CN102657066A - Method of soil-less cultivation of tomato - Google Patents
Method of soil-less cultivation of tomato Download PDFInfo
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- CN102657066A CN102657066A CN2012101582886A CN201210158288A CN102657066A CN 102657066 A CN102657066 A CN 102657066A CN 2012101582886 A CN2012101582886 A CN 2012101582886A CN 201210158288 A CN201210158288 A CN 201210158288A CN 102657066 A CN102657066 A CN 102657066A
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 abstract 8
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002879 macerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- XYNPYHXGMWJBLV-VXPJTDKGSA-N Tomatidine Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CC[C@H](O)C[C@@H]4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C1)C)[C@@H]1C)[C@@]11CC[C@H](C)CN1 XYNPYHXGMWJBLV-VXPJTDKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- PWRIIDWSQYQFQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sisunine Natural products CC1CCC2(NC1)OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)OC7OC(CO)C(OC8OC(CO)C(O)C(OC9OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C9OC%10OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C%10O)C8O)C(O)C7O PWRIIDWSQYQFQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYNPYHXGMWJBLV-OFMODGJOSA-N tomatidine Natural products O[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@](C)([C@H]5[C@@H](C)[C@]6(O[C@H]5C4)NC[C@@H](C)CC6)CC3)CC2)CC1 XYNPYHXGMWJBLV-OFMODGJOSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technology of soil-less cultivation of crops, belongs to the facility agricultural production field and particularly relates to a method of soil-less cultivation of tomato. The method includes the following steps: building a cultivation bed on a selected land and building a supporting water and nutrition solution supply system which is matched with the cultivation bed; taking pond sludge, animal wastes and crop straws which are generally discarded in rural areas as the raw material to prepare an eutrophic, excellent and inexpensive production culture medium through the fermentation of EM (Effective Micoorganisms) beneficial bacteria; and preparing production nutrition solution used for supplying the tomato with the nutrients necessary for the growths of the tomato at different stages. The invention further provides a tomato seedling field planting method and a method for managing the field planted tomato seedling. Through the application of the method in the production and planting of tomatoes, the investment is less, the production process is easy, the cost is low, fertilizer, water and labor can be saved, and the products are of superior quality and high yield. The method of soil-less cultivation of tomato is a simple soil-less cultivation method which realizes the combination of organic agriculture and inorganic agriculture in the production and planting of tomatoes and is high in yield and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crops cultivation technique without soil, belong to the industrialized agriculture production field, be specifically related to a kind of method of tomato soilless culture.
Background technology
Traditional tomato is in the process of plantation, because plantation year after year, continuous cropping obstacle is big especially, causes taking place a lot of diseases, for prevention and elimination of disease and pests has to spray a large amount of agricultural chemicals; In addition; Because traditional tomato planting method is used chemical fertilizer for a long time; Hardened in the plot of plantation tomato, the degradation reason causes the output of tomato seriously to glide under the fertility, even more serious is because use a large amount of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals makes the quality of tomato have not a particle of guarantee.Simultaneously, traditional tomato production its in production management process, also have loaded down with trivial details, the amount of labour used is big, production efficiency is low, cost is high, characteristics such as of poor benefits.
Along with agrotechnical research and development are constantly upgraded, on traditional tomato planting basis, adopted the soilless culture pattern of various ways, the pattern that is applied to the tomato soilless culture at present mainly contains: water planting, substrate culture etc.
Tomato water planting pattern is meant the tomato seedling is colonizated in the full-valence nutrition liquor that this planting type need make up cultivation bed (groove), and the infrastructure input is bigger; And production management requires very strict; Should get hold of EC value, the pH value of nutrient solution, also will give the oxygen supply of tomato tomato, in good time if the oxygen supply improper measures; Can influence root system respiration, cause the rotten seedling till death of root system when serious; Technical strong, the specialty requirement height of water planting tomato needs relevant facilities and equipment come control and management, and nursing cost is high.This cultivation mode only limits to be used for scientific experiment at present, has some sightseeing gardens, science and technology demonstration district to plant on a small quantity at present, is difficult to penetration and promotion.
