CN111512905A - Watermelon planting method - Google Patents
Watermelon planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111512905A CN111512905A CN202010383983.7A CN202010383983A CN111512905A CN 111512905 A CN111512905 A CN 111512905A CN 202010383983 A CN202010383983 A CN 202010383983A CN 111512905 A CN111512905 A CN 111512905A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a watermelon planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, constructing a planting area; s2 preparation of fertile soil; s3, preparing sowing soil after mixed planting; s4 shaping watermelon strain; s5 preparing a finished watermelon plant; s6 watermelon fruit setting; s7 screening watermelon product; the invention has the beneficial effects that: through the anti-pollution ditch and the alkalization treatment, the alkalization is accelerated, the leafy vegetables are planted, the biological matrix is supplemented, the pH is adjusted, and then the pesticide is alternately applied to prevent the pesticide from influencing the growth of the watermelon; calcium element is supplemented and the pH value is adjusted by utilizing quicklime and water flooding; the water flooding is adopted to remove grass seeds, reduce the fertilizer loss, wash salt and facilitate absorption; the mixed fertilizer is used, and film mulching cultivation is adopted, so that uniform fertilizer and continuous cropping of the watermelon are achieved; the uniform fertilizer is realized by utilizing the bactericide; fully treating watermelon plants by using alternate pesticide application; by recycling the defective melons, the uniform fertilizer and continuous cropping of the watermelons are realized; the yield is improved by using discontinuous fertilization; the fertilizer and water are mixed to increase nutrient elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fruit planting, in particular to a watermelon planting method.
Background
Watermelon (academia: Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) matsum. et Nakai) annual vine; thick stems and branches with obvious edges, thick tendrils, short and soft hairs, thick leaf stalks and dense and soft hairs; the leaf is paper, the outline is triangular oval, the leaf is white and green, the two sides are provided with short bristles, and the base of the leaf is heart-shaped. Because the pulp of the watermelon is sweet, the watermelon can be cooled and dispelled summer heat, and meanwhile, the seeds contain oil and can be used as recreation food; the pericarp is used as medicine, and has the effects of clearing heat, promoting urination and reducing blood pressure. The watermelon is planted in warm and dry climate, cold resistance, the optimum temperature for growth and development is 24-30 ℃, the optimum temperature for root system growth and development is 30-32 ℃, the lowest temperature for root hair generation is 14 ℃, the planting soil is loose in soil texture, deep in soil layer, the sandy soil with good drainage is optimal, and the total soil is subacidity.
The three-dimensional planting is a planting (breeding) mode which fully utilizes three-dimensional space, and a simple example is the combination of rice-duckweed-fish planting and breeding; in a broad sense, the three-dimensional planting can also be understood as an agricultural planting and breeding mode which fully utilizes various planting (breeding) conditions such as time, space and the like to realize high quality, high yield, high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection; the invention relates to a method for interplanting watermelons in a vineyard (application number: 201810198293.7), which discloses a method for interplanting watermelons in a vineyard, and comprises the following steps: selecting land with flat terrain, good drainage and fertile soil, and ditching and ridging; planting grape seedlings and watermelon seedlings; pruning and pressing vines in the growing period of grapes and watermelons; hormone treatment is adopted before and after the flowering phase; performing daily field management; after the watermelon is harvested, the tendrils are removed in time to prevent the growth and harvesting of the grapes from being influenced. Although the planting time of grapes and watermelons is strictly controlled, the economic benefit of farmers is improved by utilizing interval planting, the grapes and watermelons are treated by hormones, and vines of the grapes need to be adjusted in real time during growth of the vines of the watermelons, so that the vines are prevented from staggering, and the grapes or the watermelons grow atrociously, manual careful control is needed, and the labor cost is greatly increased although economic benefit is achieved; meanwhile, fertilizer application of grapes needs to avoid watermelon planting areas, so that various fertilizers need to be prepared, and the phenomenon of fertility waste is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a watermelon planting method so as to achieve the purposes of simple mixed planting, uniform fertilizer and continuous cropping of watermelons.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the watermelon planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting sandy soil with sunny and leeward side slopes, constructing anti-pollution ditches simultaneously, and constructing a planting area by taking three ditches uniformly distributed per mu as a reference;
s2, in the constructed planting area, according to the pH value of the soil, performing alkalization treatment, and performing fertilization treatment on the alkalized soil by taking the mixed fertilizer as a base fertilizer to obtain fertilized soil;
s3, planting leaf vegetables with short growth cycle on the fertile soil, picking the vegetables after the vegetables are mature, simultaneously burying the residual leaf diseased branches of the vegetables into planting holes formed after picking, turning over the soil planting holes after earthing and cultivating for 3-6d, and sowing the treated watermelon seeds to obtain sowing soil;
s4 applying fertilizer water on the sowing soil, and applying the pesticide according to the bactericide, the insecticide and the leaf fertilizer alternately in sequence when mature leaves grow out until the fruit forming stage to obtain formed watermelon plants;
s5, pruning and retaining fruits of the obtained molded watermelon plants to obtain finished watermelon plants;
s6, applying fertilizer intermittently to the obtained watermelon plant to obtain fruit-bearing watermelon plant;
s7 selecting ripe watermelon of more than 9 from the watermelon plants with fruit, and removing inferior watermelon to obtain the finished watermelon.
