CN105393879A - CamelliatunghinensisChang seed breeding method - Google Patents

CamelliatunghinensisChang seed breeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105393879A
CN105393879A CN201510864906.2A CN201510864906A CN105393879A CN 105393879 A CN105393879 A CN 105393879A CN 201510864906 A CN201510864906 A CN 201510864906A CN 105393879 A CN105393879 A CN 105393879A
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seed
seedling
spray
camellia nitidissima
fertilizer
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Inventor
杨泉光
郭辰
吴儒华
黄瑞斌
陈勇棠
潘子来
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GUANGXI FANGCHENG CAMELLIA NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE MANAGEMENT OFFICE
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GUANGXI FANGCHENG CAMELLIA NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE MANAGEMENT OFFICE
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Publication of CN105393879A publication Critical patent/CN105393879A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a CamelliatunghinensisChang seed breeding method mainly comprising the following steps: seed harvesting, post-harvest processing, matrix selecting, sowing method, post-sowing management, transplanting and bagging, and final-period management; 1, the seed harvesting time is at the beginning of December, the harvested seeds are placed in a shady and cool ventilating placed for drying until seed cases slightly crack, and the seed cases are peeled off and seeds are removed; the seeds are immersed in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes for disinfection, and washed for sowing; 2, river sand is selected as sowing matrix; 3, root organic fertilizer application and overground foliar fertilizer application are carried out after bagging, thus promoting nursery stock growth. Wild CamelliatunghinensisChang is low in fructification, low in germination capacity, low in seedling rate, slow in growth speed, and existing quantity is very less; the CamelliatunghinensisChang seed breeding method can solve the said problems, can improve seedling growing survival rate above 96%, can accelerate seedling growth, and can shorten a seeding formation period.

