CN107242023A - A kind of implantation methods of watermelon - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of watermelon Download PDFInfo
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- CN107242023A CN107242023A CN201710662718.0A CN201710662718A CN107242023A CN 107242023 A CN107242023 A CN 107242023A CN 201710662718 A CN201710662718 A CN 201710662718A CN 107242023 A CN107242023 A CN 107242023A
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- melon
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- watermelon
- seedling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of watermelon, comprises the following steps：A, seed selection；B, presoaking and germinating；C, site preparation and preparing nursery bed；D, nursery and transplanting；E, field management；F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Low temperature resistant early-maturing variety is selected in the invention, using washing kind, seed soaking, dry in the air and plant and vernalization, it ensure that the survival rate of nursery, it is combined using farm manure and composite fertilizer, environmental protection, residues of pesticides are few, using warmhouse booth cultivation or vinyl house multilayer-covering cultivation, the covering of greenhouse multilayer refers to " film of greenhouse+two+shed+mulch film ", the lid straw mat on shed, high insulating effect, cultivation can be planted in advance, rob early late April~the first tenday period of a month in May listing, price is high, two-batch melon can be harvested, it is profitable, using precision management pattern, make product sugar content high, good quality, it is delicious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods of watermelon.
Background technology
Watermelon is a kind of fruit that consumers in general like very much, nutritious, local flavor and hygienic quality better.Growth of watermelon
Area is also in the trend expanded year by year.But because people covet to yield and economic benefit, particularly to planting cost
Control, occur in that cropping pattern homogeneity or unification, particularly irrational fertilising, cause soil hardening and salination to show
As especially causing the degradation of quality of watermelon, the problems such as causing many watermelon residues of pesticides, poor quality, not good taste.With people
Growth in the living standard and the enhancing of Consciousness of food security, consumer to the quality of watermelon, taste and Time To Market have more
Carry out higher requirement, the summer and autumn watermelon of listing can not meet the demand of consumers in general.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of watermelon, and this method can make watermelon input small, list ahead of time, green ring
Protect, watermelon residues of pesticides are few, quality better.
The present invention is for the technical scheme that is used of solution technical problem：
A kind of implantation methods of watermelon, comprise the following steps：
A, seed selection：The selection kind that low temperature resistant, prematureness is good, disease resistance is strong；
B, presoaking and germinating：Wash kind：Wash the protective layer of the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands, this layer carries disease germs at most, if washing the water overrich planted,
With 55 DEG C-60 DEG C of water logging kind, it can be soaked seed 6-8 hours, 8 hour autumn of seed soaking spring soaks seed 6 hours using rinsing,
The unnecessary moisture evaporation of seed falls, otherwise can be different because of neutron absorption moisture during vernalization, partially absorbs runny seed and makes
Into going rotten, vernalization again after drying in the air in the cool 30 minutes is spread out on wet gauze；Vernalization：Vernalization is should be noted that when vernalization
Seed should not be arbitrarily stirred in journey, also should not open seed halfway checks, can so cause seed germination irregular.In vernalization
In journey it is noted that control temperature, humidity can not it is too high or it is too low influence budding；If the unsuitable long overlong time of germination time,
Root come out it is long after can influence seedbed be unearthed when put vernalization under increase workload, 30-32 DEG C of constant temperature, when radicle length to 0.5
Centimetre when can sow；
C, site preparation and preparing nursery bed：Cultivated watermelons will select that deep loosing soil, soil layer, fertile soil, drainage be good, illumination is filled
Foot, when plot with a western exposure, the unsuitable continuous cropping of melonry, typically take crop rotation in 4 ~ 5 years once, preceding work is with the grass family such as wheat, corn work
Thing is best, next to that the vegetable crop such as potato, Chinese cabbage, melon patch must deep plough, preferably winter is ploughed, and was deep ploughing or was having
Deep plough in the plot on basis, surrounding begins to rehearse ditch, furrow, every mu of application well-rotted farmyard manure 2500 ~ 3000 are done according to 1.5 meters of spacing
Kilogram, 40 ~ 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer is affixed by, 20 ~ 25 kilograms of balanced type composite fertilizer, 2 kilograms of borax, 1 kilogram of zinc fertilizer coordinates and applies Nereid
Clever bioenergizer, can play improvement soil physico-chemical property, increase soil granular structure, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.And
The last covering with plastic film in melon ridge is made into, sowing is waited or transplants；
D, nursery and transplanting：Using warmhouse booth cultivation or vinyl house multilayer-covering cultivation, the covering of greenhouse multilayer refers to " greenhouse
+ two films+shed+mulch film ", the lid straw mat on shed, high insulating effect, in late December ~ nursery mid-January, from sowing to son
Leaf is unearthed, and keeps 25 DEG C -30 DEG C, 18 DEG C -22 DEG C of night daytime；Cool after coming up, 22 DEG C -27 DEG C or so of daytime, night
14 DEG C -18 DEG C, to prevent excessive growth；Transplanted in early Febuary-early March, seedling age 40 ~ 45 days, the heart of -4 leaf of 3 leaf of melon seedling 1 is transplanted, and is pressed
