CN110367026B - Method for breeding seeds of Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Merr of endangered rare plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding seeds of an endangered rare plant, namely malus spectabilis. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting fruits, and placing the fruits in a shade place for 3-5 days for softening the fruits; (2) screening out clean seeds, and packaging and storing the seeds by paper bags; (3) in spring of the next year, using the screened forest humus soil as a matrix to manufacture a seeding basin; (4) soaking the seeds for 8-10 h, broadcasting the seeds according to the weight of 6-8 g/square meter, spraying and watering water thoroughly, and keeping proper temperature, humidity and illumination; (5) taking forest humus soil as a matrix to manufacture a transplanting pot; (6) transplanting the seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 4-5 cm after the cotyledons of the seedlings grow, and keeping proper temperature, humidity and illumination; (7) after 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow on the nursery stock, gradually uncovering the film and hardening the seedling for 4-5 days and then removing the seedling; (8) transplanting the seedlings to a field for cultivation when the seedlings are more than 10 cm. The method for propagating the seeds of the mallow with the special shape has the advantages that the germination rate of the seeds is high and reaches 81.0-94.5%, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is high.

Description

Method for breeding seeds of Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Merr of endangered rare plants

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for propagating seeds of an endangered rare plant, namely malus spectabilis, and belongs to the technical field of sexual propagation of plants.

Technical Field

Root of abnormal MussaendaMussaenda anomala H.L.Li in Journ. arn. arb. 24(4): 454.1943) is a national grade I important protection rare endangered plant, belonging to the genus Mussaenda of Rubiaceae, climbing shrub, leaf pairing, thin paper, multiple-way polystictus acropetiolus terminal growth, multiple flowers, long calyx cylinder, about 5 mm in length, 5 sepal leaves, all white petal-shaped flower leaves, oval-shaped flower leaves, 2-4 cm in length, 5 longitudinal veins, 6 months in flowering period, 11 months in fruiting period, 4 mm in berry length, 0.45-0.70 mm in seed diameter, and about 0.052g in thousand-kernel weight. China is a special species, is only produced in Guangxi Dayao mountain and southeast Guizhou (page 572 of the tenth volume of high-grade plants in China), and is almost completely disappeared after a special-shaped mussaenda citrifolia specimen is firstly discovered and collected in Guangxi Dayao mountain in 1936 (precious plants in Guizhou). 1997-1999 organization of original Guizhou province forest industry hallAccording to survey of wild precious plant resources in Guizhou, the distribution of the abnormal-shaped Mussaenda ruyi is found in the counties such as Rigong mountain, Yangjiang, Roujiang and litchi wave in southeast Guizhou, the distribution altitude is 600-1200 m, and the total number of evaluated plants is not more than 60 (precious plants in Guizhou). The seeds of the mallow longipes are fine, difficult to germinate, the seedling is soft and weak, the mallow longipes are easily damaged by gnawing of pests, infected by diseases, or eliminated by competition of plants such as moss and the like, and are difficult to naturally update, so that the distribution area is extremely narrow, and the resources are rare and endangered. As the population quantity is extremely rare, the abnormal mussaenda pubescens is listed in an extremely small population rescue and protection plant catalogue, and has important protection, scientific research and greening ornamental values.

Since the inventor implements a rescue project of the small-population mallophyllum spectabile, 1 (3) small-population mallophyllum spectabile is found at an altitude of 420 m in a thunberg mountain area in 2012, and a seed propagation research is carried out. The method improves the germination rate of seeds and the seedling rate, reliably and efficiently cultures seedlings, and has important significance for the protection, propagation, population expansion, cultivation and utilization and the like of the small population of the abnormal-shaped Mussaenda pubescens.

