CN105777368A - Method for planting grape with high yield - Google Patents
Method for planting grape with high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN105777368A CN105777368A CN201610196361.7A CN201610196361A CN105777368A CN 105777368 A CN105777368 A CN 105777368A CN 201610196361 A CN201610196361 A CN 201610196361A CN 105777368 A CN105777368 A CN 105777368A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting grape with high yield. The method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out soil preparation, and ditching; 2) digging field planting points; 3) carrying out field planting; 4) putting up a support; 5) watering; 6) pruning; 7) carrying out flower thinning and fruit thinning; and 8) picking. The planting method selects soil applicable to grape planting, grape growth is facilitated, specially-made disease prevention selenium-enriched organic compound fertilizer for the grape planting is selected, the compound fertilizer is organic inorganic compound fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, once fertilizer can cover the whole grape planting period, fertilizer does not need to be changed, the fertilizer is rich in multiple microelements, kinds and contents of nutrient elements in the soil can be increased, rice nutritional value is improved, microorganism strains contained in the fertilizer are combined with a bactericide, disease prevention capability in the grape planting process is improved, production cost is low, marketing is facilitated, and economic benefit is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods.
Background technology
Fructus Vitis viniferae (English name: grape, formal name used at school: VitisviniferaL.) Vitaceae Vitis bejuco, sprig is cylindrical, there is vertical rib, without hair or by sparse pubescence, leaf oval, panicle is intensive or evacuates, spending more, with leaf to life, base portion branch is flourishing, fruit is spherical or oval, the seed ellipse of falling ovum, the month at florescence 4-5, fruit month phase 8-9.
Fructus Vitis viniferae is similar with most of crops, it grows desired nutritional element, nearly 17 kinds: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, ferrum, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, brill, in base, carbon and oxygen derive from the carbon dioxide in air when being photosynthesis, hydrogen is then from the moisture in soil, all the other each elements are except nitrogen, and majority is absorbed from soil by root.Chemical fertilizer mainly provides nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three elements, and some chemical fertilizer also contains a large amount of calcium, magnesium, sulfur, although using chemical fertilizer effect obvious, but uses and excessive easily causes fertilizer damage, and especially Potassium Fertilizer should be careful.
2014, whole nation vinegrowing area reached 76.72 ten thousand hectares (1150.8 ten thousand mus), and total output reaches 1254.6 ten thousand tons, wine annual production 116.1 ten thousand kilolitre, China has become vintage the first in the world, area second, the Fructus Vitis viniferae great industry nation that vintage is the 6th.
Fructus Vitis viniferae production area of China, in fertilising, pay attention to chemical fertilizer always and despise fertilizer, life-time service single chemical fertilizer in vineyard causes soil nutritional disorder, also occur in that degradation serious problems under soil compaction, soil probiotics mortality, the change of soil physico-chemical property, environmental pollution, yield and quality simultaneously, the selection of chemical fertilizer is only paid attention to nitrogenous fertilizer, despise phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, occur in that the branch of excessive growth is too much, twig not easily lignifying, trace element are deficient, the series of problems such as serious, nursery stock winter resistance reduction occur pest and disease damage in the season of growth.
And in grape planting process general at present, there is the phenomenon that fertilizer application frequency is too much more, generally at different trophophases, apply different types of fertilizer, accelerating along with China rural holding is reversed, emerge the rich and influential family that more and more tills the land, agricultural is just fast-developing towards industrialization direction.Go down town in a large number plus China peasant and work, cause that rural area person between twenty and fifty labour force's is in short supply, cause that in scale agricultural production, human cost increases, especially in orchard, fruit planting fruit trees needs repeatedly to apply fertilizer, not only time-consuming, plant growth manuring late inconvenience, production cost increases, and element rests in soil more after fertilising, in the course of time, make certain element in soil excessive, again apply fertilizer, the situation of burn seedlings likely occurs, and overfertilization also can make soil soil property worsen, the soil that soil property worsens, not only affect yield, also can reduce the plantation land area that China reduces day by day, make the fruit and vegerable underproduction, form vicious cycle.