Spacing in the rows 50-60cm opens cave, and one plant is colonized per cave, and every mu is transplanted 700 ~ 800, and field planting water is irrigated after transplanting；
E, field management：Watermelon seedling growth is slow, early pipe to promote early hair, stretches climing rear control rich water, excessive growth is prevented, for wound of bearing fruit
Condition is made, selection preferably section position carries out artificial supplementary pollination, water management：Watermelon whole growth period waters 4 ~ 5 times, and watermelon is stretched climing
Rear blade increases, and the sunshine-duration is long, and water requirement is increased, and must be poured once " taking out climing water "；When young melon length to goose egg size, pour swollen
Melon water, it is ensured that the yield of watermelon and quality and normal growth and development；It can be decided whether later according to weather and soil moisture content at that time
Water, harvesting the last week stops watering；Fertilizing management：Watermelon is fertilizer-favorable plant, and the rational application of fertilizer is to ensure watermelon good quality and high output
One of important measures.Total principle is：Careful apply carries seed manure, ingeniously applies and stretches climing fertilizer, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer.In the case where base fertilizer is sufficient,
Seedling Stage is not applied typically and carries seed manure；If it was found that wilting seedling or stiff seedling, can in fine day afternoon every plant pour 0.3% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse+0.4% urine
Plain mixed liquor 500ml, also can clever bioenergizer (blade face type) the 1000 times of liquid of foliage-spray Nereid；Take out climing fertilizer should using nitrogenous fertilizer as
It is main, it is aided with potash fertilizer quick-acting fertilizer, promotes the nutrient growth of watermelon, pouring can be coordinated to apply Nereid's 300 times of liquid of clever bioenergizer, to protect
Demonstrate,prove the formation of the required flourishing root system of watermelon high yield and enough leaf areas；Quick-acting chemical fertilizer are imposed before fruit expanding period, are topdressed
Should be based on potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer, every mu imposes 15-20 kilograms of 45% nitre sulfenyl or potassium sulfate type Controlled Release Fertilizer, is conducive to fruit yield
Form the improvement with quality；Later stage carries out foliage application, can be sprayed once every 7 ~ 10 days with 0.2% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse solution, altogether spray
2 ~ 3 times, improve fruit；Training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant：Watermelon is typically using double climing or three climing trainings.Double climing trainings are selected and remain outside main stem, and
Main stem base portion selects a healthy and strong lateral bine, and remaining lateral bine is all extractd.So vines are reasonably distributed, blade ventilation and penetrating light, are increased
Strong photosynthesis and resistance against diseases, so as to increase output increased quality；Keep down the vines of a creeping plant, melon seedling can be fixed, prevent from being turned over by strong wind, control
Melon seedling growth processed；When melon seedling main stem grows to 29-31cm, melon seedling will be made in order every strain by left and right directions, and make melon seedling to opposite
Direction grows.Keeping down the vines of a creeping plant typically has bright pressure and dark pressure two ways；Bright pressure refers to be fixed on ground melon is climing with soil block or branch etc.
On；Dark pressure be with shovel by soil shovel it is loose, clap, the climing pile things on of melon is in underground.Pressure is for the first time, later every during general 40 ~ 50cm of main stem
Every 4 ~ 6 section pressures once, it need to press 2 ~ 3 times；Artificial supplementary pollination：To ensure the female flower result of suitable section position, it is necessary to manually awarded
Powder；Stay fruit best with the female flower of main stem the 3rd or the second female flower of lateral bine quality, yield highest.Pollination is entered in every morning 8 ~ 11 point
OK, when morning, watermelon was bloomed, just open male flower is first gathered from pollinated variety, petal is folded to behind, exposes stamen, so
Gently smeared one week on the female chapiter of aspermous watermelon opened afterwards on the day of, make its uniform pollination；Bear fruit and stay fruit：When young fruit length to steamed bun
During size, fruit starts to expand rapidly, now general no longer shedding, to select the section fruit that position is good, fruit shape is positive in time, it is double climing or
A fruit is stayed in three climing every plant of trainings；Fruit is nursed：Bloom and bear fruit and fruit development stage in watermelon, intensive care fruit is also to improve
The key link of the yield of watermelon and quality；The measure of nursing has shield melon, pads melon, turn over melon, perpendicular melon, shine melon and lid melon etc..If vertical
Frame cultivation, then nylon net bag potyvirus must be used in 0.5kg, with anti-fall melon；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Burnt it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time, with the 400 times of sterilizations of lime or 50% ambam in sick cave, morbidity is just
Phase can pour the 500-1000 times of liquid preventing and treating of 50% ambam in root, using decomposed manure and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.5-7 month watermelons are given birth to
70% thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid, 500-700 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim, 50% zineb 1000 was used alternatingly during length every 7-10 days
The spraying preventing and treating of times liquid, worm's ovums are eliminated using ploughing many rakes early spring to subterranean pest-insects such as black cutworm, melon maggot, aulacophora femoralises more, with sweet and sour
Lure moth to eliminate adult, root is poured with 90% 800-1000 times of liquid of metrifonate or adds a small amount of water to mix fresh grass, stir the cake fertilizer trapping of perfume.