The breeding patent of the seeds of the mallow is not seen at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for breeding seeds of an endangered rare plant, namely, the mallow abyssinica seeds.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a method for propagating seeds of mallow longipes comprises the following steps in sequence:

(1) collecting fruits in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, and placing the fruits in a shade place for 3-5 days to soften the fruits;

(2) kneading the softened fruits in clear water until the seeds are completely separated from the pulp, cleaning the seeds, washing away fruit scraps, filtering out the seeds, drying in the air, and screening out the seeds and packaging with paper bags for storage;

(3) in spring of the next year, using the screened forest humus soil as a matrix to manufacture a seeding basin;

(4) soaking the seeds in clear water for 8-10 hours before sowing, fishing out and draining, uniformly sowing the seeds on a sowing basin matrix according to the sowing quantity of 6-8g per square meter, spraying and watering thoroughly, covering a plastic film of the sowing basin and fastening by using a rope. Placing the seeding pot in a bright place for cultivation, directly irradiating the seeding pot with sunlight for 2-3 hours every day, keeping the temperature in the pot at 20-30 ℃ and the humidity at 85-95%, shading or moving the seeding pot to a sunlight-shielding direct-irradiating place for cooling when the temperature is too high until seeds germinate.

(5) After the seeds germinate, taking forest humus soil as a matrix to manufacture a transplanting pot;

(6) after the seedling leaves grow, picking out transplanting pits with the depth of about 0.5-1 cm by using bamboo sticks according to the plant-row spacing of 4-5 cm, lightly picking out the seedling transplanting soil to the root and stem parts by using the bamboo sticks, righting the skew seedlings, spraying root fixing water thoroughly, covering the opening of a pot with a plastic film of the transplanting pot and fastening by using a rope. The transplanting pot is placed in a bright place for cultivation, the sun shines for 2 to 3 hours every day, the temperature in the pot is kept between 20 and 30 ℃, and the humidity is kept between 85 and 95 percent. When the temperature is too high, the sun is shaded or the temperature is reduced by moving to a place where the sun is kept away from direct sunlight.

(7) After 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow on the nursery stock, uncovering the film in the rainy days or in the morning and evening, hardening off the seedling for 4-5 days, and removing the film; the sunshine direct-lighting time is increased to 3-4 hours every day, watering is carried out at the right time, and sundries such as moss and the like are removed.

(8) After 5-6 months of cultivation, the seedlings are moved to the field for cultivation after the height of the seedlings reaches more than 10 cm.

Further, in the method of the present invention, in the step (1), the color of the fruit is observed to turn dark green in the middle and late ten days of 11 months, the seed coat is turned black to be the mature period of the seed, the fruit is picked off and placed in the shade for softening.

Further, in the method of the invention, in the step (2), the seeds are sieved by a 30-mesh fine sieve to obtain a mixture of seed and fruit scraps, and then the mixture of the seed and the fruit scraps is sieved by a 55-mesh fine sieve to remove impurities of the fruit scraps, so that clean seeds are obtained.

Further, in the method, the seeding pot in the step (3) is made by taking the screened forest humus soil as a matrix, mixing the matrix with clear water, and kneading the matrix into a ball with the humidity of the soil, wherein the ball is preferably patted and then scattered. The seeding pot is light-colored plastic pot with the depth of more than 15 cm, and the size of the pot is determined by the seeding amount. A plurality of drainage holes are arranged at the bottom of the seeding pot. The seeding matrix with the thickness of 5-8 cm is spread in the pot, and the surface is flattened. The pot mouth is covered with a plastic film with the transmittance of 95 percent and is tied tightly by a rope to preserve heat and moisture, and air holes are tied on the film.

Furthermore, in the method of the invention, the transplantation pot in the step (4) is made by taking forest humus soil as a matrix, smashing fine soil blocks, kneading fine soil particles, removing impurities such as stones and the like, mixing the fine soil blocks and the impurities with clear water, and holding the soil into a ball with humidity, wherein the soil is preferably scattered by tapping. The transplanting pot is a light-colored plastic pot with the depth of more than 25 cm, and the size is determined according to the number of the sprouts. The basin bottom is provided with a plurality of drainage holes, and clean coarse river sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm is paved on the basin bottom, so that drainage is facilitated. Then laying 10-13 cm of forest humus soil matrix, and leveling the surface. The pot opening is covered with a plastic film with the transmittance of more than 95 percent and is fastened by a rope, and the pot is insulated and moisturized. 20-30 air holes are drilled on the film.