For grape planting process, domestic at present it is primarily present following patent documentation:
Patent publication No.: CN105309269A, discloses the high-yield planting method of reasonable, safe a kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae.The high-yield planting method of Fructus Vitis viniferae, comprises the following steps.(1) seed selects, and according to Project Areas geographical conditions and climate characteristic, selects the branch propagation by grafiting that grape growth is surging.(2) wholely, large-scale vine nursery should select on the sunny side, leeward, soil layer is deep loose fertile again, moistening excessively drained field again.(3) field planting carried out in 3～May of spring, and the field planting method of Fructus Vitis viniferae has multiple.(4) planting density, large-scale kind line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 20-30cm；Medium-weight breed line-spacing 35-40cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm；Mini-breed can keep 8-10cm square.(5) fertilising, suitably increases dose, should suitably increase the consumption of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.(6) managing and protecting, Fructus Vitis viniferae garden should be strengthened managing and protecting, it is prevented that people and animals destroy, and observe at any time, timely preventing disease pest control.But, when this patent mentions fertilising step, propose the rational application of fertilizer and be to ensure that vine bulk-growth grows important measures that are normal and that reach stable high yield, grape seedlings growth is very fast, substantial amounts of nutrient is absorbed every year from soil, after the period of growth of the crop, if fertilizer provision from soil is not enough, affecting yield, seedling, before result, should look its yield and tree vigo(u)r, suitably increase dose, should suitably increase the consumption of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, but it does not provide concrete fertilization mode, only briefly summarise the purpose of fertilising.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned Problems existing, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods, described implantation methods selects the soil property being suitable for wine-growing, be conducive to grape growth, select special wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer, this compound fertilizer is compound organic and inorganic fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency is long, single-dose application can cover the wine-growing cycle, without changing fertilizer, and fertilizer is rich in various trace elements, nutrient kind and content in soil can be increased, lifting rice nutrition is worth, and fertilizer is contained within microorganism fungus kind and antibacterial combines, promote the diseases prevention ability in wine-growing process, production cost is low, be conducive to marketing, good in economic efficiency.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme is that
A kind of grape high-yield implantation methods, comprises the steps:
1) wholely, ditching
To select pH value be 5～8, solubility calcium content is the soil of 15～20%, digs the gully of wide 30～60cm, deep 20～30cm every 2～3 meters；
2) field planting point is dug
According to spacing in the rows 15～30cm between each row grape seedlings, between every two row, the specification of line-spacing 35～50cm is digged pit as grape seedlings field planting point, at field planting point and apply wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer, every mu of dose 40～60kg about；
3) field planting
In annual 1～February, choose root prosperity, grape seedlings without pest and disease damage, plant in step 2) in the field planting point that digs；
4) proping
The support climbed for Fructus Vitis viniferae is put up in the field having planted grape seedlings；
5) water
Within after field planting every 10～15 hours, water a water, keep ground to moisten；
6) training
Grape seedlings field planting 45～60 days or Fructus Vitis viniferae trunk length are to from, after ground level 1.2～1.4 meters, cutting off sprig viny, sick branch, make side shoot be maintained at 12～16, and 7～8 buds sent out by each side shoot fork；
7) flower thinning, fruit thinning
Defloration process is carried out, it is ensured that Fructus Vitis viniferae is born fruit at major branch and each side shoot when the florescence；The assorted flower of artificial removal, after bearing fruit, carries out fruit thinning, it is ensured that remove the fruit of malnutrition and pathological changes；
8) pluck
In the fruit phase, manually prune, remove pathological changes fruit, pluck after fruit maturation until 4～June.
Further, described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 40～60 parts, fertilizer: 30～40 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20～30 parts, MAP: 10～20 parts, potassium chloride: 15～25 parts, zinc sulfate: 10～15 parts, humic acids: 1～10 part, attapulgite: 10～15 parts, bacillus subtilis: 1～5 part, sodium selenite: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated iron: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated zinc: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated copper: 1～5 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 1～5 part, iron-amino acid chelate: 1～5 part, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 1～5 part, urease inhibitor: 0.5～1 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.5～1 part, paclobutrazol: 0.5～1 part.