Red spider, Liriomyza spray 50% AVM, 2000-3000 times of liquid preventing and treating of emamectin benzoate.
The implantation methods using washing kind, soak seed, dry in the air kind and vernalization, it is ensured that the survival rate of nursery, using fine management
Method, in germination period：Seed sprouting deploys to cotyledon, and true leaf appears, and keeps hot and humid, and cooling prevents apprentice after coming up
It is long, to promote the development of root and leaf；In Seedling Stage：True leaf is exposed to 5 ~ 6 leaves, and increment is small, and good bar is given in cultivation
Part, promotes seedlings root and Organ Differentiation；Taking out the climing phase：By 5 ~ 6 leaves take out it is climing to staying the female flower of melon section position to open, growth
Speed is fast, and increment is big, promotes cauline leaf growth in cultivation, certain nutrition system is formed, while wanting Spindling control, it is ensured that floral organ
Formation；In the phase of bearing fruit：By staying melon section female flower opens into fruit untill vigorous growth, photosynthate starts defeated to fruit
Enter.The balance of nutrient growth and fruit development is adjusted in cultivation, to ensure to sit melon；In fruit vigorous period：It is fast by fruit
Fast-growing grow to fruit size it is substantially stationary untill.This phase fruit growth amount is big, nutrient is absorbed at most, when being the key to form yield
Phase.Water is chased after in cultivation to topdress, and promote mushrooming out for fruit；Becoming the flesh phase：Being affixed basically to the maturity period by fruit size is
Only, this phase sugar is converted rapidly, and outward appearance has the intrinsic color and luster of the kind.Cauline leaf early ageing is prevented in cultivation, with ensure yield and
Quality.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Low temperature resistant early-maturing variety is selected in the invention, using washing kind, is soaked seed, dries in the air kind and is urged
Bud, it is ensured that the survival rate of nursery, is combined, environmental protection, residues of pesticides are few using farm manure and composite fertilizer, big using greenhouse
Canopy is cultivated or vinyl house multilayer-covering cultivation, and the covering of greenhouse multilayer refers to " film of greenhouse+two+shed+mulch film ", is covered on shed
Straw mat, high insulating effect, cultivation can be planted in advance, rob early late April~the first tenday period of a month in May listing, and price is high, can harvest two-batch melon,
It is profitable, using precision management pattern, make product sugar content high, good quality is delicious.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of implantation methods of watermelon, comprise the following steps：
A, seed selection：The selection big fruit high yield type kind of high-quality that low temperature resistant, temperature resistance is strong, disease resistance is strong；
B, presoaking and germinating：Wash kind：Wash the protective layer of the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands, this layer carries disease germs at most, then the middle temperature more than 38 DEG C
Sterilization, with 60 DEG C of water logging kind, autumn soaks seed 6 hours, the unnecessary moisture evaporation of seed is fallen, otherwise can be inhaled during vernalization because of seed
Receive moisture different, partially absorb runny seed and cause to go rotten, spread out on wet gauze after drying in the air in the cool 30 minutes again
Vernalization；Vernalization：Should be noted that when vernalization should not arbitrarily stir seed in pregermination procedure, also should not open seed halfway looks into
See, can so cause seed germination irregular.It is noted that control temperature, humidity can not too high or too low shadows in pregermination procedure
Ring budding.If the unsuitable long overlong time of germination time, root come out it is long after put increase work when can influence the seedbed to be unearthed
Measure, vernalization under 33 DEG C of constant temperature；
C, site preparation and preparing nursery bed：Cultivated watermelons will select that deep loosing soil, soil layer, fertile soil, drainage be good, illumination is filled
Foot, when plot with a western exposure, the unsuitable continuous cropping of melonry, typically take crop rotation in 4 ~ 5 years once, preceding work is with the grass family such as wheat, corn work
Thing is best, next to that the vegetable crop such as potato, Chinese cabbage, melon patch must deep plough, preferably winter is ploughed, and was deep ploughing or was having
Deep plough in the plot on basis, surrounding begins to rehearse ditch, furrow are done according to 1.5 meters of spacing, every mu of 2500 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure of application, plus
40 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer is applied, 20 kilograms of balanced type composite fertilizer, 2 kilograms of borax, 1 kilogram of zinc fertilizer coordinates and applies the clever bioenergizer of Nereid,
Improvement soil physico-chemical property can be played, increases soil granular structure, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.And be made into melon ridge and finally cover
Lid mulch film, waits sowing or transplants；
D, nursery and transplanting：Cultivated using warmhouse booth, in late December, be unearthed from sowing to cotyledon, keep 30 DEG C, night daytime
Between 22 DEG C, after coming up cool, 27 DEG C or so of daytime, 18 DEG C of night；Transplanted in mid-February, seedling age 40 days, the heart of 3 leaf of melon seedling 1
Transplant, cave is opened by spacing in the rows 50, one plant is colonized per cave, every mu is transplanted 800, and field planting water is irrigated after transplanting；
E, field management：Watermelon seedling growth is slow, early pipe to promote early hair, stretches climing rear control rich water, excessive growth is prevented, for wound of bearing fruit