Further, in the method, in the step (8), the transplanting pot is moved to the field in the seedling transplanting, the seedlings are taken with soil, the seedlings are taken along with the transplanting, the field seedbed requires fertile soil, sufficient root fixing water is poured during the transplanting, the good shading is achieved in the early stage of the transplanting, and the survival of the transplanting is guaranteed.

The method for propagating the seeds of the mallow with the special shape has the advantages that the germination rate of the seeds is high and reaches 81.0-94.5%, the survival rate of transplanting the seedlings is high, and the seedling cultivation effect is reliable and efficient.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1:

(1) collecting wild abnormal Mussaenda pubescens berries in 11 middle of 2012, storing in shady and cool places, and softening after 3-4 days.

(2) Repeatedly kneading soft berries in the middle and last ten days of 11 months in 2012 with clear water to separate seeds from pulp, and washing the pulp on the surfaces of the seeds. Washing away impurities such as floating fruit chips, taking out the settled seeds and impurities, draining, drying in the shade, sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a seed and fruit chip mixture, sieving with a 55-mesh sieve to remove fruit chip impurities to obtain clean seeds, and packaging with kraft paper bags in dry and cool places.

(3) In 2013, at the beginning of 5 months, screening forest humus soil as a matrix, spraying clear water, stirring until the matrix is sufficiently wet, and holding the matrix by hand to form a cluster, wherein the matrix is suitable for being scattered by patting. A white plastic pot with the diameter of 40 cm and the depth of about 15 cm is used for manufacturing a seeding pot, and 4 drain holes with the diameter of about 0.5 cm are formed in the bottom of the pot. The substrate is spread on the bottom of the basin with the thickness of 5-6 cm. Covering a plastic film with the transmittance of 95 percent on the pot mouth, fastening the plastic film by using a rope, and pricking 20 vent holes with the calibers of about 0.5 mm by using pins to prepare the seeding pot.

(4) And in 2013, in 5 months and 17-18 days, randomly taking 800 seeds, and sowing and propagating. Setting: and (3) directly sowing dry seeds, soaking in clear water for 2 kinds of sowing treatment, wherein each treatment is set to be 4 times, and each treatment is repeated for 100 seeds. Wherein: the dry direct seeding treatment is to directly seed the seeds preserved by the paper bags; the clear water soaking treatment is to soak the seeds in clear water for 10 hours, take out the seeds and drain the water for sowing. When sowing, seeds are uniformly sown on the matrix of the sowing basin, the spacing between the seeds is about 3 mm, and the sowing amount is 6-8 g/square meter. Spraying clear water after sowing, preferably ensuring that the surface layer of the matrix is thoroughly wetted but no water is accumulated, covering a plastic film on the pot mouth, and fastening the pot mouth by a rope for heat preservation and moisture preservation. The seeding pot is placed in a bright place for cultivation, the sunlight is directly irradiated for 2 to 3 hours every day, the humidity in the seeding pot is 85 to 95 percent, the temperature at night is 22 to 24 ℃, and the temperature in the day is 25 to 30 ℃. After sowing, the seeds begin to germinate after being soaked in clear water for about 10 days, and the dry seeds germinate after being directly sowed for about 14 days.

(5) After the seeds germinate, in late 5 months in 2013, taking forest humus soil as a matrix, finely smashing soil particles, picking up stones, impurities and the like, spraying clear water to stir the matrix, fully wetting, and holding the matrix to form a mass, wherein the mass is proper when the matrix is slightly patted. A light-colored plastic basin with the caliber of 60 cm and the height of 25 cm is adopted, 4-5 pieces of drainage with the diameter of about 0.5 cm are arranged at the bottom of the basin, clean coarse river sand with the thickness of about 2-3 cm is paved, then humus soil matrix with the thickness of about 10-12 cm is paved, a plastic film with the transmittance of 95 percent is covered on the opening of the basin and is fastened by a rope, and about 20 vent holes with the caliber of about 0.5 mm are pricked by a pin to prepare the transplanting basin.