Preferably, in order to further realize the purpose of fertilizer uniformity, the alkalization treatment is to adopt quicklime, sow soil according to 25kg of quicklime per mu, after sowing is finished, introduce water into the anti-pollution ditch, after the soil is totally submerged, stand for 15d, then introduce water into the anti-pollution ditch again to submerge the soil, and stand for 15 d; the quicklime is used for treating the soil, and a water flooding mode is adopted, so that calcium elements in sandy soil can be supplemented by the quicklime, the effect of bonding the sandy soil is achieved, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, the pH value of the soil is increased, bacteria are dehydrated and killed by alkalinity, and a certain sterilization effect is achieved; and moreover, by adopting a water flooding mode, Chinese herbal seeds in the soil can be flooded to be anoxic and lethal, the loss of the fertilizer is reduced, meanwhile, the salt content of the soil can be washed, the diffusion of alkaline ions in the quicklime can be accelerated, and the fertilizer is conveniently absorbed by plants.
Preferably, in order to further realize the purposes of fertilizer uniformity and watermelon continuous cropping, the fertilizing treatment is,
(1) mixing farmyard manure, a biological organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer according to the standard that the farmyard manure is applied for 2-5t per mu, the biological organic fertilizer is applied for 0.5-1.5t per mu and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 0.025-0.05t per mu to form a mixed fertilizer;
(2) the obtained mixed fertilizer is applied according to the dosage of 0.5t per mu and deeply ploughed at the depth of 5cm to obtain mixed soil;
(3) carrying out film mulching cultivation on the mixed soil for 3d to obtain the fertilized soil; the mixed fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, a bio-organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer, the proportion and the application amount of each fertilizer are limited simultaneously, and then nutrient substances of each fertilizer uniformly enter soil, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is cultivated by adopting a film covering, so that beneficial bacteria in the soil are propagated in large quantities on the basis of taking the fertilizer as a raw material, and then the nutrient substances of the mixed fertilizer are fully diffused into the soil by taking the propagated beneficial bacteria as carriers, and the purpose of uniform fertilizer is achieved, and the purpose of continuous cropping of watermelons can be further realized by planting the watermelons.
Preferably, in order to further achieve the purpose of fertilizer uniformity, the base fertilizer comprises a mixed fertilizer and 500g of bactericide which is applied per kilogram of the mixed fertilizer; the bactericide is utilized to fully kill harmful substances in the soil, so that beneficial bacteria in the soil can conveniently propagate in an expanded way by taking the fertilizer as a propagation basis, and the aim of homogenizing the fertilizer is further fulfilled.
Preferably, in order to further realize the purposes of no toxicity and no harm and health, the alternate application is to select one or more of a low-toxicity pesticide, a micro-toxicity pesticide and a biological pesticide as a bactericide, select one of the low-toxicity pesticide, the micro-toxicity pesticide and the biological pesticide as an insecticide, select one or more of foliar fertilizers containing the low-toxicity pesticide, the micro-toxicity pesticide and the biological pesticide as a foliar fertilizer, and apply the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer in sequence according to the circulation of the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer, wherein the application interval time is more than seven days; by using an alternative pesticide application mode, low-toxicity pesticide, slightly-toxic pesticide and biological pesticide are selected, so that the watermelon plants can be fully treated under the condition of circularly applying the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer.
