CN103708529B - Composite substrate cultivation nutrient solution of tomato, rock wool and coco coir - Google Patents

Composite substrate cultivation nutrient solution of tomato, rock wool and coco coir Download PDF

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CN103708529B
CN103708529B CN201310709630.1A CN201310709630A CN103708529B CN 103708529 B CN103708529 B CN 103708529B CN 201310709630 A CN201310709630 A CN 201310709630A CN 103708529 B CN103708529 B CN 103708529B
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tomato
nutrient solution
honoka
phase
rock wool
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CN103708529A (en
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郭玲娟
刁洪胜
张兴娟
商明涛
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Shandong Xincheng Modern Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Shandong Xincheng Modern Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a composite substrate cultivation nutrient solution of tomato, rock wool and coco coir. The composite substrate cultivation nutrient solution of tomato, rock wool and coco coir is characterized by being respectively prepared into a nutrient solution for an early stage of the bloom, a nutrient solution for 1-3 spike flower stages of the tomato, a nutrient solution for 4-5 spike flower stages of the tomato, a nutrient solution for 6-10 spike flower stages of the tomato, and a nutrient solution for 11-30 spike flower stages of the tomato according to different growth stages of the tomato. By adopting the nutrient solution disclosed by the invention, compared with the formula of a contrast nutrient solution, the tomato plant is robust, developed in root and upright in fruit; the yield per unit area is relatively higher than 3.5kg/m<2> and can be up to 33.6kgm<2>; the incidence of navel rot is relatively reduced by 10%; the upright degree of the fruit is high; the occupancy rate of the first-class goods fruit is relatively improved by 5%.