The substrate culture tomato is meant with matrix and replaces soil, and tomatidine is implanted in the matrix, supplies moisture and nutrient solution through the method for drip irrigation or trickle irrigation to tomato in process of production.Its technology of substrate culture tomato is the simplest, effect is best, is a kind of mode of promoting the most easily in the pattern in the present soilless culture.Traditional soilless culture pattern mainly be with various agricultural crop straws as matrix, the matrix quality for preparing is loose, is rich in organic matter, helps the root growth of tomato, the tomato tomato growth is swift and violent, output high yield, stable yields.But, need in the production management process to irritate to execute a large amount of water as its water retention property extreme difference of matrix with agricultural crop straw, not only take a lot of work but also consume energy when operating.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just provides the method for brand-new a kind of tomato soilless culture.Specifically comprise: build the cultivation bed in selected plot, and the foundation of corresponding cultivation bed is supplied water, the nutrient solution system; , go out production nutritious, that the thing favorable rates is honest and clean through EM beneficial bacterium fermenting process of preparing to use medium as raw material with the general abandoned agricultural crop straw in rural area, animal wastes, pond sludge etc.; Preparation is produced and is used to supply with the required nutrient of each vegetative stage of tomato with nutrient solution; Also comprise management method after tomato planting seedlings and the field planting etc. simultaneously.
Pond sludge of the present invention is under the waterflooding condition, to be decomposed a kind of organic manure that the system of macerating forms by anaerobion, is a kind of aseptic, fertile earth, and it is that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements are complete, available nutrient with imitate the organic manure that nutrient has concurrently late.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
1, a kind of method of tomato soilless culture; Comprise in the technical scheme: the method for construction of cultivation bed, the method for building up of water supply, nutrient solution system is produced preparation and application method with culture matrix; Produce preparation method, the management method after the tomato planting seedlings with nutrient solution.
2, a kind of method of tomato soilless culture, the method for construction of cultivation bed is following in the technical scheme:
(1) cultivation site requirements: illumination is sufficient, pollution-free source, drainage are good on every side;
(2) construction of cultivation bed: build length with the furrow type cultivation bed that the plot is complementary, width is about 1～1.2 meter at clean it up and on, build the edge of bed of high about 20～25cm on the furrow limit all around with fragment of brick by the plot of routine disinfection; Cultivate the aisle of staying 40～50cm between the bed for two; After the cultivation bed was built up, shop one deck was to prevent the disease infection in the soil and to avoid in management process the moisture that is discharged, the plastic film that nutrient solution runs off in bed.
3, a kind of method of tomato soilless culture, the method for building up of water supply, nutrient solution system is following in the technical scheme:
(1) lay droping irrigating pipe in the cultivation bed surface middle, every interval 30～50cm punches the weeper of the about 1～2mm of specification on the droping irrigating pipe at pipeline the right and left;
(2) droping irrigating pipe is connecting water pump, and through starting the water pump supply, water, nutrient solution are then supplied with the tomato seedling absorption that field planting is close at weeper two through droping irrigating pipe and from the weeper ejection when water supply, nutrient solution;
(3) establish tank in the edge of a field or the centre in cultivation place, water pump is placed in the tank.
4, a kind of method of tomato soilless culture, produce following in the technical scheme with the preparation and the application method of culture matrix:
(1) composition of raw material and proportioning: the solid EM preparation 0.6% of agricultural crop straw 50%, animal wastes 30%, pond sludge 19%, living bacteria count >=10,000,000,000/g, sucrose 0.4%, water are an amount of;
(2) preparation method and process: earlier sucrose is diluted to sucrose and is dissolved in the water fully, mix the EM preparation in water again and mix thoroughly and must produce with EM bacterium liquid with a small amount of clean water; With agricultural crop straw, animal wastes, pond sludge mix and stir mixed material, again mixed material is mixed with EM bacterium liquid, an amount of water with production once more and stirs, and be adjusted to 55～60% to the water content of mixed material; Then mixed material must be produced and used medium by routine fermentation back;
(3) medium application method: in the cultivation bed, after the layer of plastic film of shop, the production that has fermented is imposed in the cultivation bed the about 20～25cm of medium dispensing thickness with the medium shop.