Condition is made, selection preferably section position carries out artificial supplementary pollination, water management：Watermelon whole growth period waters at least 2 times, and watermelon is stretched
Climing rear blade increases, and the sunshine-duration is long, and water requirement is increased, and must be poured once " taking out climing water ".When young melon length to fist size, pour
Swollen melon water, it is ensured that the yield of watermelon and quality and normal growth and development；Can be according to weather at that time and soil moisture content decision later
No to water, harvesting the last week stops watering；Fertilizing management：Watermelon is fertilizer-favorable plant, and the rational application of fertilizer is to ensure watermelon good quality and high output
One of important measures；Total principle is：Careful apply carries seed manure, ingeniously applies and stretches climing fertilizer, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer.In the situation that base fertilizer is sufficient
Under, Seedling Stage is not applied typically and carries seed manure；If it was found that wilting seedling or stiff seedling, can be poured in every plant of the fine day afternoon 0.3% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse+
0.4% urea mixed solution 500ml, potash fertilizer quick-acting fertilizer should be aided with based on nitrogenous fertilizer by taking out climing fertilizer, promote the nutrient growth of watermelon, can
Pouring is coordinated to apply the clever 300 times of liquid of bioenergizer of Nereid, to ensure flourishing root system needed for watermelon high yield and enough leaf area
Formed；Quick-acting chemical fertilizer are imposed before fruit expanding period, topdressing should be based on potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer, and every mu imposes the public affairs of 45% nitre sulfenyl fertilizer 15
Jin, is conducive to the formation of fruit yield and the improvement of quality；Later stage carry out foliage application, can with 0.2% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse solution every
Spray once within 7 days, spray 2 times altogether, improve fruit；Training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant：Watermelon is using double climing trainings, and double climing trainings are selected and remain outside main stem,
And a healthy and strong lateral bine is selected in main stem base portion, remaining lateral bine is all extractd；So vines are reasonably distributed, and blade ventilation is saturating
Light, enhancing photosynthesis and resistance against diseases, so as to increase output increased quality；Keep down the vines of a creeping plant, melon seedling can be fixed, prevent by big wind
Turn over, control melon seedling growth.When melon seedling main stem grows to 30cm, melon seedling is made in order every strain by left and right directions, makes melon seedling to opposite
Direction grows；Keep down the vines of a creeping plant using bright pressure, bright press refers to be fixed on the ground melon is climing with soil block or branch etc.；During general main stem 40cm
Pressure for the first time, need to be pressed 2 times later pressures every 4 section once；Artificial supplementary pollination：To ensure the female flower result of suitable section position, it is necessary to
Carry out artificial pollination；Stay fruit best with the female flower quality of main stem the 3rd, yield highest.Pollination is in 8 points of progress of every morning, and morning is western
When melon is bloomed, just open male flower is first gathered from pollinated variety, petal is folded to behind, exposes stamen, then on the day of
Gently smeared one week on the female chapiter of open aspermous watermelon, make its uniform pollination；Bear fruit and stay fruit：When young fruit length to steamed bun size,
Fruit starts to expand rapidly, now general no longer shedding, and the section fruit that position is good, fruit shape is positive, double climing every plant of trainings are selected in time
Stay a fruit；Fruit is nursed：Bloom and bear fruit and fruit development stage in watermelon, intensive care fruit is also to improve the yield of watermelon and product
The key link of matter；The measure of nursing has shield melon, pads melon, turn over melon, perpendicular melon, shine melon and lid melon etc..Stand cultivation, then must be
Nylon net bag potyvirus is used during 0.5kg, with anti-fall melon；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Burnt it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time, with the sterilization of 400 times of 50% ambam in sick cave, early stage can be
The preventing and treating of 50% ambam, 1000 times of liquid is poured in root, using decomposed manure and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, every 7 during 5-7 month watermelon growings
70% thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid, 25% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid, the spraying preventing and treating of 50% zineb, 1000 times of liquid is used alternatingly in it, to small
The subterranean pest-insects such as tiger, melon maggot, aulacophora femoralis use cultivated many rake elimination worm's ovums more than early spring, moth elimination adult are lured with sweet and sour, with 90%
800 times of liquid of metrifonate pour root or add a small amount of water to mix fresh grass, stir the cake fertilizer trapping of perfume；Red spider, Liriomyza spray 50% AVM
2000 times of liquid preventing and treatings.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of implantation methods of watermelon, comprise the following steps：
A, seed selection：The selection precocity that temperature resistance is strong, disease resistance is strong, and the good kind of two-batch melon；
B, presoaking and germinating：Wash kind：Wash the protective layer of the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands using rinsing, this layer carries disease germs at most, then at 38 DEG C