Description

A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed growing method
Technical field
The invention belongs to rareness species propagation technique field, relate to the artificial propagation of rareness species, be specially a kind of Camellia nitidissima seed propagation method.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima is the general name of Theaceae Camellia Camellia Section Chrysantha, is world-renownedly to treasure endangered plants, is the species uniquely in camellia family with golden yellow petal, is world-famous for the petal that it has golden yellow translucent wax dress.Current Camellia nitidissima in the world has 42 kind of 5 mutation, kind more than 10 is produced and Yunnan Province of China, Guizhou, Sichuan are respectively produced except a kind except North Vietnam, south Guangxi and the west and south are all originated in all the other 29 kind of 5 mutation, and Guangxi is the geographical distribution center of Camellia nitidissima, is described as the native place of Camellia nitidissima.
Dongxing Camellia nitidissima (CamelliatunghinensisChang) is China Guangxi endemic species, and distribution is very narrow, only in the evergreen forest of south Guangxi non-calcareous mountain region, has a small amount of distribution.In recent years, along with the popularity of Camellia nitidissima improves constantly, plantation, research, exploitation Camellia nitidissima become upsurge, cause wild Camellia nitidissima plant to be subjected to excessive exploitation, exacerbate the minimizing of Camellia nitidissima Wild population quantity, are faced with the danger of field extinction.Be badly in need of breeding it carrying out correlative study, and take vigorous growth and the procreation of corresponding Tending guarantee Camellia nitidissima wild stocks.Therefore carry out the research of Camellia nitidissima seedling breeding, artificial propagation Camellia nitidissima nursery stock, to protecting rare and endangered species, a large amount of Camellia nitidissima nursery stock of artificial propagation, is extremely necessary to meet market demand.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is extremely rare for solving Dongxing Camellia nitidissima Wild population quantity in reality, at the bottom of Natural seed setting rate and reproduction rate pole, seedling stage is long, seedling speed is slow, and the problems such as difficult maintenance, provide a kind of Camellia nitidissima seed growing method, make Camellia nitidissima survival rate more than 96%, meanwhile, accelerate growth of seedling, shorten into seedling stage.
For realizing above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of Camellia nitidissima seed growing method, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) the seed collection time: namely gather after seed development maturation, too early seed incomplete development maturation of gathering affects germination rate, and too late seed of gathering is subject to gnawing of animal and insect;
(2) seed collection and process: air-dry by carrying out after under whole fruit, then strip off pericarp takes out seed, with for subsequent use after disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate;
(3) seedbed prepare: seedbed is located in cool canopy, keep shelter from heat or light, ventilated, be equipped with spray facility;
(4) type of seeding: sowing media is chosen as thin river sand, evenly sows in thin river sand seedbed by the seed that clear water is cleaned, covers the thin river sand of one deck, then spray water with spray form at seed;
(5) after planting manage: after planting management work mainly contains water spray, shelters from heat or light, ventilates, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(6) lifting: after first leaf bud of Camellia nitidissima seed germination grows up to blade and reaches maturity, leaf color is bottle green, now can carry out transplanting bag.With scuppit, seedling carrying substrates is dug during lifting, dug the degree of depth and be as the criterion so that root is long, shake off the matrix of root after having dug gently, avoid being completely cured;
(7) bag in transplanting: upper bag as substrate is with the sieved fresh loess of sieve, the specification of nutritious bag is 15cm × 13cm, first bottom sack, pad the loess that last layer thickness is about 3cm, seedling is placed in the central authorities of sack, the seedling degree of depth of putting into sack maintains an equal level be as the criterion with former native vestige and the sack of burying, then seedling is fixed with a hand, another hand-held scuppit backfill loess, one side adds soil, one side vibrates sack gently, also use finger by the compacting gently of the soil of sack surrounding after filling it up with loess, guarantee that loess fully contacts with root system;
(8) upper bag manages afterwards: all seedlings are put neat after bag, and open spray facility switch, water of drenching, keeps the ventilation of seedling raising greenhouse, shelters from heat or light;
(9) fertilizer management: fertilising can be started after nursery stock normal root, for promoting seedling growth, fertilising can be divided into Gen Shi and top dressing, and root is executed as executing slant acidity fertilizer, and top dressing is for spraying foliage fertilizer, and spraying fertilizer is urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor;