(6) In 2013, at the bottom of 5 months and at the beginning of 6 months, after the cotyledons of the seedlings grow, picking out a transplanting pit with the depth of about 0.5-1 cm by using a bamboo stick according to the plant-row spacing of 4-5 cm, covering the transplanting seedlings with soil to the root and stem part, righting the skew seedlings, and spraying root fixing water to ensure that the surface layer of the soil is wet and thorough and no water is accumulated. Covering the plastic film of the transplanting basin, fastening, placing the transplanting basin in a bright place for cultivation, directly irradiating for 2-3 hours in sunlight every day, and keeping the temperature in the basin at 20-30 ℃ and the humidity at 85-95%. When the temperature is too high, the sun is shaded or the temperature is reduced by moving to a place where the sun is kept away from direct sunlight. Remove sundries such as moss in due time.

(7) After 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow on the nursery stock, gradually uncovering the film to harden the seedling for 4-5 days, removing the film, directly irradiating by sunlight every day for 3-4 hours, watering at proper time according to the water content of the substrate, and removing impurities such as moss and weeds.

(8) Culturing the seedlings for 7 months (12 months), moving the seedlings to the field with the average height of 10cm in 2013 months, taking the seedlings with soil, transplanting the seedlings with the soil, watering sufficient rooting water, and shading with a shading net at the initial stage. 560 plants of nursery stock are transplanted, and the survival rate is 100 percent.

(9) The results show that the seeds germinate about 10 days after sowing, the average germination rate of the dry seeds directly sowed is 63.75 percent, and the germination rate is improved to 86.67 percent by soaking the dry seeds in clear water. The average height of the nursery stock cultivated for 6 months is 10cm, the survival rate of bud seedling transplantation is 100 percent, the survival rate of the seedling transplantation in the field is 100 percent, and the method for cultivating the nursery stock is efficient and reliable.

Example 2:

(1) collecting and cultivating the abnormal Mussaenda pubescens fruits in the nursery in 11 middle-late ten days of 2015, storing the fruits in a cool and indoor place, and softening the fruiting ball in 3-4 days;

(2) the softened berries are put into a basin and kneaded with clear water to fully separate the seeds from the pulp. Washing to remove residue such as floating pulp, draining seed and berry with cloth, air drying in shade, sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain seed, sieving with 55 mesh sieve to remove fine impurities such as pulp, and storing in dry shade.

(3) In 4-month-middle ten-year-2016, forest humus soil is screened as a matrix, clear water is sprayed on the forest humus soil and stirred until the forest humus soil is sufficiently wet, the forest humus soil is held by a hand to form clusters, and the clusters are properly dispersed by tapping. A white plastic pot with the caliber of 40 cm and the depth of 15 cm is adopted to manufacture a seeding pot, 4 drain holes with the diameter of about 0.5 cm are formed in the bottom of the pot, and the thickness of a base material paved on the bottom of the pot is 7-8 cm. Covering plastic film with light transmittance of above 95% on the pot mouth, fastening with rope, and pricking 20 air holes with 0.5 mm caliber with pin to obtain the seeding pot.

(4) In 2016, 17-18 days in 4 months, 600 seeds are randomly taken, soaked in clear water for 10 hours, fished out and drained. Uniformly sowing the seeds on the matrix of the sowing pot according to the sowing quantity of 6-8 g/square meter. Spraying clear water after sowing, covering a plastic film of the sowing basin, and fastening with a rope for heat preservation and moisture preservation, wherein the surface layer of the matrix is wet and thorough without water accumulation. The seeding pot is placed in a bright place, the sunlight is directly irradiated for about 3 hours every day, the humidity in the seeding pot is 85-95%, and the temperature is 20-30 ℃. When the temperature is too high, the sun is shaded or the temperature is reduced by moving to a place where the sun is kept away from direct sunlight. Germination started on day 11 after sowing.