Middle temperature sterilization above, with 55 DEG C of water logging kind, spring soaks seed 8 hours, the unnecessary moisture evaporation of seed fallen, otherwise meeting during vernalization
Because neutron absorption moisture is different, partially absorbs runny seed and cause to go rotten, spread out on wet gauze and dry in the air 30 in the cool
Vernalization again after minute；Vernalization：Should be noted that when vernalization should not arbitrarily stir seed in pregermination procedure, should not also beat halfway
Open seed to check, can so cause seed germination irregular.In pregermination procedure it is noted that control temperature, humidity can not it is too high or
The too low influence budding of person.If the unsuitable long overlong time of germination time, root come out it is long after pendulum when can influence the seedbed to be unearthed
Vernalization under increase workload, 33 DEG C of constant temperature is put, can be sowed when radicle length is to 0.5 centimetre；
C, site preparation and preparing nursery bed：Cultivated watermelons will select that deep loosing soil, soil layer, fertile soil, drainage be good, illumination is filled
Foot, when plot with a western exposure, the unsuitable continuous cropping of melonry, typically take crop rotation in 4 ~ 5 years once, preceding work is with the grass family such as wheat, corn work
Thing is best, next to that the vegetable crop such as potato, Chinese cabbage, melon patch must deep plough, preferably winter is ploughed, and was deep ploughing or was having
Deep plough in the plot on basis, surrounding begins to rehearse ditch, furrow are done according to 1.5 meters of spacing, every mu of 3000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure of application,
50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer is affixed by, 25 kilograms of balanced type composite fertilizer, 2 kilograms of borax, 1 kilogram of zinc fertilizer coordinates and applies the clever biostimulation of Nereid
Agent, can play improvement soil physico-chemical property, increase soil granular structure, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.And it is made into melon ridge most
Covering with plastic film, waits sowing or transplants afterwards；
D, culturing and transplanting seedlings：Vinyl house multilayer-covering cultivation, " film of greenhouse+two+shed+mulch film ", the lid straw mat on shed, insulation
Effect is good, in nursery mid-January, is unearthed from sowing to cotyledon, keeps 25 DEG C DEG C, 18 DEG C DEG C of night, when nocturnal temperature drop daytime
During to 15 DEG C, upper greenhouse apron；When nocturnal temperature drops to 10 DEG C, dusk Small plastic shed starts lid straw screen or mat；Cool after coming up,
22 DEG C or so of daytime, 14 DEG C of night；Transplanted in late Febuary, seedling age 45 days, the heart of 3 leaf of melon seedling 1 is transplanted, and opens cave by spacing in the rows 60cm, often
Cave is colonized one plant, and every mu is transplanted 700, and field planting water is irrigated after transplanting；
E, field management：Watermelon seedling growth is slow, early pipe to promote early hair, stretches climing rear control rich water, excessive growth is prevented, for wound of bearing fruit
Condition is made, selection preferably section position carries out artificial supplementary pollination, water management：Watermelon whole growth period waters at least 3 times, and watermelon is stretched
Climing rear blade increases, and the sunshine-duration is long, and water requirement is increased, and must be poured once " taking out climing water ".When young melon length to fist size, pour
Swollen melon water, it is ensured that the yield of watermelon and quality and normal growth and development；Can be according to weather at that time and soil moisture content decision later
No to water, harvesting the last week stops watering；Fertilizing management：Watermelon is fertilizer-favorable plant, and the rational application of fertilizer is to ensure watermelon good quality and high output
One of important measures；Total principle is：Careful apply carries seed manure, ingeniously applies and stretches climing fertilizer, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer.In the situation that base fertilizer is sufficient
Under, Seedling Stage is not applied typically and carries seed manure.If it was found that wilting seedling or stiff seedling, can be poured in every plant of the fine day afternoon 0.3% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse+
0.4% urea mixed solution 500ml, foliage-spray Nereid spirit bioenergizer (blade face type) 1000 times of liquid；Take out climing fertilizer should using nitrogenous fertilizer as
It is main, it is aided with potash fertilizer quick-acting fertilizer, promotes the nutrient growth of watermelon, pouring can be coordinated to apply Nereid's 300 times of liquid of clever bioenergizer, to protect
Demonstrate,prove the formation of the required flourishing root system of watermelon high yield and enough leaf areas；Quick-acting chemical fertilizer are imposed before fruit expanding period, are topdressed
Should be based on potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer, every mu imposes 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate type Controlled Release Fertilizer, is conducive to the formation of fruit yield and changing for quality
It is kind.Later stage carries out foliage application, can be sprayed once every 10 days with 0.2% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse solution, sprays 3 times altogether, improves fruit；It is whole
Branch is kept down the vines of a creeping plant：Watermelon is using double climing trainings；Double climing trainings are selected and remain outside main stem, and select a healthy and strong lateral bine in main stem base portion,
Remaining lateral bine is all extractd；So vines are reasonably distributed, blade ventilation and penetrating light, enhancing photosynthesis and resistance against diseases, so as to increase