(10) weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest: extracted by weeds in time, avoid weeds and Camellia nitidissima to fight for rich water, easily invite insect, affect the growth of plant; When Camellia nitidissima seedling grows young leaves, spray insecticide in time, spraying agent is methidathion and Imidacloprid.
Further, the feature of described Dongxing Camellia nitidissima seed maturity is that fruit colour is from green overstrike; The method of described seed treatment is that shady and cool ventilation place is air-dry to ftracture a little to pericarp by being positioned over after under whole fruit, and strip off pericarp takes out seed, the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.5% 20 minutes, sows after cleaning with clear water; Sowing media is chosen as thin river sand, and planting seed is spaced apart 5cm × 5cm, and the river sand thickness covering seed is 3cm, and spray form water spray keeps the humidity of river sand to be about 80%; The matrix of upper bag is fresh loess; After fertilization time fixes on nursery stock normal root, (after being generally bag about 20 days) can start fertilising, fertilising can be divided into Gen Shi and top dressing, root is executed and is generally monthly executed once, fertilizer is that the animal wastes of fully fermentation, peanut are withered etc., fertilizing method is that fertilizer is soluble in water, then drenches to seedling root; Top dressing, for spraying foliage fertilizer, is carried out when seedling starts to sprout, and spray in every 7-10 days once, spraying fertilizer is urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, the concentration of urea is about 0.3%, and biphosphate potassium concn is about 0.8%, guarantees that seedling whole strain spray is even when spraying; Be aphid and scale insect for Camellia nitidissima seedling common pests, mainstay is Imidacloprid and methidathion, and the matching method of Imidacloprid is: use content of dispersion be 25% ant worm woods wetting powder, convert 4 ~ 5 kg water for every gram, spray after fully stirring; The solution preparation method of methidathion is: the methidathion missible oil of 40% is diluted about 600 times and fully stirs rear sprinkling, and spray date is that larvae development is early stage, or Camellia nitidissima is sprouted the phase.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of Camellia nitidissima seed growing method provided by the invention, makes Camellia nitidissima survival rate more than 96%, meanwhile, accelerate growth of seedling, shorten into seedling stage.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Seed collection and process:
At the beginning of 12 months, seed seed coat by after green overstrike, seed full maturity.By being positioned over after under whole fruit, shady and cool ventilation place is air-dry to ftracture a little to pericarp, and strip off pericarp takes out seed, the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.5% 20 minutes, sows after cleaning with clear water.
Matrix is selected, seedbed is set up and sowing:
Seedbed is built in cool canopy, and density of sheltering from heat or light is 75%, and sowing media is chosen as thin river sand, puts into the thin river sand that about 20cm is thick in seedbed; During sowing, evenly sowed in thin river sand seedbed by the seed that clear water is cleaned, seed is spaced apart 5cm × 5cm, then covers seed with river sand, and thickness is 3cm.
Manage after upper bag:
The fresh loess of matrix of upper bag.Water management, upper bag backsight weather condition is sprayed water, and once, rainy weather is suitably sprayed water less in spray in general 2-3 days, keeps the humidity about 70% of loess; Fertilizer management, after fertilization time fixes on nursery stock normal root, (after being generally bag about 20 days) can start fertilising, fertilising can be divided into Gen Shi and top dressing, root is executed and is generally monthly executed once, fertilizer is that the animal wastes of fully fermentation, peanut are withered etc., fertilizing method is that fertilizer is soluble in water, then drenches around seedling root; Top dressing, for spraying foliage fertilizer, is carried out when seedling starts to sprout, and spray in every 7-10 days once, spraying fertilizer is urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, the concentration of urea is about 0.3%, and biphosphate potassium concn is about 0.8%, guarantees that seedling whole strain spray is even when spraying; Pest management, Camellia nitidissima Major Pests in seedling stage is aphid and scale insect, and period of disease is blade not aging period, the type of attentional selection spray medicine and time, mainstay is Imidacloprid and methidathion, the matching method of Imidacloprid is: use content of dispersion is the ant worm woods wetting powder of 25%, convert 4-5 kg water for every gram, spray after abundant stirring, the solution preparation method of methidathion fully stirs rear sprinkling for 40% methidathion missible oil is diluted about 600 times, spray date is that larvae development is early stage, or Camellia nitidissima is sprouted the phase, is generally 4-5 month.Sprayed once every about 10 days, continuous spraying is prevented and treated for 3-4 time; Timely weeding, weed a garden as early as possible, reduces and grows insect pest, removes in weed growth seedling stage, avoid because of weeds grow up after remove and injure Camellia nitidissima seedling root.
The present embodiment seminal propagation nursery stock germination rate reaches 96%, outplanting rate 95%, accelerates seedling growth speed, shortens into seedling stage.