5, a kind of method of tomato soilless culture, produce following in the technical scheme with the preparation method of nutrient solution:
Raw material and proportioning that (1) 1000 liter of nutrient solution is formed: 1000 liters of nitrate of lime 886 grams, potassium nitrate 552 grams, superphosphate 130 grams, sulfuric acid 78 grams, iron sulfate 14 grams, manganese sulphate 2 grams, borax 1.7 grams, zinc sulphate 0.8 gram, copper sulphate 0.6 gram, water;
(2) compound method: will sell sour calcium earlier, superphosphate is dissolved in 40 premium on currency; Potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid, iron sulfate, magnesium sulfate also dissolve with 40 premium on currency; Again with 20 premium on currency dissolvings manganese sulphate, borax, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, more than various trace element dissolvings mix into nutritious mother liquid after good; During application, above-mentioned nutritious mother liquid is positioned in the tank, adds 900 premium on currency then, again with an amount of phosphoric acid the pH value of nutrient solution transfer to 6.5 produce and to use nutrient solution.
6, a kind of method of tomato soilless culture, the management method in the technical scheme after tomato planting seedlings and the field planting is following:
(1) seedling is selected: selecting seedling age is 25～30 days, the tomato seedling of no damage by disease and insect, tomato stalwartness;
(2) planting seedlings: each cultivates bed field planting two row, the about 30～35cm of spacing in the rows, the about 80～100cm of line-spacing, and every capable tomato along about 8～10cm, starts water system water supply pouring field planting water apart from the cultivation bedside immediately after the planting seedlings;
(3) dispensing moisture content: supply with moisture according to the needs that grow of tomato seedling, start water pump during water supply, each water supply time about 20～25 seconds;
(4) dispensing nutrient solution: each vegetative stage demand according to tomato seedling tomato is supplied with and nutrient solution; At tank nutrient solution is prepared; Start water pump then and nutrient solution is supplied with the tomato seedling through droping irrigating pipe absorb, start water pump at every turn and supply 15～20 seconds of nutrient solution;
(5) final-period management: the tomato seedling begin to bloom bear fruit after, carry out flower and fruit protecting by conventional method, water supply is adjusted into to irritate every day executes 1～2 time, irritated in per 7～10 days and to execute one time of nutrition liquid; According to said method manage until tamato fruit and gather and the end of whole fruit harvesting process.
The existing following advantage of the present invention:
1, method technology proposed by the invention is simple, easy to be implemented.
2, it is extensive, cheap to produce the raw material sources of forming with culture matrix during embodiment of the present invention; Trans-utilization general outcast agricultural crop straw and animal wastes in the rural area have in a large number simultaneously prolonged industrial chain, make the multistage increment of agricultural resources, increase the industry added value, increase farmers' income.
3, the pond sludge of using during embodiment of the present invention is under the waterflooding condition, to be decomposed a kind of organic manure that the system of macerating forms by anaerobion; Be a kind of aseptic, fertile earth; It is that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements are complete, available nutrient with imitate the organic manure that nutrient has concurrently late; The application of pond sludge not only makes the fertilizer efficiency of culture matrix better, and simultaneously the pond sludge water retention property is good, need not in the production management process to irritate to execute too many water.
4, pass through embodiment of the present invention; Water, nutrient solution that the tomato growth process is absorbed are to be transported to plant roots by droping irrigating pipe; Spread one deck plastic foil in the cultivation bed, moisture, the nutrient solution effectively avoiding using run off, and inculcate how much moisture, nutrient solution; Tomato can absorb basically, and water and fertilizer utilization is very high.