Preferably, in order to further realize uniform fertilizer and continuous cropping of watermelons, the pruning and fruit retention is that the fruit retention is realized by adopting an artificial or bee pollination mode, the standard of pruning three vines, fruit retention more than 15 knots of main branches and fruit retention of each plant is adopted, redundant residual fruits, diseased fruits and weak fruits are removed, the removed residual fruits, diseased fruits, weak fruits and the pruned residual branch diseased branches are dried and ground into powder, and the obtained powder is used as a raw material of a biological organic fertilizer; the waste fruits or waste branches are removed and used as the raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the waste fruits or waste branches are recycled, sufficient biomass is provided, the purpose of uniform fertilizer is achieved, and the purpose of continuous cropping of watermelons is achieved.
Preferably, in order to further improve the yield of the fruits, the intermittent fertilization is to perform the first fertilization by using fertilizer water when the fruit setting rate of the first watermelon is over 90 percent, and perform the second fertilization after 30d intervals; when the fruit setting rate of the second batch of watermelons is over 90 percent, flushing and applying the second batch of watermelons for the first time by using fertilizer water, and flushing and applying the second batch of watermelons at intervals of 10 days in the morning; the two batches of watermelons are separated by using a discontinuous fertilization mode, meanwhile, on the basis of fertilization of the first batch of watermelons, the interval time of the second fertilization is shortened, the problem of excessive maturity of watermelons caused by excessive nutrition of the fertilizer is fully considered, the production of defective watermelons is reduced, and the yield of fruits is improved.
Preferably, in order to further achieve the purpose of fertilizer uniformity, the fertilizer water comprises 5kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, 1kg of high-potassium type flush fertilizer per mu and 5kg of biological organic fertilizer per mu; the biological organic fertilizer is selected from one or more than one of seaweed fertilizer or chitin; the fertilizer water of the ternary compound fertilizer, the bio-organic fertilizer and the high-potassium water flush fertilizer is mixed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is limited to be selected from one or more than one of seaweed fertilizer or chitin, so that the fertilizer water is utilized to satisfy the growth of watermelon plants, and various nutrient elements in the fertilizer water can be increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the constructed anti-pollution ditch is matched with alkalization treatment to accelerate the alkalization speed, leaf vegetables with short growth period are planted on the soil after the mixed fertilizer is fertilized and alkalized, the residual branch diseased leaves of the leaf vegetables are used as a biological matrix supplement source before watermelon planting, the pH value of the soil after the alkalization can be adjusted to be suitable for the planting of the watermelons, the mode of alternative pesticide application is adopted to prevent the situation that the drug properties of different bactericides, insecticides and foliar fertilizer are mutually restricted to influence the growth of watermelon seedlings, the mode of intermittent fertilizer application is adopted to prevent the fruit atrophy of watermelons in different batches caused by overnutrition, the fertilizer is saved, and the purpose of simple mixed planting is realized.
2. The quicklime is used for treating the soil, and a water flooding mode is adopted, so that calcium elements in sandy soil can be supplemented by the quicklime, the effect of bonding the sandy soil is achieved, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, the pH value of the soil is increased, bacteria are dehydrated and killed by alkalinity, and a certain sterilization effect is achieved; and moreover, by adopting a water flooding mode, Chinese herbal seeds in the soil can be flooded to be anoxic and lethal, the loss of the fertilizer is reduced, meanwhile, the salt content of the soil can be washed, the diffusion of alkaline ions in the quicklime can be accelerated, and the fertilizer is conveniently absorbed by plants.
3. The mixed fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, a bio-organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer, the proportion and the application amount of each fertilizer are limited simultaneously, and then nutrient substances of each fertilizer uniformly enter soil, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is cultivated by adopting a film covering, so that beneficial bacteria in the soil are propagated in large quantities on the basis of taking the fertilizer as a raw material, and then the nutrient substances of the mixed fertilizer are fully diffused into the soil by taking the propagated beneficial bacteria as carriers, and the purpose of uniform fertilizer is achieved, and the purpose of continuous cropping of watermelons can be further realized by planting the watermelons.
4. The bactericide is utilized to fully kill harmful substances in the soil, so that beneficial bacteria in the soil can conveniently propagate in an expanded way by taking the fertilizer as a propagation basis, and the aim of homogenizing the fertilizer is further fulfilled.