Preferably, described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 50～60 parts, fertilizer: 35～40 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20～25 parts, MAP: 15～20 parts, potassium chloride: 20～25 parts, zinc sulfate: 10～13 parts, humic acids: 5～10 parts, attapulgite: 13～15 parts, bacillus subtilis: 2～5 parts, sodium selenite: 1～3 part, EDTA chelated iron: 3～5 parts, EDTA chelated zinc: 2～5 parts, EDTA chelated copper: 1～3 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 2～5 parts, iron-amino acid chelate: 2～5 parts, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 1～4 part, urease inhibitor: 0.5～0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.6～1 part, paclobutrazol: 0.7～1 part.
Preferably, described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 50 parts, fertilizer: 35 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 25 parts, MAP: 15 parts, potassium chloride: 20 parts, zinc sulfate: 13 parts, humic acids: 5 parts, attapulgite: 14 parts, bacillus subtilis: 5 parts, sodium selenite: 2 parts, EDTA chelated iron: 4 parts, EDTA chelated zinc: 3 parts, EDTA chelated copper: 2 parts, chelating amino acids manganese: 2 parts, iron-amino acid chelate: 5 parts, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 3 parts, urease inhibitor: 0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 1 part, paclobutrazol: 0.7 part.
Separately, described fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: animal waste: 20～30 parts, straw: 10～20 parts, bean cake: 10～20 parts, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs: 5～10 parts, Testa oryzae: 5～10 parts, plant ash: 5～10 parts, Chinese medicine slag: 1～5 part: yeast: 1～5 part.
Preferably, described fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: animal waste: 24 parts, straw: 16 parts, bean cake: 13 parts, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs: 6 parts, Testa oryzae: 7 parts, plant ash: 5 parts, Chinese medicine slag: 2 parts, yeast: 3 parts.
Separately having, described animal waste is cattle manure, chicken manure or pig manure.
Again, described nitrification inhibitor is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine, 3，5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.
Further, described urease inhibitor is hydroquinone, N-NBPT, N-butyl thio-phosphamide or phosphoric triamide.
And, the preparation method of described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer comprises the steps:
1) take straw and be cut into the segment of 3～5cm；Taking bean cake, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs, Chinese medicine slag, being crushed to fineness is 40～50 orders, take be cut into segment straw, pulverize after bean cake, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs, Chinese medicine slag, mix with animal waste, plant ash, add yeast, be uniformly mixed, suitable quantity of water, regulates moisture to water content 40～60%, piles in heaps, covered with plastic film, keeping stockpile temperature 40-60 DEG C, sealing and fermenting, after fermentation, turning in every 3～5 days is once, to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, obtain fertilizer；
2) raw material carbamide is melted through high temperature 120～140 DEG C；After potassium chloride, paclobutrazol, nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor mixing, add suitable quantity of water, stir, obtain combination solution standby；By step 1) gained fertilizer, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, zinc sulfate, humic acids, attapulgite, bacillus subtilis, sodium selenite, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated copper, chelating amino acids manganese, iron-amino acid chelate, chelating amino acids molybdenum mixing, stir, together add in the carbamide after gained melt process with gained combination solution and mix, temperature controls at 100～120 DEG C, shear granulation, it is cooled to 45～65 DEG C after heat exchange, obtains described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
nullDescribed implantation methods selects the soil property being suitable for wine-growing，Be conducive to grape growth，Select special wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer，This compound fertilizer is compound organic and inorganic fertilizer，By urease inhibitor, the hydrolysis of carbamide is controlled，Restriction forms the speed of ammonium，Control ammonium in soil、The concentration of nitrogen，Prevent from causing damage because can send out，By the activity of nitrite bacteria in nitrification inhibitor adjustment soil to hinder the generation of nitrification and denitrification，The nitrogen in soil is made to be present in soil with the form of ammonia，Fertilizer efficiency is long，Fertilizer effect duration can run through Rice Cropping all the time，Fertilizer efficiency was up to 3～4 months，Fertilizer efficiency is long，Fertilizer is only applied when digging field planting point，Without changing fertilizer，And fertilizer is rich in various trace elements，Rich in EDTA chelated