Embodiment 2
Seed collection and process: with example 1
Matrix is selected, seedbed is set up and sowing: seedbed is built in cool canopy, and density of sheltering from heat or light is 75%, and sowing media is chosen as loess, puts into the fresh loess that about 10cm is thick in seedbed; During sowing, evenly sowed in thin river sand seedbed by the seed that clear water is cleaned, seed is spaced apart 5cm × 5cm, then covers seed with loess, and thickness is 10cm.
Upper bag manages afterwards: the fresh loess of matrix of upper bag.Water management, upper bag backsight weather condition is sprayed water, and once, rainy weather is suitably sprayed water less in spray in general 1-2 days, keeps the humidity about more than 75% of loess; Fertilizer management, after fertilization time fixes on nursery stock normal root, (after being generally bag about 20 days) can start fertilising, fertilising can be divided into Gen Shi and top dressing, root is executed and is generally monthly executed once, fertilizer is that the animal wastes of fully fermentation, peanut are withered etc., fertilizing method is that fertilizer is soluble in water, then drenches around seedling root; Do not carry out top dressing; Pest management, Camellia nitidissima Major Pests in seedling stage is aphid and scale insect, and period of disease is blade not aging period, the type of attentional selection spray medicine and time, mainstay is Imidacloprid and methidathion, the matching method of Imidacloprid be use content of dispersion be 25% ant worm woods wetting powder, convert 4-5 kg water for every gram, spray after abundant stirring, the solution preparation method of methidathion fully stirs rear sprinkling for 40% methidathion missible oil is diluted about 600 times, spray date larvae development is early stage, or Camellia nitidissima is sprouted the phase, is generally 4-5 month.Sprayed once every about 10 days, continuous spraying is prevented and treated for 3-4 time; Timely weeding, weed a garden as early as possible, reduces and grows insect pest, removes in weed growth seedling stage, avoid because of weeds grow up after remove and injure Camellia nitidissima seedling root.
The present embodiment seminal propagation nursery stock germination rate reaches 80%, outplanting rate 75%, because the degree of depth of seed blinding is comparatively dark, too much, soil humidity is large for water spray, seed anoxic is caused to be rotted, be lowered into motility rate, nursery stock being sprayed water after bag be dissolved in too much causes rotten, and fertilising only adopts root to execute, do not carry out top dressing, seedling growth speed is slower.
Embodiment 3
Seed collection and process: with embodiment 1.
Matrix is selected, seedbed is set up and sowing: seedbed is built in cool canopy, and density of sheltering from heat or light is 75%, and sowing media is chosen as perlite, puts into the perlite that about 20cm is thick in seedbed; During sowing, evenly sowed in perlite seedbed by the seed that clear water is cleaned, seed is spaced apart 5cm × 5cm, then covers seed with perlite, and thickness is 6cm.
Upper bag manages afterwards: the fresh soil removal and replacement of matrix of upper bag.Water management, upper bag backsight weather condition is sprayed water, and once, rainy weather is suitably sprayed water less in spray in general 2-3 days, keeps the humidity about 70% of loess; Fertilizer management, after fertilization time fixes on nursery stock normal root, (after being generally bag about 20 days) can start fertilising, fertilising can be divided into Gen Shi and top dressing, root is executed and is generally monthly executed once, and fertilizer is composite fertilizer, and fertilizing method is around seedling, excavate with scuppit annular Cao that the degree of depth is about 3cm, composite fertilizer is put into groove, put 8-10 gram for every bag, then cover fertilizer with the soil dug out, then spray water; Top dressing, for spraying foliage fertilizer, is carried out when seedling starts to sprout, and spray in every 7-10 days once, spraying fertilizer is urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, the concentration of urea is about 0.3%, and biphosphate potassium concn is about 0.8%, guarantees that seedling whole strain spray is even when spraying; Pest management, Camellia nitidissima Major Pests in seedling stage is aphid and scale insect, and period of disease is blade not aging period, the type of attentional selection spray medicine and time, mainstay is Imidacloprid and methidathion, the matching method of Imidacloprid be use content of dispersion be 25% ant worm woods wetting powder, convert 4-5 kg water for every gram, spray after abundant stirring, the solution preparation method of methidathion fully stirs rear sprinkling for 40% methidathion missible oil is diluted about 600 times, spray date larvae development is early stage, or Camellia nitidissima is sprouted the phase, is generally 4-5 month.Sprayed once every about 10 days, continuous spraying is prevented and treated for 3-4 time; Timely weeding, weed a garden as early as possible, reduces and grows insect pest, removes in weed growth seedling stage, avoid because of weeds grow up after remove and injure Camellia nitidissima seedling root.
The present embodiment seminal propagation nursery stock germination rate reaches 96%, outplanting rate 83%, and germination rate is high, but outplanting rate is lower, and the present embodiment adopts fertilizing method to be solid composite fertilizer, easily burns seedling.