Plus output increased quality；Keep down the vines of a creeping plant, melon seedling can be fixed, prevent from being turned over by strong wind, control melon seedling growth.When melon seedling main stem is grown to
During 31cm, melon seedling is made in order every strain by left and right directions, melon seedling is grown in the opposite direction.Keep down the vines of a creeping plant using dark pressure mode.Dark pressure
Be with shovel by soil shovel pine, clap, the climing pile things on of melon in underground, during general main stem 50cm press for the first time, later every 6 section pressure one
It is secondary, it need to press 3 times；Artificial supplementary pollination：To ensure the female flower result of suitable section position, it is necessary to carry out artificial pollination；Fruit is stayed with main stem
3rd female flower quality is best, yield highest；Pollination is in 11 points of progress of every morning, when morning, watermelon was bloomed, first from pollinated variety
The just open male flower of upper collection, petal is folded to behind, exposes stamen, the female chapiter of aspermous watermelon then opened on the day of
On gently smear one week, make its uniform pollination；Bear fruit and stay fruit：When young fruit length to steamed bun size, fruit starts to expand rapidly, and now one
As no longer shedding, section position is good, fruit shape is positive fruit is selected in time, a fruit is stayed in double climing every plant of trainings；Fruit is nursed：Opened in watermelon
Flower is beared fruit and fruit development stage, and intensive care fruit is also the key link for improving the yield of watermelon and quality.The measure of nursing
There is shield melon, pad melon, turn over melon, perpendicular melon, shine melon and lid melon etc.；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Burnt it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time, lime disinfection is used in sick cave, early stage can pour 50% in root
1000 times of liquid preventing and treatings of ambam, using decomposed manure and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.Make during 5-7 month watermelon growings every 10 days alternatings
With 70% thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid, 25% carbendazim, 700 times of liquid, 50% zineb, 1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings, to black cutworm, melon
The subterranean pest-insects such as maggot, aulacophora femoralis use cultivated many rake elimination worm's ovums more than early spring, moth elimination adult are lured with sweet and sour, with 90% metrifonate
1000 times of liquid pour root or add a small amount of water to mix fresh grass, stir the cake fertilizer trapping of perfume.Red spider, Liriomyza spray 50% AVM, 3000
The preventing and treating of times liquid.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of implantation methods of watermelon, comprise the following steps：
A, seed selection：Select the precocious kind that temperature resistance is strong, disease resistance is strong；
B, presoaking and germinating：Wash kind：Wash the protective layer of the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands using rinsing, this layer carries disease germs at most, then can be with then
The middle temperature sterilization more than 38 DEG C, with 50 DEG C of water logging kind, spring soaks seed 8 hours, the unnecessary moisture evaporation of seed is fallen, otherwise urged
Can be different because of neutron absorption moisture during bud, partially absorb runny seed and cause to go rotten, spread out on wet gauze in cool place
Vernalization again after place dries in the air 30 minutes；Vernalization：Should be noted that when vernalization should not arbitrarily stir seed in pregermination procedure, also should not
Midway is opened seed and checked, can so cause seed germination irregular.It is noted that control temperature, humidity can not in pregermination procedure
Too high or too low influence budding.If the unsuitable long overlong time of germination time, root come out it is long after seedbed can be influenceed to be unearthed
When put vernalization under increase workload, 33 DEG C of constant temperature, can be sowed when radicle length is to 0.5 centimetre；
C, site preparation and preparing nursery bed：Cultivated watermelons will select that deep loosing soil, soil layer, fertile soil, drainage be good, illumination is filled
Foot, when plot with a western exposure, the unsuitable continuous cropping of melonry, typically take crop rotation in 4 ~ 5 years once, preceding work is with the grass family such as wheat, corn work
Thing is best, next to that the vegetable crop such as potato, Chinese cabbage, melon patch must deep plough, preferably winter is ploughed, and was deep ploughing or was having
Deep plough in the plot on basis, surrounding begins to rehearse ditch, furrow are done according to 1.5 meters of spacing, every mu of 2800 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure of application,
45 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer is affixed by, 22 kilograms of balanced type composite fertilizer, 2 kilograms of borax, 1 kilogram of zinc fertilizer coordinates and applies the clever biostimulation of Nereid
Agent, can play improvement soil physico-chemical property, increase soil granular structure, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer.And it is made into melon ridge most
Covering with plastic film, waits sowing or transplants afterwards；
D, culturing and transplanting seedlings：Cultivated using warmhouse booth, in late December nursery, be unearthed from sowing to cotyledon, keep 28 DEG C daytime,
At 20 DEG C of night, cool after coming up, 25 DEG C or so of daytime, 16 DEG C of night；Transplanted in early Febuary, seedling age 42 days, the leaf 1 of melon seedling 4
The heart is transplanted, and cave is opened by spacing in the rows 55cm, and one plant is colonized per cave, and every mu is transplanted 750, and field planting water is irrigated after transplanting；