5. By using an alternative pesticide application mode, low-toxicity pesticide, slightly-toxic pesticide and biological pesticide are selected, so that the watermelon plants can be fully treated under the condition of circularly applying the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer.
6. The waste fruits or waste branches after being removed are utilized as the raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the waste fruits or waste branches are fully utilized, sufficient biomass is provided, and the purpose of uniform fertilizer is achieved while the continuous cropping of the watermelons is achieved.
7. The two batches of watermelons are separated by using a discontinuous fertilization mode, meanwhile, on the basis of fertilization of the first batch of watermelons, the interval time of the second fertilization is shortened, the problem of excessive maturity of watermelons caused by excessive nutrition of the fertilizer is fully considered, the production of defective watermelons is reduced, and the yield of fruits is improved.
8. The fertilizer water of the ternary compound fertilizer, the bio-organic fertilizer and the high-potassium water flush fertilizer is mixed, and the bio-organic fertilizer is limited to be selected from one or more than one of seaweed fertilizer or chitin, so that the fertilizer water is utilized to satisfy the growth of watermelon plants, and various nutrient elements in the fertilizer water can be increased.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
The quick lime is agricultural quick lime;
the biological organic fertilizer is a mixed biological organic fertilizer prepared by mixing an organic fertilizer raw material ground by biological waste materials after pruning and fruit retention and a seaweed fertilizer or a chitin biological organic fertilizer of Jianxu organisms according to a ratio of 2: 1;
the ternary mixed fertilizer is a Dali high tower nitro compound fertilizer of Guangxi Liuzhou chemical industry;
the high-potassium water flush fertilizer is a high-potassium calcium magnesium fruit-shaped water soluble fertilizer of Jiabainong biotechnology limited Qingdao;
the mulching cultivation adopts ground mulching of a ceiling film;
the leaf vegetables with short growth cycle are one or more of sprouting vegetables, pakchoi, water spinach or leaf lettuce;
the low-toxicity bactericide is iprodione of a procymidone bactericide for tomato gray mold and leaf mold;
the micro-toxic bactericide is 80% mancozeb bactericide pesticide wettable powder with the mass fraction of being selected by Dafengshou and creatively;
the biological bactericide adopts lentinan plant pesticide bactericide of Sapu' baicao;
the low-toxicity insecticide adopts an imidacloprid insecticide which is 20 percent of the bengal weight percentage in Jiale;
the slightly toxic insecticide adopts bifenthrin acetamiprid in Jiajiaxian;
the biological bactericide adopts 0.5 percent of matrine in mass fraction of the three-pump Chinese herbaceous plant;
the low-toxicity leaf fertilizer adopts metalaxyl doped with 20% of Tripterospermum chinense in mass fraction and 80% of monopotassium phosphate of Dewoduo fertilizer;
the micro-toxicity foliar fertilizer is doped with the ferrous sulfate of the drunken flowers;
the biological foliar fertilizer adopts a microbial fertilizer organic fertilizer of the Ding goat
Example 1
The watermelon planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting sandy soil with sunny and leeward side slopes, constructing anti-pollution ditches simultaneously, and constructing a planting area by taking three ditches uniformly distributed per mu as a reference;
s2, in the constructed planting area, according to the pH value of the soil, performing alkalization treatment, and performing fertilization treatment on the alkalized soil by taking the mixed fertilizer as a base fertilizer to obtain fertilized soil; the alkalization treatment is to adopt quicklime, sow soil according to 25kg per mu of quicklime, after sowing is finished, introduce water into the anti-pollution ditch, after the soil is totally submerged, stand for 15d, then introduce water into the anti-pollution ditch again to submerge the soil, and stand for 15 d; the quicklime is used for treating the soil, and a water flooding mode is adopted, so that calcium elements in sandy soil can be supplemented by the quicklime, the effect of bonding the sandy soil is achieved, the pH value of the soil is adjusted, the pH value of the soil is increased, bacteria are dehydrated and killed by alkalinity, and a certain sterilization effect is achieved; moreover, by adopting a water flooding mode, Chinese herbal seeds in the soil can be submerged and anoxic and killed, the loss of the fertilizer is reduced, meanwhile, the salt content of the soil can be washed, the diffusion of alkaline ions in the quicklime can be accelerated, and the fertilizer is conveniently absorbed by plants; the fertilizer treatment comprises the following steps of,
(1) mixing farmyard manure, a biological organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer according to the standard that the farmyard manure is applied for 3t per mu, the biological organic fertilizer is applied for 1.0t per mu and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 0.04t per mu to form a mixed fertilizer;
(2) the obtained mixed fertilizer is applied according to the dosage of 0.5t per mu and deeply ploughed at the depth of 5cm to obtain mixed soil;