5, through embodiment of the present invention, just fertilizer is prepared into nutrient solution in tank when applying fertilizer, is transported to plant roots through droping irrigating pipe then to tomato.Fertilising efficient is: one starts water system, and nutrient solution only needs just be all on board several seconds, has realized that fertilising is both concentrated, saves time again and saves trouble.And traditional fertilizing method is respectively each strain tomato to be applied fertilizer one by one, time-consuming effort again.
6, pass through embodiment of the present invention; Agricultural crop straw and animal wastes, the pond sludge that is rich in various nutrient elements is through the noxious bacteria that utilizes the fermentation of EM beneficial bacterium not only can remove effectively later to contain the material the inside and worm's ovum etc., and is transformed into culture matrix nutritious, that the thing favorable rates is honest and clean; This matrix not only quality is loose, and gas permeability is very good, helps plant and takes root; And its water retention property is very good, and the root system of tomato is very flourishing, and the just more favourable tomato of flourishing root system absorbs nutrient; Promote that tomato plant strain growth is healthy and strong, the result is many, ensured the output stable high yield of tomato.
7, through embodiment of the present invention, tomato growth is healthy and strong, and damage by disease and insect takes place few, has reduced the pollution of chemical pesticide, and the clean health of product, quality better have obtained better economic and social benefit.
8, through embodiment of the present invention, under the condition of soilless culture, high yield, high-quality tomato also can be planted out in the area that soil condition is poor again or other places that some are idle.
9, enforcement of the present invention, produce the plantation tomato have small investment, easy to operate, cost is low, provinces is fertile, water-saving, laborsaving and distinguishing features such as realization product high-quality, high yield; Realize organic high benefit that combines with inorganic agriculture, simple and easy cultivation technique without soil cheaply when being the plantation of a kind of tomato production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment method of the present invention is further specified.
A kind of method of tomato soilless culture, embodiment is following:
1, the method for construction of cultivation bed:
(1) cultivation site requirements: illumination is sufficient, pollution-free source, drainage are good on every side;
(2) construction of cultivation bed: build length with the furrow type cultivation bed that the plot is complementary, width is about 1～1.2 meter at clean it up and on, build the edge of bed of high about 20～25cm on the furrow limit all around with fragment of brick by the plot of routine disinfection; Cultivate the aisle of staying 40～50cm between the bed for two; After the cultivation bed was built up, shop one deck was to prevent the disease infection in the soil and to avoid in management process the moisture that is discharged, the plastic film that nutrient solution runs off in bed.
The method for building up of 2, water supply, nutrient solution system:
(1) lay droping irrigating pipe in the cultivation bed surface middle, every interval 30～50cm punches the weeper of the about 1～2mm of specification on the droping irrigating pipe at pipeline the right and left;
(2) droping irrigating pipe is connecting water pump, and through starting the water pump supply, water, nutrient solution are then supplied with the tomato seedling absorption that field planting is close at weeper two through droping irrigating pipe and from the weeper ejection when water supply, nutrient solution;
(3) establish tank in the edge of a field or the centre in cultivation place, water pump is placed in the tank.
3, produce preparation and application method with culture matrix:
(1) composition of raw material and proportioning: the solid EM preparation 0.6% of agricultural crop straw 50%, animal wastes 30%, pond sludge 19%, living bacteria count >=10,000,000,000/g, sucrose 0.4%, water are an amount of;
(2) preparation method and process: earlier sucrose is diluted to sucrose and is dissolved in the water fully, mix the EM preparation in water again and mix thoroughly and must produce with EM bacterium liquid with a small amount of clean water; With agricultural crop straw, animal wastes, pond sludge mix and stir mixed material, again mixed material is mixed with EM bacterium liquid, an amount of water with production once more and stirs, and be adjusted to 55～60% to the water content of mixed material; Then mixed material must be produced and used medium by routine fermentation back;
(3) medium application method: in the cultivation bed, after the layer of plastic film of shop, the production that has fermented is imposed in the cultivation bed the about 20～25cm of medium dispensing thickness with the medium shop.