E, field management：Watermelon seedling growth is slow, early pipe to promote early hair, stretches climing rear control rich water, excessive growth is prevented, for wound of bearing fruit
Condition is made, selection preferably section position carries out artificial supplementary pollination, water management：Watermelon whole growth period waters at least 3 times, and watermelon is stretched
Climing rear blade increases, and the sunshine-duration is long, and water requirement is increased, and must be poured once " taking out climing water ".When young melon length to fist size, pour
Swollen melon water, it is ensured that the yield of watermelon and quality and normal growth and development.Can be according to weather at that time and soil moisture content decision later
No to water, harvesting the last week stops watering；Fertilizing management：Watermelon is fertilizer-favorable plant, and the rational application of fertilizer is to ensure watermelon good quality and high output
One of important measures；Total principle is：Careful apply carries seed manure, ingeniously applies and stretches climing fertilizer, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer.In the situation that base fertilizer is sufficient
Under, Seedling Stage is not applied typically and carries seed manure.If it was found that wilting seedling or stiff seedling, can be poured in every plant of the fine day afternoon 0.3% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse+
0.4% urea mixed solution 500ml, foliage-spray Nereid spirit bioenergizer (blade face type) 1000 times of liquid；Take out climing fertilizer should using nitrogenous fertilizer as
It is main, it is aided with potash fertilizer quick-acting fertilizer, promotes the nutrient growth of watermelon, pouring can be coordinated to apply Nereid's 300 times of liquid of clever bioenergizer, to protect
Demonstrate,prove the formation of the required flourishing root system of watermelon high yield and enough leaf areas；Quick-acting chemical fertilizer are imposed before fruit expanding period, are topdressed
Should be based on potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer, every mu imposes 18 kilograms of potassium sulfate type Controlled Release Fertilizer, is conducive to the formation of fruit yield and changing for quality
It is kind.Later stage carries out foliage application, can be sprayed once every 8 days with 0.2% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse solution, sprays 3 times altogether, improves fruit；Training
Keep down the vines of a creeping plant：Watermelon is typically using double climing or three climing trainings.Double climing trainings are selected and remain outside main stem, and select a stalwartness in main stem base portion
Lateral bine, remaining lateral bine all extract；So vines are reasonably distributed, blade ventilation and penetrating light, enhancing photosynthesis and resistance against diseases,
So as to increase output increased quality；Keep down the vines of a creeping plant, melon seedling can be fixed, prevent from being turned over by strong wind, control melon seedling growth.When melon seedling main stem
When growing to 29cm, melon seedling is made in order every strain by left and right directions, melon seedling is grown in the opposite direction.Keep down the vines of a creeping plant using bright pressure mode.
Bright pressure refers to be fixed on the ground melon is climing with soil block or branch etc.；Dark pressure be with shovel by soil shovel it is loose, clap, the climing pile things on of melon exists
Underground.Pressure for the first time, need to be pressed 3 times later pressures every 5 section once during general main stem 45cm；Artificial supplementary pollination：It is suitable to ensure
Save the female flower result of position, it is necessary to carry out artificial pollination；Stay fruit best with the female flower quality of main stem the 3rd, yield highest.Pollination is every
The 10 points of progress of its morning, when morning, watermelon were bloomed, just open male flower are first gathered from pollinated variety, petal is folded into the back of the body
Afterwards, expose stamen, gently smeared one week on the female chapiter of aspermous watermelon then opened on the day of, make its uniform pollination；Bear fruit and stay fruit：
When young fruit length to steamed bun size, fruit starts to expand rapidly, now general no longer shedding, to select that section position is good, fruit shape in time
A fruit is stayed in positive fruit, double climing or three climing every plant of trainings；Fruit is nursed：Bloom and bear fruit and fruit development stage in watermelon, meticulously
Nursing fruit is also the key link for improving the yield of watermelon and quality.The measure of nursing has shield melon, pads melon, turn over melon, perpendicular melon, shine melon
With lid melon etc..Stand cultivation, nylon net bag potyvirus is used in 0.5kg, with anti-fall melon；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Burnt it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time, lime disinfection is used in sick cave, early stage can pour 50% in root
500-1000 times of liquid preventing and treating of ambam, using decomposed manure and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.Handed over during 5-7 month watermelon growings every 8 days
It is old to small ground for using 70% thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid, 25% carbendazim, 600 times of liquid, 50% zineb, 1000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings
The subterranean pest-insects such as tiger, melon maggot, aulacophora femoralis use cultivated many rake elimination worm's ovums more than early spring, moth elimination adult are lured with sweet and sour, with 90% enemy
Hundred 900 times of worm liquid pour root or add a small amount of water to mix fresh grass, stir the cake fertilizer trapping of perfume.Red spider, Liriomyza spray 50% emamectin benzoate 2500
The preventing and treating of times liquid.