Description

The compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, be specifically related to the nutritive medium of the compound substrate culture of a kind of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff.
background technology
Current tomato nutrient liquid formula mostly is general formulation or single-matrix nutrient solution prescription, and lacks the single-minded formula of compound matrix, and especially day still belongs to blank with the single-minded formula of the compound matrix of the rock wool coconut palm chaff of enlarged-area; In addition, the different bearing stage of tomato growth is very large to various element demand difference, and the whole breeding cycle of existing tomato nutrient liquid formula is a formula, be difficult to meet the demand of tomato different bearing stage for nutritive element, cause soilless culture intermediate frequency to take place frequently raw nutritional deficiency symptom.
Along with the adjustment of the structure of rural undertaking, the facility cultivation of veterinary antibiotics flowers develops rapidly, enrich the life of vegetable basket and the people greatly, and become important Major agro-industry, it is the important channel of increasing farmers' income, but due to the stationarity of facility, ecological special and soil water-stable aggregates characteristics of motion singularity in facility, soil salinization degree in facility cultivation cultivation, increasingly aggravating along with the increase of the working life of facility, secondary salinization has become the MAIN SOILS obstruction factor in facility cultivation, annoyings the development of facility cultivation greatly.Soilless substyate culture is the effective technical way overcoming this obstacle, in substrate culture, nutrient needed for crop relies on nutritive medium to supply substantially, the preparation cost of current nutritive medium is high, benefit is low, become one of bottleneck of restriction soilless substyate culture development, cost-saving synergistic becomes the key point that soilless culture is promoted.High concentrated organic wastewater and functional microorganism development cost soilless culture multi-functional (organic and inorganic-biological activity) nutritive medium is utilized to be expected to break through this bottleneck.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of method.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme:
The compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff, this tomato nutrient liquid is formulated as tomato respectively by the different times of tomato growth and blooms early stage, tomato 1-3 Honoka phase, tomato: 4-5 Honoka phase, tomato: 6-10 Honoka phase, tomato: 11-30 Honoka phase five kinds of nutritive mediums.
The compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff of the present invention, its formula is as follows:
1. tomato blooms in earlier stage: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=113:22:150:77:119:34:1;
2. tomato 1-3 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=114:22:161:59:105:29:1;
3. tomato 4-5 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=111:22.5:178:64:104.5:24.5:1;
4. tomato 6-10 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=105:22.5:190:77.5:105:24.5:1;
5. tomato 11-30 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=102:22.5:191.5:88.5:105:29:1.
Contrast nutrient solution prescription N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=233:33:418:136:201:57:1, will compare with nutritive medium of the present invention and contrast nutritive medium in specification sheets specific embodiment, compare both effects.
Its pH of nutritive medium that above-mentioned tomato blooms early stage is 5.8-6.5.
Its pH of nutritive medium of above-mentioned tomato 1-3 Honoka phase is 5.2-5.4.
Its pH of nutritive medium of above-mentioned tomato 4-5 Honoka phase is 5.2-5.4.
Its pH of nutritive medium of above-mentioned tomato 6-10 Honoka phase is 5.4-5.6.
Its pH of nutritive medium of above-mentioned tomato 11-30 Honoka phase is 5.4-5.6.
Above-mentioned tomato nutrient liquid also comprises the composition of trace element, and above five kinds of nutritive mediums all add trace elements zn: Mn:Cu:B:Mo=0.4:0.56:0.06:0.44:0.06 according to following ratio (based on Fe parameter 1).
Beneficial effect of the present invention is, adopts nutritive medium of the present invention, healthy and strong relative to the performance of contrast nutrient solution prescription tomato plant, well developed root system, and fruit is straight; The relatively high 3.5kg/ ㎡ of yield per unit, reaches 33.6kg/ ㎡; Blossom-end rot sickness rate reduces 10% relatively; The straight degree of fruit is high, and first-class commodity fruit occupation rate promotes 5% relatively.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, so that those skilled in the art more understands the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, starting material are selected
The raw material types of element source is chosen as CaNO 3.4H 2o, EDTA-2Na, KNO 3, MgSO 4.7H 2o, KH 2pO 4, K 2sO 4, ZnSO 4.7H 2o, MnSO 4.7H 2o, CuSO 4.5H 2o, HBO 3, Na 2moO 4.2H 2o is starting material in totally 11, and macroelement is the purity of agricultural more than 95%, and micro-fertilizer adopts chemical pure.
2, collocation method
1. use water: cleaned pure water, EC is less than 0.02mS/cm, and PH is at about 5.8-7.0, and content of mineral substances meets agricultural water requirement.
2. mother liquor: join mother liquor starting material being configured to concentrated 200 times of A, B two kinds according to the formula of different times, respectively in A mother liquor tank and B mother liquor tank.
3. equipping rules: A mother liquor is centered by calcium salt and chelated iron; B mother liquor forms with micro-fertile mixture centered by other macroelement.
3, using priciple
1. A mother liquor and B mother liquor are added cleaned water to working fluid according to the volume ratio of 1:1, directly act on tomato by irrigation system and absorb.
2. EC and PH technical parameter (nutritive medium water temperature 15-20 DEG C).The comprehensive intensity of illumination of EC value, temperature and tomato different bearing stage three Parameters variation, variation range is between 1.5-4.0; The PH change at nutritive medium residual night that pH value is comprehensively got rid of from rock wool and coconut palm chaff adjusts between 5.2-6.5.
4, concrete production and application process
Plant for article of manufacture is all with Jia Xina tomato variety, whole tomato growth process grouping arrangement, the nutrient solution prescription using each period corresponding and contrast nutrient solution prescription, the formula of nutritive medium is as follows:
Tomato blooms early stage: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=113:22:150:77:119:34:1, pH are 5.8-6.5;
The tomato 1-3 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=114:22:161:59:105:29:1, pH are 5.2-5.4;
The tomato 4-5 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=111:22.5:178:64:104.5:24.5:1, pH are 5.2-5.4;
The tomato 6-10 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=105:22.5:190:77.5:105:24.5:1,5.4-5.6;
The tomato 11-30 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=102:22.5:191.5:88.5:105:29:1,5.4-5.6.