4, produce preparation method with nutrient solution:
Raw material and proportioning that (1) 1000 liter of nutrient solution is formed: 1000 liters of nitrate of lime 886 grams, potassium nitrate 552 grams, superphosphate 130 grams, sulfuric acid 78 grams, iron sulfate 14 grams, manganese sulphate 2 grams, borax 1.7 grams, zinc sulphate 0.8 gram, copper sulphate 0.6 gram, water;
(2) compound method: will sell sour calcium earlier, superphosphate is dissolved in 40 premium on currency; Potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid, iron sulfate, magnesium sulfate also dissolve with 40 premium on currency; Again with 20 premium on currency dissolvings manganese sulphate, borax, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, more than various trace element dissolvings mix into nutritious mother liquid after good; During application, above-mentioned nutritious mother liquid is positioned in the tank, adds 900 premium on currency then, again with an amount of phosphoric acid the pH value of nutrient solution transfer to 6.5 produce and to use nutrient solution.
5, the management method after tomato planting seedlings and the field planting:
(1) seedling is selected: selecting seedling age is 25～30 days, the tomato seedling of no damage by disease and insect, tomato stalwartness;
(2) planting seedlings: each cultivates bed field planting two row, the about 30～35cm of spacing in the rows, the about 80～100cm of line-spacing, and every capable tomato along about 8～10cm, starts water system water supply pouring field planting water apart from the cultivation bedside immediately after the planting seedlings;
(3) dispensing moisture content: supply with moisture according to the needs that grow of tomato seedling, start water pump during water supply, each water supply time about 20～25 seconds;
(4) dispensing nutrient solution: each vegetative stage demand according to tomato seedling tomato is supplied with and nutrient solution; At tank nutrient solution is prepared; Start water pump then and nutrient solution is supplied with the tomato seedling through droping irrigating pipe absorb, start water pump at every turn and supply 15～20 seconds of nutrient solution;
(5) final-period management: the tomato seedling begin to bloom bear fruit after, carry out flower and fruit protecting by conventional method, water supply is adjusted into to irritate every day executes 1～2 time, irritated in per 7～10 days and to execute one time of nutrition liquid; According to said method manage until tamato fruit and gather and the end of whole fruit harvesting process.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a tomato soilless culture; Its characteristic comprises: the method for construction of cultivation bed, and the method for building up of water supply, nutrient solution system is produced preparation and application method with culture matrix; Produce preparation method, the management method after tomato planting seedlings and the field planting with nutrient solution.
2. according to the method for a kind of tomato soilless culture described in the claim 1, the method for construction that it is characterized in that cultivating bed is following:
(1) cultivation site requirements: illumination is sufficient, pollution-free source, drainage are good on every side;
(2) construction of cultivation bed: build length with the furrow type cultivation bed that the plot is complementary, width is about 1～1.2 meter at clean it up and on, build the edge of bed of high about 20～25cm on the furrow limit all around with fragment of brick by the plot of routine disinfection; Cultivate the aisle of staying 40～50cm between the bed for two; After the cultivation bed was built up, shop one deck was to prevent the disease infection in the soil and to avoid in management process the moisture that is discharged, the plastic film that nutrient solution runs off in bed.
3. the method for a kind of tomato soilless culture according to claim 1 is characterized in that supplying water, the method for building up of nutrient solution system is following:
(1) lay droping irrigating pipe in the cultivation bed surface middle, every interval 30～50cm punches the weeper of the about 1～2mm of specification on the droping irrigating pipe at pipeline the right and left;
(2) droping irrigating pipe is connecting water pump, and through starting the water pump supply, water, nutrient solution are then supplied with the tomato seedling absorption that field planting is close at weeper two through droping irrigating pipe and from the weeper ejection when water supply, nutrient solution;
(3) establish tank in the edge of a field or the centre in cultivation place, water pump is placed in the tank.