iron、EDTA chelated zinc、EDTA chelated copper、Chelating amino acids manganese、The nutrition units such as iron-amino acid chelate and chelating amino acids molybdenum，Chelating form is more conducive to absorb，Can effectively promote microelement contents of soil，Improve soil and rice nutrition is worth，Fertilizer adds rich sodium selenate，Se content in soil can be promoted，And then Se content in lifting Fructus Vitis viniferae，Promote Fructus Vitis viniferae nutritive value further，And bacillus subtilis and paclobutrazol combine in fertilizer，Promote the diseases prevention ability in wine-growing process，Fructus Vitis viniferae per mu yield is up to 4000～4100 jin，Per mu yield exceeds Fructus Vitis viniferae traditional cultivation method 20～25%，Production cost is low，Be conducive to marketing，Good in economic efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following example will assist in those skilled in the art and are further appreciated by the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that, to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some deformation and improvement.These broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of grape high-yield implantation methods of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) wholely, ditching
To select pH value be 5～8, solubility calcium content is the soil of 15～20%, digs the gully of wide 30～60cm, deep 20～30cm every 2～3 meters；
2) field planting point is dug
According to spacing in the rows 15～30cm between each row grape seedlings, between every two row, the specification of line-spacing 35～50cm is digged pit as grape seedlings field planting point, at field planting point and apply wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer, every mu of dose 40～60kg about；
3) field planting
In annual 1～February, choose root prosperity, grape seedlings without pest and disease damage, plant in step 2) in the field planting point that digs；
4) proping
The support climbed for Fructus Vitis viniferae is put up in the field having planted grape seedlings；
5) water
Within after field planting every 10～15 hours, water a water, keep ground to moisten；
6) training
Grape seedlings field planting 45～60 days or Fructus Vitis viniferae trunk length are to from, after ground level 1.2～1.4 meters, cutting off sprig viny, sick branch, make side shoot be maintained at 12～16, and 7～8 buds sent out by each side shoot fork；
7) flower thinning, fruit thinning
Defloration process is carried out, it is ensured that Fructus Vitis viniferae is born fruit at major branch and each side shoot when the florescence；The assorted flower of artificial removal, after bearing fruit, carries out fruit thinning, it is ensured that remove the fruit of malnutrition and pathological changes；
8) pluck
In the fruit phase, manually prune, remove pathological changes fruit, pluck after fruit maturation until 4～June.
Further, described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 40～60 parts, fertilizer: 30～40 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20～30 parts, MAP: 10～20 parts, potassium chloride: 15～25 parts, zinc sulfate: 10～15 parts, humic acids: 1～10 part, attapulgite: 10～15 parts, bacillus subtilis: 1～5 part, sodium selenite: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated iron: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated zinc: 1～5 part, EDTA chelated copper: 1～5 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 1～5 part, iron-amino acid chelate: 1～5 part, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 1～5 part, urease inhibitor: 0.5～1 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.5～1 part, paclobutrazol: 0.5～1 part.
Preferably, described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 50～60 parts, fertilizer: 35～40 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20～25 parts, MAP: 15～20 parts, potassium chloride: 20～25 parts, zinc sulfate: 10～13 parts, humic acids: 5～10 parts, attapulgite: 13～15 parts, bacillus subtilis: 2～5 parts, sodium selenite: 1～3 part, EDTA chelated iron: 3～5 parts, EDTA chelated zinc: 2～5 parts, EDTA chelated copper: 1～3 part, chelating amino acids manganese: 2～5 parts, iron-amino acid chelate: 2～5 parts, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 1～4 part, urease inhibitor: 0.5～0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 0.6～1 part, paclobutrazol: 0.7～1 part.
Preferably, described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 50 parts, fertilizer: 35 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 25 parts, MAP: 15 parts, potassium chloride: 20 parts, zinc sulfate: 13 parts, humic acids: 5 parts, attapulgite: 14 parts, bacillus subtilis: 5 parts, sodium selenite: 2 parts, EDTA chelated iron: 4 parts, EDTA chelated zinc: 3 parts, EDTA chelated copper: 2 parts, chelating amino acids manganese: 2 parts, iron-amino acid chelate: 5 parts, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 3 parts, urease inhibitor: 0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 1 part, paclobutrazol: 0.7 part.
