature at about 8 months and 20 days in 2020, and the seeds are collected while maturing until 2 kg/mu of seeds are collected at last.
Transplanting part of the willow orchid seedlings, and beginning to mature part of seeds in 9 months and 20 days in 2020 until 1 kg/mu of seeds are finally harvested.
The plateau flower seedling method can provide provenance for ecological civilization greening of plateau areas, and the flaked willow orchid not only has the function of greening and beautifying the environment, but also belongs to perennial plateau local flowers, can adapt to special geographical environment of a breeding place, and has overlapping greening effect. The invention reasonably utilizes the local resources and has great social benefit.
The average amount of seeds collected per mu is 2kg per year after the seed collecting base enters the full period, and the mass of the willow herb seeds is 1.8 x 107And/kg, according to the germination rate of 90%, eliminating 50% of inferior seedlings and estimating the initial value, and 1620 thousands of willow seedlings can be bred in each acre of willow seedling raising base. Or directly selling the seeds, and creating 3000 yuan per mu according to the current market price of 1500 yuan/kg.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for raising seedlings of plateau flowers, wherein the plateau flowers are willow orchid, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) seed collection
Maturing the whole seeds by 80-90%, and collecting willow inflorescences;
step 2) seed treatment
Sun-treating the willow inflorescence until the willow catkin is fluffy, separating the seeds from the inflorescence, and collecting the seeds; airing the seeds in the shade, and storing the seeds at low temperature for later use;
step 3) land preparation is carried out after plateau soil is unfrozen, deep ploughing is carried out for 30-35 cm, and a low bed with the depth of 30-35 cm and the width of 2.0-2.2m is manufactured;
step 4) pot seedling raising
Filling the seedling raising pot with the matrix from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, watering until the matrix is completely wet, and starting seeding and seedling raising;
step 5) thinning
When the seedlings grow to 1-1.5 cm, thinning, and reserving 2-4 willow seedlings in each seedling pot;
step 6) transplanting
The planting distance is 40 multiplied by 40cm, and the buried depth is 30 cm; transplanting the willow herb roots in the middle and last ten days of 4 months when the willow herb roots are transplanted, wherein the roots are stretched and do not nest;
when the willow orchid seedlings are transplanted, the transplanting time is in the last ten days of 7 months, and the willow orchid seedlings are soil-carrying ball seedlings;
step 7) liquid manure management
Keeping soil from drying after thinning; continuously and intermittently providing a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; applying a thoroughly decomposed bean cake fertilizer liquid after autumn comes;
step 8) harvesting
The whole plant seeds are 80 to 90 percent mature, and willow orchid seeds are collected.
2. A plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the substrate is composed of peat soil, garden soil, ferrous sulfate.
3. A plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of peat soil, garden soil and ferrous sulfate is 2-4: 4-7: 0.08 to 0.13.
4. A plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of peat soil, garden soil and ferrous sulfate is 3: 6.9: 0.1.
5. the plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 1) is specifically that 85% of the seeds of the whole plant are ripe, and willow infructescence is collected.
6. A plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the low temperature is-4 ℃ to 4 ℃.
7. A plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the willow herb seeds are bagged in cotton bags and the bags are fastened for storage.
8. The plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3), after thawing, land is prepared, deep ploughing is carried out for 35cm, and a low bed with the depth of 30cm and the width of 2.0-2.2m is made.
9. A plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), the diameter of the seedling pot is 12cm, the depth is 15cm, and the thickness of the filling substrate is 10 cm.
10. The plateau flower seedling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 8), the whole plant seeds are 85% mature, and willow herb seeds are harvested.
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| CN115413526A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-12-02 | 内蒙古盛世柳兰农业科技发展有限责任公司 | Wild willow orchid hill-drop planting technology |
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