4. according to the method for a kind of tomato soilless culture described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that preparation and the application method produced with culture matrix are following:
(1) composition of raw material and proportioning: the solid EM preparation 0.6% of agricultural crop straw 50%, animal wastes 30%, pond sludge 19%, living bacteria count >=10,000,000,000/g, sucrose 0.4%, water are an amount of;
(2) preparation method and process: earlier sucrose is diluted to sucrose and is dissolved in the water fully, mix the EM preparation in water again and mix thoroughly and must produce with EM bacterium liquid with a small amount of clean water; With agricultural crop straw, animal wastes, pond sludge mix and stir mixed material, again mixed material is mixed with EM bacterium liquid, an amount of water with production once more and stirs, and be adjusted to 55～60% to the water content of mixed material; Then mixed material must be produced and used medium by routine fermentation back;
(3) medium application method: in the cultivation bed, after the layer of plastic film of shop, the production that has fermented is imposed in the cultivation bed the about 20～25cm of medium dispensing thickness with the medium shop.
5. according to the method for a kind of tomato soilless culture described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation method who produces with nutrient solution is following:
Raw material and proportioning that (1) 1000 liter of nutrient solution is formed: 1000 liters of nitrate of lime 886 grams, potassium nitrate 552 grams, superphosphate 130 grams, sulfuric acid 78 grams, iron sulfate 14 grams, manganese sulphate 2 grams, borax 1.7 grams, zinc sulphate 0.8 gram, copper sulphate 0.6 gram, water;
(2) compound method: will sell sour calcium earlier, superphosphate is dissolved in 40 premium on currency; Potassium nitrate, sulfuric acid, iron sulfate, magnesium sulfate also dissolve with 40 premium on currency; Again with 20 premium on currency dissolvings manganese sulphate, borax, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, more than various trace element dissolvings mix into nutritious mother liquid after good; During application, above-mentioned nutritious mother liquid is positioned in the tank, adds 900 premium on currency then, again with an amount of phosphoric acid the pH value of nutrient solution transfer to 6.5 produce and to use nutrient solution.
6. according to the method for a kind of tomato soilless culture described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that the management method after tomato planting seedlings and the field planting is following:
(1) seedling is selected: selecting seedling age is 25～30 days, the tomato seedling of no damage by disease and insect, robust plant;
(2) planting seedlings: each cultivates bed field planting two row, the about 30～35cm of spacing in the rows, the about 80～100cm of line-spacing, and every capable plant along about 8～10cm, starts water system water supply pouring field planting water apart from the cultivation bedside immediately after the planting seedlings;
(3) dispensing moisture content: supply with moisture according to the needs that grow of tomato seedling, start water pump during water supply, each water supply time about 20～25 seconds;
(4) dispensing nutrient solution: each vegetative stage demand according to tomato seedling plant is supplied with and nutrient solution; At tank nutrient solution is prepared; Start water pump then and nutrient solution is supplied with the tomato seedling through droping irrigating pipe absorb, start water pump at every turn and supply 15～20 seconds of nutrient solution;
(5) final-period management: the tomato seedling begin to bloom bear fruit after, carry out flower and fruit protecting by conventional method, water supply is adjusted into to irritate every day executes 1～2 time, irritated in per 7～10 days and to execute one time of nutrition liquid; According to said method manage until tamato fruit and gather and the end of whole fruit harvesting process.