In above formula, also add trace elements zn: Mn:Cu:B:Mo=0.4:0.56:0.06:0.44:0.06.
According to the various raw material of above-mentioned proportions, make element ratio wherein consistent with above-mentioned ratio.
1. nursery
Adopt square position Seedling beared With Rock-Wool technology, before sowing, the tomato of rock wool plug EC1.5, pH6.5 is bloomed in earlier stage and contrast pancebrin and drench, after planting on planting hole, cover vermiculite;
Launch to rough leaf after seed is unearthed, bloom in earlier stage with the tomato that EC is 1.8-2.3, pH6.2 and the pouring of contrast pancebrin, pouring is avoided using bottom-irrigating, tries one's best and adopts the mode of top spray, reduce the salt accumulation of mineral wool block upper surface, after pouring, prevent calcination with clean water blade;
When the kind seedling leaf of rock wool plug contacts with each other, when healthy root system is high-visible, immature seedling is transferred on mineral wool block (10cm × 10cm) by regeneration techniques of being completely cured, bloom with EC2.0-2.5 and pH6.2 tomato and water with contrast nutritive medium early stage, clear water top spray subsequently, till top spray rinse dosage squirts slightly under stream of liquid droplets with tomato blade face.
2. field planting
Coconut palm chaff pre-treatment before field planting.Coconut palm chaff bar dedicated buffering liquid is rinsed (nitrocalcite and magnesium sulfate mass ratio 2:1) the day before yesterday by field planting, and damping fluid EC value is 1.5ms/cm; Cultivating bag rushes after filling, when leaving standstill 24 through damping fluid; Again to cultivating bag enter EC be 2.5 tomato to bloom pancebrin drip irrigation in early stage, the EC value of direct current fluid is identical with feed liquor, and cultivating bag has prepared.
Mineral wool block is directly positioned on the field planting hole of coconut palm chaff bar, will hang climing rope and be pressed on immediately below mineral wool block, inserts and drips arrow.
3. the nutrient solution prescription using each period corresponding and contrast nutrient solution prescription:
EC and pH technical parameter (nutritive medium water temperature 15-20 DEG C).The comprehensive intensity of illumination of EC value, temperature and tomato different bearing stage three Parameters variation, variation range is between 1.5-4.0, and the pH change at nutritive medium residual night that pH value is comprehensively got rid of from rock wool and coconut palm chaff adjusts between 5.2-6.5.
5, interpretation of result and actual effect
In comparative example, nutrient solution prescription N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=233:33:418:136:201:57:1.
Nutrient solution prescription (33.6kg/ ㎡) in embodiment 1 is relative to contrast nutrient solution prescription (30.1kg/ ㎡) yield per unit height 3.5kg/ ㎡;
Nutrient solution prescription in embodiment 1 reduces 10% relatively relative to contrast nutrient solution prescription blossom-end rot sickness rate;
Nutrient solution prescription in embodiment 1 is high relative to the straight degree of contrast nutrient solution prescription fruit, and first-class commodity fruit occupation rate promotes 5% relatively;
Use the tomato thick and leaf area index of the seedling plant height of nutritive medium in early stage, stem of blooming all to be significantly higher than contrast nutrient solution prescription, be more conducive to nurturing staff;
The tomato of contrast nutrient liquid fertilizer is in the 3-5 Honoka phase, and young fruit starts to occur that navel is rotten, and in 5-10 Honoka phase vegetative point chrysanthemum, occurs iron deficiency symptoms, and tomato occurs physiological disturbance whole breeding time often.
Embodiment 2
Adopt tomato coconut palm chaff rock wool compound cultivation special nutrient fluid kind " A ", " B ", " C " three tomato varieties, all performance is good.Specific embodiments is as follows:
1, nursery
1. kind of a rear vernalization is scalded with high temperature:
Treat that tomato seeds more than 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow, during sowing, seed is transferred in rock wool plug by key or tweezers, covers non-woven fabrics after Surface mulch 0.8-1cm vermiculite; Diurnal temperature keeps 23-25 DEG C, launches, substrate temperature 25 DEG C, humidity 90-95% to seed cotyledons.
2. mineral wool block (10cm × 10cm) is transferred to:
Utilization is completely cured regeneration techniques, is transferred on mineral wool block by rock wool plug, increases root system amount nurturing staff; To bloom early stage and the pouring of contrast nutritive medium with EC2.0-2.5 and PH6.2 tomato, clear water top spray subsequently, till top spray rinse dosage squirts slightly under stream of liquid droplets with tomato blade face; Keep diurnal temperature 21 DEG C, substrate temperature 23 DEG C, solution temperature 23 DEG C; Humidity 70-75%, water content of substrate keeps 65-85%;
3. nurturing staff:
Because bloom early stage nutrient composition of tomato is balanced, can meet the various growth demands of seedling for different element, growth potential is relatively strong, gets final product field planting during 4 leaf 1 heart.
2, field planting
Coconut palm chaff bar dedicated buffering liquid is rinsed (nitrocalcite and magnesium sulfate mass ratio are 2:1) the day before yesterday by field planting, and damping fluid EC value is 1.5ms/cm; Cultivating bag rushes after filling, when leaving standstill 24 through damping fluid; Again to cultivating bag enter EC be 2.5 tomato to bloom pancebrin drip irrigation in early stage, the EC value of direct current fluid is identical with feed liquor, and cultivating bag has prepared.
Mineral wool block is directly positioned on the field planting hole of coconut palm chaff bar, will hang climing rope and be pressed on immediately below mineral wool block, inserts and drips arrow.
3, growing season management
1. the management of nutritive medium watering time and number of times:
Summer is within 1 hour, start after sunrise to irrigate, and once, one time 3 minutes, sunset stopped for first 1 hour in pouring in every 25 minutes; Within after sunrise in winter 2 hours, start to irrigate, once, one time 2 minutes, sunset stopped for first 1 and a half hours in pouring in every 35 minutes.
2. EC, pH setting:
The comprehensive intensity of illumination of EC value, temperature and tomato different bearing stage three Parameters variation, variation range is between 1.5-4.0; The PH change at nutritive medium residual night that pH value is comprehensively got rid of from rock wool and coconut palm chaff adjusts between 5.2-6.5.
3. agronomic measures management:
With a S hook around upper rope, this hook is placed in high hangar system, after field planting during plant height 30cm, starts to hang climing with tying up climing button; Training is gone alone in employing, removes all side shoots and in time bud picking, the leaf under the fruit ear extracing fruit annesl; Fall in time during plant height 3 meters climing.
4, choose A, B, C tri-tomato varieties in rock wool coconut palm chaff compound cultivation special nutrient fluid cultivation, all performance is good.Plant disease resistance is strong, and fruit is straight beautiful, and commodity is good, and mouthfeel is good.