(3) carrying out film mulching cultivation on the mixed soil for 3d to obtain the fertilized soil; the method comprises the following steps of utilizing mixed fertilizers comprising farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer, simultaneously limiting the proportion and application amount of each fertilizer, further enabling nutrient substances of each fertilizer to uniformly enter soil, simultaneously adopting film-covering cultivation to enable beneficial bacteria in the soil to propagate in large quantities on the basis of taking the fertilizer as a raw material, further enabling the nutrient substances of the mixed fertilizers to fully diffuse into the soil by taking the propagated beneficial bacteria as carriers, and achieving the purpose of uniform fertilizer; the base fertilizer comprises a mixed fertilizer and 400g of bactericide applied to each kilogram of the mixed fertilizer; the bactericide is utilized to fully kill harmful substances in the soil, so that beneficial bacteria in the soil can be conveniently propagated in an expanded way by taking the fertilizer as a propagation basis, and the aim of homogenizing the fertilizer is further fulfilled;
s3, planting sprouting vegetables and pakchoi with short growth cycle on the fertilized soil according to the planting area 2:1, picking up vegetables after the vegetables are mature, meanwhile, burying the residual leaf diseased branches of the vegetables into planting holes formed after picking, turning over soil for 5d after earthing cultivation, and sowing the treated watermelon seeds to obtain sowing soil;
s4 applying fertilizer water on the sowing soil, and applying the pesticide according to the bactericide, the insecticide and the leaf fertilizer alternately in sequence when mature leaves grow out until the fruit forming stage to obtain formed watermelon plants; the alternate pesticide application comprises the steps of selecting a biological bactericide as the bactericide, selecting a micro-toxic bactericide as the insecticide, selecting a biological foliar fertilizer as the foliar fertilizer, and circularly applying the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer according to the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer in sequence, wherein the application interval time is more than seven days; by utilizing an alternative pesticide application mode, low-toxicity pesticide, slightly-toxic pesticide and biological pesticide are selected, so that the watermelon plants can be fully treated under the condition of circularly applying the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer; the fertilizer water comprises 5kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, 1kg of high-potassium type flush fertilizer per mu and 5kg of biological organic fertilizer per mu; the biological organic fertilizer is selected from one or more than one of seaweed fertilizer or chitin; mixing fertilizer water of a ternary compound fertilizer, a biological organic fertilizer and a high-potassium water flush fertilizer, and simultaneously limiting the biological organic fertilizer to select one or more than one of seaweed fertilizer or chitin, so that the fertilizer water can be used for increasing various nutrient elements in the fertilizer water while satisfying the growth of watermelon plants;
s5, pruning and retaining fruits of the obtained molded watermelon plants to obtain finished watermelon plants; the pruning and fruit retention is that the fruit retention is carried out by adopting an artificial or bee pollination mode, the three-vine pruning, fruit retention of more than 15 main branches and only one fruit per plant are taken as standards, redundant residual fruits, diseased fruits and weak fruits are removed, the removed residual fruits, diseased fruits and weak fruits and the pruned residual branch diseased branches are dried and ground into powder, and the obtained powder is used as the raw material of the biological organic fertilizer; the method has the advantages that the waste fruits or waste branches are removed and used as the raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the waste fruits or waste branches are recycled, sufficient biomass is provided, the purpose of uniform fertilizer is achieved, and continuous cropping of watermelons is achieved;
s6, applying fertilizer intermittently to the obtained watermelon plant to obtain fruit-bearing watermelon plant; the intermittent fertilization is that when the fruit setting rate of the first batch of watermelons is over 90 percent, the first time of fertilization is carried out by adopting fertilizer water, and the second time of fertilization is carried out after 30d intervals; when the fruit setting rate of the second batch of watermelons is over 90 percent, flushing and applying the second batch of watermelons for the first time by using fertilizer water, and flushing and applying the second batch of watermelons at intervals of 10 days in the morning; the two batches of watermelons are separated by using a discontinuous fertilization mode, meanwhile, on the basis of fertilization of the first batch of watermelons, the interval time of the second fertilization is shortened, the problem of excessive ripening of watermelons caused by excessive nutrition of the fertilizer is fully considered, the production of defective watermelons is reduced, and the yield of fruits is improved;
s7 selecting ripe watermelon of more than 9 from the watermelon plants with fruit, and removing inferior watermelon to obtain the finished watermelon.