(5) After seeds germinate, in 2016, in the beginning of 5 months, taking forest humus soil as a matrix, smashing fine soil blocks, kneading soil particles, picking up impurities such as stones, and the like, spraying clear water on the matrix and stirring until the matrix is sufficiently wet, and holding the matrix into a mass by hand, wherein the mass is proper when the matrix is slightly patted. A white plastic basin with the caliber of 70 cm and the height of 25 cm is adopted, 6-7 drain holes with the diameter of about 0.5 cm are arranged at the bottom of the basin, clean coarse river sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm is paved, then humus soil matrix with the thickness of about 13 cm is paved, a plastic film with the transmittance of 95 percent is covered on the opening of the basin and is fastened by a rope, and 30 vent holes with the caliber of about 0.5 mm are pricked by a pin to form the transplantation basin.

(6) In 2016, after the cotyledons of the seedlings grow, when bolting growth begins, lightly picking transplanting pits with the light depth of 0.5-1 cm according to the plant-row spacing of about 4 cm, picking the seedlings out and transplanting the seedlings into a transplanting pot, implanting the roots and stems of the seedlings into a matrix, righting the skew seedlings, and spraying root fixing water to ensure that the surface layer of soil is wet and thorough without water accumulation. Covering the plastic film of the transplanting basin, fastening, placing the transplanting basin in a bright place for cultivation, directly irradiating for 2-3 hours in sunlight every day, keeping the temperature in the basin at 20-30 ℃ and the humidity at 85-95%. When the temperature is too high, the transplanting basin is moved to the direct sunlight-shielding place to be cooled. Remove sundries such as moss in due time.

(7) After 3-4 pairs of true leaves grow on the nursery stock, gradually uncovering the film to harden the seedling for 4-5 days when the temperature is lower in the shade and the morning and evening, removing the film, increasing the sunlight irradiation to 3-4 hours every day, watering at proper time according to the water content of the substrate, removing sundries such as moss and the like, and cultivating the nursery stock.

(8) Culturing the seedlings for 7 months (12 months), carrying the seedlings to the field with the average height of 11 cm, moving the transplanting pot to the field in 2017 and 3 months, taking the seedlings with soil, transplanting the seedlings with the soil, watering sufficient rooting water, and building a sunshade net to shade at the initial stage. And 5, transplanting 567 seedlings, wherein the survival rate is 100%.

(9) The results show that the seeds germinate about 10 days after sowing, and the germination rate of the seeds reaches 94.5 percent. The average height of the seedlings is 11 cm after the seedlings are cultivated for about 7 months (to 12 months). The survival rate of the transplanted bud seedlings reaches 100 percent, the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings in the field reaches 100 percent, and the seedling cultivation is efficient and reliable.

Example 3

(1) Collecting and cultivating abnormal Mussaenda pubescens berries in 2017 in 11 th late ten days, storing in shade and cool places, and softening after 4-5 days;

(2) in 11 late months of 2017, the softened berries are repeatedly kneaded in a basin with clear water, so that the seeds and the pulp are fully separated. Washing to remove residues such as floating fruit chips, taking out the settled seeds and berry fine particles, draining, air drying in the shade, sieving with a 30-mesh fine sieve to obtain a mixture of seeds and fruit chips, sieving with a 55-mesh fine sieve to remove impurities in fruit chips to obtain the special-shaped Mussaenda pubescens seed, and packaging with kraft paper bags and storing at normal temperature.

(3) In 2018, at the beginning of 5 months, forest humus soil is screened as a matrix, fresh natural humus soil is moderate in water content, and the forest humus soil is held by a hand to form a ball and then is scattered by patting. A white plastic pot with the diameter of 60 cm and the depth of 20 cm is used for manufacturing a seeding pot, and 5 drain holes with the diameter of about 0.5 cm are formed in the bottom of the pot. The substrate was spread to a thickness of 10cm at the bottom of the pot. Covering a plastic film with the transmittance of 95 percent on the pot mouth, fastening the plastic film by a rope, and pricking 30 air holes with the caliber of about 0.5 mm by using pins to prepare the seeding pot.