Claims (7)

1. the compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff, is characterized in that: described tomato nutrient liquid is formulated as tomato respectively by the different times of tomato growth and blooms early stage, tomato 1-3 Honoka phase, tomato 4-5 Honoka phase, tomato 6-10 Honoka phase, tomato 11-30 Honoka phase five kinds of nutritive mediums;
The formula of described tomato nutrient liquid is as follows:
1. tomato blooms in earlier stage: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=113:22:150:77:119:34:1;
2. tomato 1-3 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=114:22:161:59:105:29:1;
3. tomato 4-5 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=111:22.5:178:64:104.5:24.5:1;
4. tomato 6-10 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=105:22.5:190:77.5:105:24.5:1;
5. tomato 11-30 Honoka phase: N:P:K:S:Ca:Mg:Fe=102:22.5:191.5:88.5:105:29:1.
2. the compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, its pH of nutritive medium that described tomato blooms early stage is 5.8-6.5.
3. the compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, its pH of nutritive medium of described tomato 1-3 Honoka phase is 5.2-5.4.
4. the compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, its pH of nutritive medium of described tomato 4-5 Honoka phase is 5.2-5.4.
5. the compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, its pH of nutritive medium of described tomato 6-10 Honoka phase is 5.4-5.6.
6. the compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, its pH of nutritive medium of described tomato 11-30 Honoka phase is 5.4-5.6.
7. the compound substrate culture nutritive medium of tomato rock wool coconut palm chaff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described tomato nutrient liquid also comprises the composition of trace element, above five kinds of nutritive mediums all add trace elements zn: Mn:Cu:B:Mo=0.4:0.56:0.06:0.44:0.06 according to following ratio, and above-mentioned ratio is parameter 1 based on Fe all.
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CN104719114B (en) * 2015-03-25 2017-04-12 青岛市农业科学研究院 Tomato soilless culture nutrient solution with fly ash aggregate as matrix
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CN106386439A (en) * 2016-09-06 2017-02-15 贵州大学 Method for producing tomatoes by a mist spraying method
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CN106613849A (en) * 2016-12-24 2017-05-10 聊城职业技术学院 Planting trough with coconut bran as substrate and cultivation method of tomato by using planting trough
CN106577246A (en) * 2017-01-17 2017-04-26 张家港市永联菜篮农业专业合作社 Culture shelf for tomato soilless culture
CN106900504B (en) * 2017-02-23 2020-07-21 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 Soilless culture material suitable for tomatoes and culture method for tomatoes by coconut husk matrix
CN107082672A (en) * 2017-05-12 2017-08-22 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 Tomato rock wool substrate culture nutrient solution
CN110590430A (en) * 2019-09-06 2019-12-20 潍坊市华以农业科技有限公司 Nutrient solution formula suitable for soilless culture of tomatoes by coconut coir and application
CN111018592A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-17 北京市农业技术推广站 Nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation
CN111018591A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-17 北京市农业技术推广站 Nutrient solution for long-season cultivation of cherry tomatoes
CN111642382A (en) * 2020-06-18 2020-09-11 佛山市农业科学研究所(佛山市农业技术推广中心) Nutrient solution for cultivating tomato and rock wool and application thereof
CN113661879B (en) * 2021-09-13 2023-02-10 山东农业大学 Fertilizing method for improving yield and quality of medium-cultivated tomatoes
CN114190242A (en) * 2021-12-13 2022-03-18 山东农业大学 Long-season tomato planting method

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