Example 2
Mixing farmyard manure, a biological organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer according to the standard that the farmyard manure is applied for 2t per mu, the biological organic fertilizer is applied for 0.5t per mu and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 0.025t per mu to form a mixed fertilizer; the base fertilizer is corrected to comprise mixed fertilizer and 300g of bactericide applied to each kilogram of mixed fertilizer, meanwhile, the earthing cultivation time is 6d, water spinach is selected as leaf vegetables with short growth period, the bactericide is selected from low-toxicity bactericide, the insecticide is selected from low-toxicity bactericide, the foliar fertilizer is selected from foliar fertilizer containing micro-toxicity, and other formulas and steps are the same as those of example 1.
Example 3
Mixing farmyard manure, a biological organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer according to the standard that the farmyard manure is applied for 5t per mu, the biological organic fertilizer is applied for 1.5t per mu and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 0.05t per mu to form a mixed fertilizer; and the base fertilizer is corrected to comprise mixed fertilizer and 500g of bactericide applied to each kilogram of mixed fertilizer, meanwhile, the earthing cultivation time is 3d, water spinach is selected as leaf vegetables with short growth period, the bactericide is selected from slightly toxic bactericide, the insecticide is selected from biological insecticide, the foliar fertilizer is selected from low-toxicity foliar fertilizer, and other formulas and steps are the same as those in example 1.
Example 4
Mixing farmyard manure, a biological organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer according to the standard that the farmyard manure is applied for 5t per mu, the biological organic fertilizer is applied for 1.5t per mu and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 0.05t per mu to form a mixed fertilizer; the base fertilizer is corrected to comprise mixed fertilizer and 500g of bactericide applied to each kilogram of mixed fertilizer, meanwhile, the earthing cultivation time is 6d, leaf vegetables with short growth cycle are selected from leaf vegetables, and other formulas and steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
The watermelon is directly planted on the fertile soil without adopting a mixed planting mode, and the rest steps and the formula are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2
The method is the same as that of example 1 except that a mixed fertilizer is not adopted, a single biological organic fertilizer, a farmyard manure or a ternary compound fertilizer is adopted.
Comparative example 3
The method of alternative application is not adopted, the mixed application is adopted, and the rest formula and the steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 4
The residual fruits and diseased fruits which are pruned and remained fruits, weak fruits and residual leaves and diseased leaves after pruning are not used as raw materials of the recycled bio-organic fertilizer, and meanwhile, the residual leaves and diseased branches are not cultivated by covering soil, and the rest formula and the steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 5
The method is not alkaline treatment in a water flooding mode, the fertilized soil is directly prepared, and the rest steps and the formula are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 6
The method of discontinuous fertilization is not adopted, the same fertilization amount is directly adopted to carry out fruit setting and weight increasing on watermelons in different batches, and the rest formula and the steps are the same as those in the example 1.