Separately, described fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: animal waste: 20～30 parts, straw: 10～20 parts, bean cake: 10～20 parts, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs: 5～10 parts, Testa oryzae: 5～10 parts, plant ash: 5～10 parts, Chinese medicine slag: 1～5 part: yeast: 1～5 part.
Preferably, described fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: animal waste: 24 parts, straw: 16 parts, bean cake: 13 parts, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs: 6 parts, Testa oryzae: 7 parts, plant ash: 5 parts, Chinese medicine slag: 2 parts, yeast: 3 parts.
Separately having, described animal waste is cattle manure, chicken manure or pig manure.
Again, described nitrification inhibitor is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine, 3，5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.
Further, described urease inhibitor is hydroquinone, N-NBPT, N-butyl thio-phosphamide or phosphoric triamide.
And, the preparation method of described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer comprises the steps:
1) take straw and be cut into the segment of 3～5cm；Taking bean cake, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs, Chinese medicine slag, being crushed to fineness is 40～50 orders, take be cut into segment straw, pulverize after bean cake, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs, Chinese medicine slag, mix with animal waste, plant ash, add yeast, be uniformly mixed, suitable quantity of water, regulates moisture to water content 40～60%, piles in heaps, covered with plastic film, keeping stockpile temperature 40-60 DEG C, sealing and fermenting, after fermentation, turning in every 3～5 days is once, to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, obtain fertilizer；
2) raw material carbamide is melted through high temperature 120～140 DEG C；After potassium chloride, paclobutrazol, nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor mixing, add suitable quantity of water, stir, obtain combination solution standby；By step 1) gained fertilizer, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, zinc sulfate, humic acids, attapulgite, bacillus subtilis, sodium selenite, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated copper, chelating amino acids manganese, iron-amino acid chelate, chelating amino acids molybdenum mixing, stir, together add in the carbamide after gained melt process with gained combination solution and mix, temperature controls at 100～120 DEG C, shear granulation, it is cooled to 45～65 DEG C after heat exchange, obtains described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer.
Wherein, the ingredient lists of wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer used by a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods that table 1 provides for various embodiments of the present invention.The ingredient lists of fertilizer in wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer used by a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods that table 2 provides for various embodiments of the present invention.Used by a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods that table 3 provides for various embodiments of the present invention, wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer is in the cumulative leaching rate list of the Static Water N of 25 DEG C.
Table 1 (unit: weight portion)
Table 2 (unit: weight portion)
Table 3
| Dissolution time (my god) | Cumulative leaching rate (%) |
| 10 | 11.23 |
| 20 | 16.57 |
| 30 | 25.69 |
| 50 | 50.47 |
| 70 | 68.36 |
| 80 | 88.49 |
| 100 | 99.14 |
nullA kind of grape high-yield implantation methods provided by the present invention，Described implantation methods selects the soil property being suitable for wine-growing，Be conducive to grape growth，Select special wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer，This compound fertilizer is compound organic and inorganic fertilizer，By urease inhibitor, the hydrolysis of carbamide is controlled，Restriction forms the speed of ammonium，Control ammonium in soil、The concentration of nitrogen，Prevent from causing damage because can send out，By the activity of nitrite bacteria in nitrification inhibitor adjustment soil to hinder the generation of nitrification and denitrification，The nitrogen in soil is made to be present in soil with the form of ammonia，Fertilizer efficiency is long，Fertilizer effect duration can run through Rice Cropping all the time，Fertilizer efficiency was up to 3～4 months，Fertilizer efficiency is long，Fertilizer is only applied when digging field planting point，Without changing fertilizer，And fertilizer is rich in various trace elements，Rich in EDTA chelated iron、EDTA chelated zinc、EDTA chelated copper、Chelating amino acids manganese、The nutrition units such as iron-amino acid chelate and chelating amino acids molybdenum，Chelating form is more conducive to absorb，Can effectively promote microelement contents of soil，Improve soil and rice nutrition is worth，Fertilizer adds rich sodium selenate，Se content in soil can be promoted，And then Se content in lifting Fructus Vitis viniferae，Promote Fructus Vitis viniferae nutritive value further，And bacillus subtilis and paclobutrazol combine in fertilizer，Promote the diseases prevention ability in wine-growing process，Fructus Vitis viniferae per mu yield is up to 4000～4100 jin，Per mu yield exceeds Fructus Vitis viniferae traditional cultivation method 20～25%，Production cost is low，Be conducive to marketing，Good in economic efficiency.