Embodiments of the invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, it is every to utilize this hair
The equivalent transformation that bright description is made, or other related technical fields are directly or indirectly used in, similarly it is included in
In the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of implantation methods of watermelon, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, seed selection：The selection kind that low temperature resistant, prematureness is good, disease resistance is strong；
B, presoaking and germinating：Wash kind：Wash the protective layer of the surface of the seed by rubbing with the hands, soak seed：With 55 DEG C-60 DEG C of water logging kind, seed soaking 6-8
Hour, kind of drying in the air：Spread vernalization after drying in the air in the cool 30 minutes out on wet gauze；Vernalization：Vernalization under 30-32 DEG C of constant temperature, works as radicle
It can be sowed when length is to 0.5 centimetre；
C, site preparation and preparing nursery bed：Select deep loosing soil, soil layer, fertile soil, the plot that drainage is good, illumination is sufficient, winter
Season deep ploughing, plough, surrounding begins to rehearse ditch, furrow are done according to 1.5 meters of spacing, every mu of 2500 ~ 3000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manure of application,
40 ~ 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer is affixed by, 20 ~ 25 kilograms of balanced type composite fertilizer, 2 kilograms of borax, 1 kilogram of zinc fertilizer coordinates and applies Nereid's spirit life
Thing stimulant, and melon ridge is made into, covering with plastic film waits sowing or transplanted；
D, nursery and transplanting：Using warmhouse booth cultivation or vinyl house multilayer-covering cultivation, educated in late December ~ mid-January
Seedling, is transplanted, seedling age 40 ~ 45 days in early Febuary-early March, and the heart of -4 leaf of 3 leaf of melon seedling 1 is transplanted, and opens cave by spacing in the rows 50-60cm, often
Cave is colonized one plant, and every mu is transplanted 700 ~ 800, and field planting water is irrigated after transplanting；
E, field management：Water management：Whole growth period waters 4 ~ 5 times, watermelon stretch it is climing after, pour once " taking out climing water ", young melon is long
To goose egg it is big when, poured swollen melon water, harvesting the last week stops watering；Fertilizing management：Seedling Stage finds wilting seedling or stiff seedling, every plant
Pour the urea mixed solution 500ml of 0.3% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse+0.4%, also can the clever 1000 times of liquid of bioenergizer of foliage-spray Nereid, take out climing
Fertilizer is aided with potash fertilizer quick-acting fertilizer based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and pouring can be coordinated to apply the clever 300 times of liquid of bioenergizer of Nereid, fruit expanding period it
Before impose quick-acting chemical fertilizer, topdress based on potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage carry out foliage application, with 0.2% phosphorus potassium resource storehouse solution every 7 ~ 10
It is sprayed once, is sprayed 2 ~ 3 times altogether；Training is kept down the vines of a creeping plant：Using double climing or three climing trainings, when melon seedling main stem grows to 30cm, by melon seedling
Made in order every strain by left and right directions, melon seedling is grown in the opposite direction, pressed during general 40 ~ 50cm of main stem for the first time, later every 4
~ 6 section pressures once, need to be pressed 2 ~ 3 times；Artificial supplementary pollination：Pollination is carried out in every morning 8 ~ 11 point；Bear fruit and stay fruit：Young fruit length is extremely
During steamed bun size, fruit starts to expand rapidly, and every plant is stayed a fruit；Fruit is nursed：Bloom and bear fruit and fruit development stage in watermelon,
Shield melon is carried out, melon is padded, turns over melon, perpendicular melon, the measure for shining melon and the nursing of lid melon；
F, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Burnt it was found that being pulled out during diseased plant, with the 400 times of sterilizations of lime or 50% ambam, early stage in sick cave
The 500-1000 times of liquid preventing and treating of 50% ambam is poured in root, using decomposed manure and increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer；During watermelon growing every
70% thiophanate, 1000 times of liquid, 500-700 times of liquid of 25% carbendazim, 50% zineb, 1000 times of liquid are used alternatingly within 7-10 days to spray and prevent
Control；Elimination worm's ovum is ploughed deeply using winter to subterranean pest-insect, lures moth to eliminate adult with sweet and sour, with 90% 800-1000 times of metrifonate
Liquid pours root or mixes fresh grass, stirs the cake fertilizer trapping of perfume；Red spider, Liriomyza spray 50% AVM, 2000-3000 times of emamectin benzoate
Liquid is prevented and treated.
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| CN108684482A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-23 | 广西中农富玉国际农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of capsicum tree |
| CN109463217A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-03-15 | 郭军 | Watermelon or muskmelon section fertilizer volume increase liquid fertilizer specially and fertilizing method |
| CN111512905A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-11 | 何模勇 | Watermelon planting method |
| CN111527850A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-14 | 台州市台农瓜业有限公司 | Fertilizer applying, disease preventing and cultivating method for greenhouse watermelon |
| CN112690179A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-04-23 | 张家港果匠新农人农业技术发展有限公司 | Greenhouse watermelon planting process |
| CN113854134A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-31 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Water and fertilizer integrated method for cultivating watermelons in gobi desert sunlight greenhouse |
| CN114586616A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-06-07 | 开封市蔬菜科学研究所 | Efficient multi-cropping cultivation method for watermelons and vegetables |
| CN114793782A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-29 | 慈溪市农业技术推广中心(慈溪市种子管理站) | Planting method for peanut and watermelon wheel seeds |
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| CN108684482A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-23 | 广西中农富玉国际农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of capsicum tree |
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| CN111527850A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-14 | 台州市台农瓜业有限公司 | Fertilizer applying, disease preventing and cultivating method for greenhouse watermelon |
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| CN112690179A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-04-23 | 张家港果匠新农人农业技术发展有限公司 | Greenhouse watermelon planting process |
| CN113854134A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-31 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Water and fertilizer integrated method for cultivating watermelons in gobi desert sunlight greenhouse |
| CN114793782A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-29 | 慈溪市农业技术推广中心(慈溪市种子管理站) | Planting method for peanut and watermelon wheel seeds |
| CN114586616A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-06-07 | 开封市蔬菜科学研究所 | Efficient multi-cropping cultivation method for watermelons and vegetables |
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