In 2018, 5, 8-9 months, 300 seeds are taken, 3 repeats are set, and 100 seeds are repeated for each repeat to implement seed propagation. Soaking the seeds in clear water for 8.5 hours before sowing, fishing out the seeds, draining water, uniformly sowing on a matrix according to the sowing quantity of 6-8 g/square meter, spraying clear water after sowing, covering a plastic film of a sowing basin and tightening by using a rope if the surface layer of the matrix is thoroughly wet but no water is accumulated. The seeding pot is placed in a bright place, the sun light irradiates for about 3 hours every day, the humidity in the seeding pot is kept between 85 and 95 percent, and the temperature is kept between 20 and 30 ℃. When the temperature of the air in the basin exceeds 30 ℃, the air is moved to a shady place to be cooled. Germination begins on the 10 th day after sowing, and the germination is completed on about the 25 th day.

After seeds germinate, around 2016, 5 months and 20 days, the forest humus soil is used as a matrix, the smashed soil blocks are used for kneading fine soil particles, and the fresh humus soil is moderately moistened, is held by a hand to form a cluster and is scattered by patting slightly. A light-colored plastic basin with the caliber of 70 cm and the depth of 25 cm is adopted, 6 drain holes with the diameter of about 0.5 cm are arranged at the bottom of the basin, clean coarse river sand with the thickness of about 2-3 cm is paved, a substrate with the thickness of about 13 cm is paved, a plastic film with the transmittance of 95 percent is covered on the opening of the basin and is fastened by a rope, and about 30 vent holes with the caliber of about 0.5 mm are pricked by a pin to prepare the transplantation basin.

And (4) picking out transplanting pits with the depth of about 0.5-1 cm by using bamboo sticks according to the plant-row spacing of 4-5 cm before and after 28-30 days of 2018, lightly picking out bud seedlings by using the bamboo sticks, transplanting and covering the bud seedlings to a root and stem part, righting the oblique seedlings, and spraying root fixing water to ensure that the surface layer of the soil is wet and thorough and no water is accumulated. Covering the plastic film of the transplanting basin, fastening, placing the transplanting basin in a bright place for cultivation, irradiating the transplanting basin with sunlight for 2-3 hours every day, keeping the temperature in the basin at 21-30 ℃ and the humidity at 80-95%. And timely observing and removing impurities such as moss and the like.

After 3-4 pairs of true leaves are grown in 6 late ten days, gradually uncovering the film to harden the seedlings for 4-5 days when the sunshine is not directly irradiated in the morning and evening, removing the film, increasing the sunshine directly irradiated every day to 3-4 hours, watering the transplanting pot matrix at proper time according to the water content condition, and removing sundries such as moss at proper time.

And in 12 months in 2018, the seedlings are cultivated for 7 months, the average seedlings are as high as 11.5cm, in 3 months in 2019, the transplanting pot is moved to a field, seedlings are taken with soil, and the seedlings are transplanted along with the taken seedlings. Watering enough root fixing water, and building a sunshade net for shading in the initial stage. Transplanting 240 seedlings with 100% survival rate.

The results show that the germination rate reaches 81.0 percent through clear water soaking, the bud seedling transplanting survival rate is 100 percent, and the seedling transplanting field cultivation survival rate is 100 percent. The method for breeding the seeds of the mallow with the special shape has the advantages of high seed germination rate, reliable and efficient seedling cultivation.