It should be noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted.Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, the technical scheme of invention can being modified or equivalent replacement, without deviating from the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a grape high-yield implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Wholely, ditching
To select pH value be 5 ~ 8, solubility calcium content is the soil of 15 ~ 20%, digs the gully of wide 30 ~ 60cm, deep 20 ~ 30cm every 2 ~ 3 meters；
Dig field planting point
According to spacing in the rows 15 ~ 30cm between each row grape seedlings, between every two row, the specification of line-spacing 35 ~ 50cm is digged pit as grape seedlings field planting point, at field planting point and apply wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer, every mu of dose 40 ~ 60kg about；
Field planting
In annual 1 ~ February, choose root prosperity, grape seedlings without pest and disease damage, plant in step 2) in the field planting point that digs；
Proping
The support climbed for Fructus Vitis viniferae is put up in the field having planted grape seedlings；
Water
Within after field planting every 10 ~ 15 hours, water a water, keep ground to moisten；
Training
Grape seedlings field planting 45 ~ 60 days or Fructus Vitis viniferae trunk length are to from, after ground level 1.2 ~ 1.4 meters, cutting off sprig viny, sick branch, make side shoot be maintained at 12 ~ 16, and 7 ~ 8 buds sent out by each side shoot fork；
Flower thinning, fruit thinning
Defloration process is carried out, it is ensured that Fructus Vitis viniferae is born fruit at major branch and each side shoot when the florescence；The assorted flower of artificial removal, after bearing fruit, carries out fruit thinning, it is ensured that remove the fruit of malnutrition and pathological changes；
Pluck
In the fruit phase, manually prune, remove pathological changes fruit, pluck after fruit maturation until 4 ~ June.
null2. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to claim 1，It is characterized in that，Described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 40 ~ 60 parts，Fertilizer: 30 ~ 40 parts，Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20 ~ 30 parts，MAP: 10 ~ 20 parts，Potassium chloride: 15 ~ 25 parts，Zinc sulfate: 10 ~ 15 parts，Humic acids: 1 ~ 10 part，Attapulgite: 10 ~ 15 parts，Bacillus subtilis: 1 ~ 5 part，Sodium selenite: 1 ~ 5 part，EDTA chelated iron: 1 ~ 5 part，EDTA chelated zinc: 1 ~ 5 part，EDTA chelated copper: 1 ~ 5 part，Chelating amino acids manganese: 1 ~ 5 part，Iron-amino acid chelate: 1 ~ 5 part，Chelating amino acids molybdenum: 1 ~ 5 part，Urease inhibitor: 0.5 ~ 1 part，Nitrification inhibitor: 0.5 ~ 1 part，Paclobutrazol: 0.5 ~ 1 part.
null3. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to claim 1，It is characterized in that，Described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 50 ~ 60 parts，Fertilizer: 35 ~ 40 parts，Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 20 ~ 25 parts，MAP: 15 ~ 20 parts，Potassium chloride: 20 ~ 25 parts，Zinc sulfate: 10 ~ 13 parts，Humic acids: 5 ~ 10 parts，Attapulgite: 13 ~ 15 parts，Bacillus subtilis: 2 ~ 5 parts，Sodium selenite: 1 ~ 3 part，EDTA chelated iron: 3 ~ 5 parts，EDTA chelated zinc: 2 ~ 5 parts，EDTA chelated copper: 1 ~ 3 part，Chelating amino acids manganese: 2 ~ 5 parts，Iron-amino acid chelate: 2 ~ 5 parts，Chelating amino acids molybdenum: 1 ~ 4 part，Urease inhibitor: 0.5 ~ 0.8 part，Nitrification inhibitor: 0.6 ~ 1 part，Paclobutrazol: 0.7 ~ 1 part.
4. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: carbamide: 50 parts, fertilizer: 35 parts, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate: 25 parts, MAP: 15 parts, potassium chloride: 20 parts, zinc sulfate: 13 parts, humic acids: 5 parts, attapulgite: 14 parts, bacillus subtilis: 5 parts, sodium selenite: 2 parts, EDTA chelated iron: 4 parts, EDTA chelated zinc: 3 parts, EDTA chelated copper: 2 parts, chelating amino acids manganese: 2 parts, iron-amino acid chelate: 5 parts, chelating amino acids molybdenum: 3 parts, urease inhibitor: 0.8 part, nitrification inhibitor: 1 part, paclobutrazol: 0.7 part.
5. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to any one of claim 2 ~ 4, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: animal waste: 20 ~ 30 parts, straw: 10 ~ 20 parts, bean cake: 10 ~ 20 parts, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs: 5 ~ 10 parts, Testa oryzae: 5 ~ 10 parts, plant ash: 5 ~ 10 parts, Chinese medicine slag: 1 ~ 5 part: yeast: 1 ~ 5 part.
6. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to any one of claim 2 ~ 4, it is characterized in that, described fertilizer includes the composition of following weight portion: animal waste: 24 parts, straw: 16 parts, bean cake: 13 parts, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs: 6 parts, Testa oryzae: 7 parts, plant ash: 5 parts, Chinese medicine slag: 2 parts, yeast: 3 parts.
7. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described animal waste is cattle manure, chicken manure or pig manure.
8. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to any one of claim 2 ~ 4, it is characterised in that described nitrification inhibitor is 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine, 3，5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.
9. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to any one of claim 2 ~ 4, it is characterised in that described urease inhibitor is hydroquinone, N-NBPT, N-butyl thio-phosphamide or phosphoric triamide.
10. a kind of grape high-yield implantation methods according to any one of claim 2 ~ 4, it is characterised in that the preparation method of described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer comprises the steps:
Take straw and be cut into the segment of 3 ~ 5cm；Taking bean cake, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs, Chinese medicine slag, being crushed to fineness is 40 ~ 50 orders, take be cut into segment straw, pulverize after bean cake, Semen arachidis hypogaeae dregs, Chinese medicine slag, mix with animal waste, plant ash, add yeast, be uniformly mixed, suitable quantity of water, regulates moisture to water content 40 ~ 60%, piles in heaps, covered with plastic film, keeping stockpile temperature 40-60 DEG C, sealing and fermenting, after fermentation, turning in every 3 ~ 5 days is once, to becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, obtain fertilizer；
Raw material carbamide is melted through high temperature 120 ~ 140 DEG C；After potassium chloride, paclobutrazol, nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor mixing, add suitable quantity of water, stir, obtain combination solution standby；By step 1) gained fertilizer, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, MAP, zinc sulfate, humic acids, attapulgite, bacillus subtilis, sodium selenite, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated copper, chelating amino acids manganese, iron-amino acid chelate, chelating amino acids molybdenum mixing, stir, together add in the carbamide after gained melt process with gained combination solution and mix, temperature controls at 100 ~ 120 DEG C, shear granulation, it is cooled to 45 ~ 65 DEG C after heat exchange, obtains described wine-growing diseases prevention selenium-rich organic compound fertilizer.
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| CN107211825A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-09-29 | 铜仁市万山区山地刺葡萄农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Vitis davidii Foex |
| CN107409884A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-01 | 绵阳仙特米业有限公司 | The implantation methods of selenium-rich rice |
| CN107500849A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-22 | 太仓市雅丰农场专业合作社 | Wine-growing fertilizer |
| CN108029437A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-15 | 王桂秀 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
| CN108450227A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-08-28 | 山东博华高效生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of grape |
| CN109809948A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-05-28 | 象山东卫生态农业专业合作社 | A kind of grape organic fertilizer and implantation methods |
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