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| CN103467152A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏鼎钰生态农业科技有限公司 | Soilless culture substrate of tomato |
| CN103626585A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Soilless tomato culture nutrient solution |
| CN103708529A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-04-09 | 山东鑫诚现代农业科技有限责任公司 | Composite substrate cultivation nutrient solution of tomato, rock wool and coco coir |
| CN103782887A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 凌爱秋 | Method for soilless culture of vegetables |
| CN103951476A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-07-30 | 黄福忠 | Method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by adopting tomato straws as main raw material |
| CN104106451A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-22 | 铜陵梧桐树农业发展有限公司 | Soilless vegetable cultivating method |
| CN104472332A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 吴中区金庭小美华家庭农场 | Mulching-film soilless cultivation method of wuta-tsai |
| CN104663377A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 黄岚 | Soilless culture method for chives |
| CN105191767A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-30 | 黄福忠 | Soilless culture method of pepper |
| CN105819935A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-08-03 | 句容市后白良种场 | Method for preparing tomato soilless culture substrate |
| CN105918091A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-07 | 佛山市聚成生化技术研发有限公司 | Aeroponic type water culture technology for black tomatoes |
| CN105993873A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 广州汇圣森丰农业科技发展有限公司 | Drip-irrigation substrate black tomato cultivation process |
| CN106900504A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-30 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | It is suitable to the soilless culture nutriment of tomato and coconut palm chaff matrix trains the cultural method of tomato |
| CN107637498A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-01-30 | 防城港市绿华源农林科技有限公司 | A kind of device of tomato soilless culture makes and cultural method |
| CN108925418A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-04 | 靖西市秀美边城农业科技有限公司 | A kind of soilless planting method of cherry tomato |
| CN109588229A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-09 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The cultural method of cherry and tomato and application |
| CN109699480A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-03 | 孔艳娥 | A kind of simplified soilless culture method of heliogreenhouse cherry and tomato |
| CN110583431A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-20 | 东营市菇健生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing tomato seedling substrate by utilizing hypsizigus marmoreus residues |
| CN111727845A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-10-02 | 东营职业学院 | Method for preparing vegetable seedling raising matrix and bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow padding |
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| CN103467152A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏鼎钰生态农业科技有限公司 | Soilless culture substrate of tomato |
| CN104663377A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-03 | 黄岚 | Soilless culture method for chives |
| CN103626585A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Soilless tomato culture nutrient solution |
| CN103626585B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-01-13 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Tomato soilless culture nutrient solution |
| CN103708529A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-04-09 | 山东鑫诚现代农业科技有限责任公司 | Composite substrate cultivation nutrient solution of tomato, rock wool and coco coir |
| CN103708529B (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2015-03-11 | 山东鑫诚现代农业科技有限责任公司 | Composite substrate cultivation nutrient solution of tomato, rock wool and coco coir |
| CN103782887A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-14 | 凌爱秋 | Method for soilless culture of vegetables |
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| CN104106451A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-10-22 | 铜陵梧桐树农业发展有限公司 | Soilless vegetable cultivating method |
| CN104472332A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-01 | 吴中区金庭小美华家庭农场 | Mulching-film soilless cultivation method of wuta-tsai |
| CN105191767A (en) * | 2015-09-06 | 2015-12-30 | 黄福忠 | Soilless culture method of pepper |
| CN105918091A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-09-07 | 佛山市聚成生化技术研发有限公司 | Aeroponic type water culture technology for black tomatoes |
| CN105993873A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 广州汇圣森丰农业科技发展有限公司 | Drip-irrigation substrate black tomato cultivation process |
| CN105819935A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-08-03 | 句容市后白良种场 | Method for preparing tomato soilless culture substrate |
| CN106900504A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-30 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | It is suitable to the soilless culture nutriment of tomato and coconut palm chaff matrix trains the cultural method of tomato |
| CN107637498A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-01-30 | 防城港市绿华源农林科技有限公司 | A kind of device of tomato soilless culture makes and cultural method |
| CN108925418A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-04 | 靖西市秀美边城农业科技有限公司 | A kind of soilless planting method of cherry tomato |
| CN109588229A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-09 | 衢州市农业科学研究院 | The cultural method of cherry and tomato and application |
| CN109699480A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-03 | 孔艳娥 | A kind of simplified soilless culture method of heliogreenhouse cherry and tomato |
| CN110583431A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-20 | 东营市菇健生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing tomato seedling substrate by utilizing hypsizigus marmoreus residues |
| CN111727845A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-10-02 | 东营职业学院 | Method for preparing vegetable seedling raising matrix and bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow padding |
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