Claims (6)

1. A method for breeding seeds of Abelmoschus manihot in endangered rare plants is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:

(1) collecting fruits in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, and placing the fruits in a shade place for 3-5 days to soften the fruits;

(2) kneading the softened fruits in clear water to completely separate the seeds from the pulp, cleaning the seeds, washing away fruit debris, filtering out the seeds, drying in the air, and screening out the clean seeds, and packaging and storing the seeds by paper bags;

(3) in spring of the next year, using the screened forest humus soil as a matrix to manufacture a seeding basin;

(4) soaking the seeds in clear water for 8-10 hours before sowing, fishing out and draining, uniformly sowing the seeds on a sowing basin matrix according to the sowing quantity of 6-8 g/square meter, spraying and watering thoroughly, covering a plastic film of the sowing basin and fastening by using a rope; placing the seeding pot in a bright place for cultivation, directly irradiating the seeding pot for 2-3 hours in sunlight every day, keeping the humidity in the pot at 85-95%, keeping the temperature at 20-30 ℃, shading when the temperature is too high or moving the seeding pot to a sunlight-protected direct irradiation place for cooling until seeds germinate;

(5) after the seeds germinate, taking forest humus soil as a matrix to manufacture a transplanting pot;

(6) after the seedling leaves grow, picking out transplanting pits with the depth of 0.5-1 cm by using bamboo sticks according to the plant-row spacing of 4-5 cm, lightly picking out bud seedlings, transplanting and covering soil to the root and stem parts, righting the inclined seedlings, spraying root fixing water thoroughly to enable the soil surface layer to be thoroughly wet without water accumulation, covering a plastic film of a transplanting pot and fastening by using a rope; placing the transplanting pot in a bright place for cultivation, directly irradiating the transplanting pot for 2-3 hours in sunlight every day, keeping the temperature in the pot at 20-30 ℃ and the humidity at 85-95%; when the temperature is too high, shading or moving to a place where sunlight is avoided for cooling;

(7) after 3-4 pairs of true leaves are grown, removing the film in the rainy days or in the morning and evening, hardening off the seedlings for 4-5 days, and removing the film; the sunshine direct-irradiation time per day is increased to 3-4 hours, watering is carried out at proper time, and moss or other sundries are removed;

(8) after 5-6 months of cultivation, the seedlings are moved to the field for cultivation after the height of the seedlings reaches more than 10 cm.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fruit color in step (1) is observed to turn dark green in the middle and late 11 months, the seed coat is turned black to the mature period of the seed, the fruit is picked off and placed in the shade for 3-5 days to soften the fruit.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the seeds are sieved through a 30-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture of seed and fruit scraps, and then the mixture is sieved through a 55-mesh sieve to remove impurities in the fruit scraps, so as to obtain the clean seeds.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding pot in step (3) is made by using the screened forest humus soil as a matrix, mixing the matrix with clear water, and using the humidity as the standard that the soil is held into a ball and then the ball is tapped to be scattered; selecting a light-colored plastic pot with the depth of more than 15 cm from the seeding pot, determining the size according to the seeding quantity, forming a plurality of drainage holes on the bottom of the pot, paving a seeding matrix with the thickness of 5-8 cm in the pot, and flattening the surface; the pot mouth is covered with a plastic film with the transmittance of 95 percent and is tied tightly by a rope to preserve heat and moisture, and a plurality of air holes are tied on the film.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transplanting pot of step (5) is prepared by using forest humus soil as a matrix, mashing the soil block, kneading the soil particles, removing stone and impurities, wetting with clear water, and holding the soil to be a ball with humidity according to the standard of loose when patted; selecting a light-colored plastic basin with the depth of more than 25 cm for the transplanting basin, determining the size according to the number of the sprouts, arranging a plurality of drainage holes at the bottom of the basin, firstly spreading clean coarse river sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm in the basin, then spreading a forest humus soil matrix with the thickness of 10-13 cm, and leveling the surface; the pot mouth is covered with a plastic film with 95% transmittance, and the plastic film is insulated, moisturized and tightly tied by a rope, and 20-30 air holes are tied on the film.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (8) of seedling transplantation, the transplantation pot is moved to the field, seedlings are taken with soil, and the seedlings are transplanted with the seedlings taken; the field seedbed requires fertile soil, sufficient rooting water is poured after transplantation, and shading is carried out at the early stage of transplantation so as to ensure survival of transplantation.