Claims (2)

1. a Camellia nitidissima seed growing method, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) the seed collection time: namely gather after seed development maturation, too early seed incomplete development maturation of gathering affects germination rate, and too late seed of gathering is subject to gnawing of animal and insect;
(2) seed collection and process: air-dry by carrying out after under whole fruit, then strip off pericarp takes out seed, after disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, and cleans for subsequent use with clear water;
(3) seedbed prepare: seedbed is located in cool canopy, keep shelter from heat or light, ventilated, be equipped with spray facility;
(4) type of seeding: sowing media is chosen as thin river sand, evenly sows in thin river sand seedbed by the seed that clear water is cleaned, covers the thin river sand of one deck, then spray water with spray form at seed;
(5) after planting manage: after planting management work mainly contains water spray, shelters from heat or light, ventilates, the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(6) lifting: after first leaf bud of Camellia nitidissima seed germination grows up to blade and reaches maturity, leaf color is bottle green, now can carry out transplanting bag, with scuppit, seedling carrying substrates is dug during lifting, dig the degree of depth to be as the criterion so that root is long, shake off the matrix of root after having dug gently, avoid being completely cured;
(7) bag in transplanting: upper bag as substrate is with the sieved fresh loess of sieve, the specification of nutritious bag is 15cm × 13cm, first bottom sack, pad the loess that last layer thickness is about 3cm, seedling is placed in the central authorities of sack, the seedling degree of depth of putting into sack maintains an equal level be as the criterion with former native vestige and the sack of burying, then seedling is fixed with a hand, another hand-held scuppit backfill loess, one side adds soil, one side vibrates sack gently, also use finger by the compacting gently of the soil of sack surrounding after filling it up with loess, guarantee that loess fully contacts with root system;
(8) upper bag manages afterwards: all seedlings are put neat after bag, and open spray facility switch, water of drenching, keeps the ventilation of seedling raising greenhouse, shelters from heat or light;
(9) fertilizer management: fertilising can be started after nursery stock normal root, for promoting seedling growth, fertilising can be divided into Gen Shi and top dressing, and root is executed as executing slant acidity fertilizer, and top dressing is for spraying foliage fertilizer, and spraying fertilizer is urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor;
(10) weeding, the extermination of disease and insect pest: extracted by weeds in time, avoid weeds and Camellia nitidissima to fight for rich water, easily invite insect, affect the growth of plant; When Camellia nitidissima seedling grows young leaves, spray insecticide in time, spraying agent is methidathion and Imidacloprid.
2. a kind of Camellia nitidissima seed growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the feature of described Dongxing Camellia nitidissima seed maturity is that fruit colour is from green overstrike; The method of described seed treatment is that shady and cool ventilation place is air-dry to ftracture a little to pericarp by being positioned over after under whole fruit, and strip off pericarp takes out seed, the disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate with 0.5% 20 minutes, sows after cleaning with clear water; Sowing media is chosen as thin river sand, and planting seed is spaced apart 5cm × 5cm, and the river sand thickness covering seed is 3cm, and spray form water spray keeps the humidity of river sand to be about 80%; The matrix of upper bag is fresh loess; After fertilization time fixes on nursery stock normal root, (after being generally bag about 20 days) can start fertilising, fertilising can be divided into Gen Shi and top dressing, root is executed and is generally monthly executed once, fertilizer is that the animal wastes of fully fermentation, peanut are withered etc., fertilizing method is that fertilizer is soluble in water, then drenches to seedling root; Top dressing, for spraying foliage fertilizer, is carried out when seedling starts to sprout, and spray in every 7-10 days once, spraying fertilizer is urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, the concentration of urea is about 0.3%, and biphosphate potassium concn is about 0.8%, guarantees that seedling whole strain spray is even when spraying; Be aphid and scale insect for Camellia nitidissima seedling common pests, mainstay is Imidacloprid and methidathion, and the matching method of Imidacloprid is: use content of dispersion be 25% ant worm woods wetting powder, convert 4 ~ 5 kg water for every gram, spray after fully stirring; The solution preparation method of methidathion is: the methidathion missible oil of 40% is diluted about 600 times and fully stirs rear sprinkling, and spray date is that larvae development is early stage, or Camellia nitidissima is sprouted the phase.
CN201510864906.2A 2015-12-01 2015-12-01 CamelliatunghinensisChang seed breeding method Pending CN105393879A (en)

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Cited By (7)

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CN106034946A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-10-26 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 Pterospermum kingtungense seed growing method
CN106305203A (en) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-11 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 Camellia nitidissima seedling culture method
CN106489741A (en) * 2016-12-01 2017-03-15 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 A kind of preparation method of Camellia nitidissima aseptic explant
CN106954513A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-07-18 揭阳市菁华种养专业合作社 A kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima seedling
CN107182349A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-22 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 A kind of storage method of Camellia nitidissima seed
CN109997591A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-12 广西师范大学 A kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings
CN115868562A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-03-31 杨军贤 Method for preparing bitter sweet tea by extracting bitter sweet theophylline from new wild tea

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CN102273367A (en) * 2010-06-09 2011-12-14 黎蕾秀 Air-brick medium for cuttage of seedlings
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106034946A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-10-26 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 Pterospermum kingtungense seed growing method
CN106305203A (en) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-11 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 Camellia nitidissima seedling culture method
CN106489741A (en) * 2016-12-01 2017-03-15 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 A kind of preparation method of Camellia nitidissima aseptic explant
CN106954513A (en) * 2017-03-28 2017-07-18 揭阳市菁华种养专业合作社 A kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima seedling
CN107182349A (en) * 2017-06-22 2017-09-22 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 A kind of storage method of Camellia nitidissima seed
CN109997591A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-12 广西师范大学 A kind of breeding method of Camellia nitidissima container seedlings
CN115868562A (en) * 2022-09-30 2023-03-31 杨军贤 Method for preparing bitter sweet tea by extracting bitter sweet theophylline from new wild tea

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