For examples 1-6, the yield per mu and the yield of finished melons were measured, and the average weight of the watermelon produced in the same time was measured, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 watermelon condition table for each example and comparative example
As can be seen from Table 1, when the soil is alkalized by adopting a water flooding mode, the farmyard manure, the bio-organic fertilizer and the ternary compound fertilizer are mixed according to the standard that 3t of the farmyard manure is applied to each mu, 1.0t of the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to each mu and 0.04t of the ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, the base fertilizer comprises the mixed fertilizer and 400g of bactericide is applied to each kilogram of the mixed fertilizer, the planting mode that the sprouting vegetable and the pakchoi with short growth period are planted according to the planting area 2:1 is adopted, the alternative pesticide applying mode that the bactericide is selected from the bio-bactericide, the pesticide is selected from the micro-toxic bactericide and the foliar fertilizer is selected from the bio-foliar fertilizer is adopted, the acre-foliar fertilizer is adopted as the raw material for recycling, the residual fruits and the diseased fruits left in the whole branch, the weak fruits and the residual leaves after the whole branch are adopted as the biological fertilizer, and the intermittent fertilizing mode is adopted, the watermelon yield of 5.1t/, The yield is 97 percent, and the average melon weight is 6.1kg, which proves the superiority of the invention.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The watermelon planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting sandy soil with sunny and leeward side slopes, constructing anti-pollution ditches simultaneously, and constructing a planting area by taking three ditches uniformly distributed per mu as a reference;
s2, in the constructed planting area, according to the pH value of the soil, performing alkalization treatment, and performing fertilization treatment on the alkalized soil by taking the mixed fertilizer as a base fertilizer to obtain fertilized soil;
s3, planting leaf vegetables with short growth cycle on the fertile soil, picking the vegetables after the vegetables are mature, simultaneously burying the residual leaf diseased branches of the vegetables into planting holes formed after picking, turning over the soil planting holes after earthing and cultivating for 3-6d, and sowing the treated watermelon seeds to obtain sowing soil;
s4 applying fertilizer water on the sowing soil, and applying the pesticide according to the bactericide, the insecticide and the leaf fertilizer alternately in sequence when mature leaves grow out until the fruit forming stage to obtain formed watermelon plants;
s5, pruning and retaining fruits of the obtained molded watermelon plants to obtain finished watermelon plants;
s6, applying fertilizer intermittently to the obtained watermelon plant to obtain fruit-bearing watermelon plant;
s7 selecting ripe watermelon of more than 9 from the watermelon plants with fruit, and removing inferior watermelon to obtain the finished watermelon.
2. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alkalization treatment is to adopt quicklime to sow soil according to 25kg of quicklime per mu, after the sowing is finished, water is introduced into the anti-pollution ditch, after the soil is wholly submerged, the soil is kept still for 15d, then the water is introduced into the anti-pollution ditch again to submerge the soil, and the soil is kept still for 15 d.
3. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer treatment comprises the following steps of,
(1) mixing farmyard manure, a biological organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer according to the standard that the farmyard manure is applied for 2-5t per mu, the biological organic fertilizer is applied for 0.5-1.5t per mu and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 0.025-0.05t per mu to form a mixed fertilizer;
(2) the obtained mixed fertilizer is applied according to the dosage of 0.5t per mu and deeply ploughed at the depth of 5cm to obtain mixed soil;
(3) and (3) carrying out film mulching cultivation on the mixed soil for 3d to obtain the fertilized soil.
4. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer comprises mixed fertilizer and bactericide of which the amount is 500g and 300-.
5. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alternate pesticide application is that the bactericide is selected from one or more of low-toxicity pesticide, micro-toxicity pesticide and biological pesticide, the insecticide is selected from one of low-toxicity pesticide, micro-toxicity pesticide and biological pesticide, the foliar fertilizer is selected from one or more of foliar fertilizers containing low-toxicity pesticide, micro-toxicity pesticide and biological pesticide, the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer are circularly applied according to the bactericide, the insecticide and the foliar fertilizer in sequence, and the application interval time is more than seven days.
6. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pruning and fruit retention is realized by adopting an artificial or bee pollination mode, taking three-vine pruning, fruit retention of more than 15 main branches and only one fruit per plant as a standard, removing redundant residual fruits, diseased fruits and weak fruits, airing and grinding the removed residual fruits, diseased fruits and weak fruits and the pruned residual branch diseased branches into powder, and taking the obtained powder as a raw material of the biological organic fertilizer.
7. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the intermittent fertilization is that when the fruit setting rate of the first batch of watermelons is over 90 percent, the first time of fertilization is carried out by adopting fertilizer water, and the second time of fertilization is carried out after 30d intervals; and when the fruit setting rate of the second batch of watermelons is over 90 percent, flushing and applying the second batch of watermelons for the first time by using fertilizer water, and flushing and applying the second batch of watermelons at the morning time period of a fine day after 10 days.
8. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer water comprises 5kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, 1kg of high-potassium type flush fertilizer per mu and 5kg of biological organic fertilizer per mu.
9. The method for planting watermelons according to claim 8, wherein the following steps are performed: the biological organic fertilizer is one or more than one of seaweed fertilizer or chitin.
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