CN104719114B - Tomato soilless culture nutrient solution with fly ash aggregate as matrix - Google Patents

Tomato soilless culture nutrient solution with fly ash aggregate as matrix Download PDF

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CN104719114B
CN104719114B CN201510134075.3A CN201510134075A CN104719114B CN 104719114 B CN104719114 B CN 104719114B CN 201510134075 A CN201510134075 A CN 201510134075A CN 104719114 B CN104719114 B CN 104719114B
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soilless culture
nutrient solution
lytag
nutrient
substrate
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CN104719114A (en
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李显日
万述伟
连之新
金松子
王广华
刘玲
赵爱鸿
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QINGDAO INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a tomato soilless culture nutrient solution with fly ash aggregate as the matrix and belongs to the technical field of horticultural plant soilless culture. The nutrient solution comprises a soilless culture nutrient solution body used in a vegetative period and a soilless culture nutrient solution body used in a reproductive period. Water is used as the solvent of the two nutrient solution bodies. The two nutrient solution bodies both comprise KNO3, Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, MgSO4.4H2O, KH2PO4, NH4NO3, Fe-EDTA, H3BO3, MnSO4.H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, CuSO4.5H2O, Na2MoO4.2H2O and the like and are formed through preparation. The formula of the tomato soilless culture nutrient solution is composed of two parts, the nutrient absorbing features of tomatoes in different growth periods are considered, the formula used in the early period pays particular emphasis on promoting vegetative growth of the plants, and the formula used in the later period pays particular emphasis on promoting fruits to expand and develop.

Description

A kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate soiless cultivation nutritional solution
Technical field
The invention belongs to garden crop cultivation technique without soil field, more particularly to a kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate is without soil Cultivating nutrient solution.
Background technology
Flyash is one of larger industrial residue of the current discharge capacity of China, with the development of power industry, coal-burning power plant Flyash discharge capacity increases year by year.The solid waste that flyash is discharged as coal-burning power plant, it is long-term stack not only can impurely under Water system, can also produce airborne dust and cause atmospheric pollution, cause huge pressure to the development of the national economy and ecological environment of China. The recycling problem of flyash has caused the most attention of people, also becomes China environmental protection and regenerated resources development field An important topic, using its be main material prepare sintering ceramsite of fly ash can develop as soilless culture substrate, be A kind of new way that Ash Utilization is utilized.The domestic utilization with regard to lytag at present focuses primarily upon brickmaking, basis Building and build etc. aspect, but for crop soilless culture substrate in terms of research be not yet reported that.
Lytag is the admixture clay and appropriate additive balling-up with flyash as major ingredient, Jing high-temperature roastings and be obtained A kind of artificial lightweight aggregate.It is rounded, and, between 5~20mm, rough coat is internal in alveolate texture, has perhaps for particle diameter More micro- pore, in cinerouss or flyash true qualities.As a kind of inorganic matrix of soilless culture, with grappling plant, water conservation, guarantor Fertile, ventilative, stable chemical nature has certain buffer capacity, has good physical property, and rough surface, specific surface area are big, protect The features such as water fertilizer conservation is breathed freely again.
It is many currently used for the matrix species of soilless culture, such as Vermiculitum, rock wool, turf, fluvial sand etc., as long as with good Physics, chemical stability, have certain retention ability and breathability again, it is possible to the selection for the treatment of in accordance with local conditions.The research knot such as Hou Hongbo Fruit shows:Sand, sawdust, slag etc. are the most wide and economic soilless substrates of purposes;Rock wool, haydite, Vermiculitum, perlite, Pumex etc. It is high cost, the measured high-grade substrate of matter, is soilless substrate best at present;Not only it is economical but also strong to plant growing without soil Cultivation matrix.Brdget White report that expanded clay particle is a kind of good cultivation matrix, with good drainage, most Suitable for tide type irrigation system or other systems for needing frequent irrigation.
It is available for the nutrient solution prescription of soilless culture many so far, can typically makes crop normal growth, but respective application Effect and applicable object are all not quite alike.As the Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution that Hori (1963) is developed is applied to gravel cultivation;Mountain is rugged The rugged nutritional solution in Japanese mountain (1982) developed is agreed suitable for the circulating hydroponic culture that acts on without substrate buffer;Sonneveld The PBG nutritional solutions of the Dutch glasshouse crop research institute developed with Straver (1992) are applied to circulating Soilless culture;Korea garden The KHR nutritional solutions of skill institute exploitation and the KHE nutritional solutions of Korea's gardening test site exploitation are planted suitable for non-circulating type perlite Training etc..
Domestic lytag is in the starting stage as the research of soilless culture substrate, there is not yet lytag cultivation The correlational study report of nutrient solution prescription, but bulking ceramsite (main constituent is clay) is used as the research of soilless cultivation substrate of flowers There is a small amount of report.
Soilless culture nutrient fluid formula is many at present, but has its specific substrate or cultivation during the exploitation of any formula Training mode, that is to say, that substrate and planting type that each nutritional solution has it applicable.The physicochemical property of substrate can affect to make The absorption of the rhizospheric environment and root system of thing.Lytag is a kind of new cultivation matrix, and its physicochemical property and other substrate have Institute is different, therefore the crop alimentary liquid of the suitable lytag substrate culture of exploitation is inevitable.
The content of the invention
To overcome the shortcoming of prior art and deficiency, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate Soilless culture nutrient fluid.The present invention improves lytag as cultivation matrix to preferably develop lytag Value, the present invention with Fructus Lycopersici esculenti as try material, with lytag as cultivation matrix, carried out Fructus Lycopersici esculenti soilless culture test, It is intended to, by analyzing plant nutrient absorption characteristic and vine growth and development situation, research and develop the tomato nutrient liquid of lytag cultivation Formula, to seek utilization ways of the lytag in terms of garden crop production.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:A kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate soiless cultivation nutrition Liquid, including vegetative growth phase soilless culture nutrient fluid and reproductive stage soilless culture nutrient fluid, two parts nutritional solution are distinguished Use in the vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage stage of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate soiless cultivation:
Described vegetative growth phase soilless culture nutrient fluid, is nutritional solution of the water as solvent, and 1 liter of vegetative growth phase is without soil Cultivating nutrient solution includes the component of following quality:
Described reproductive stage soilless culture nutrient fluid, is nutritional solution of the water as solvent, and 1 liter of reproductive stage is without soil Cultivating nutrient solution includes the component of following quality:
Described tomato nutrient trophophase is to be colonized to Fructus Phyllanthi tassel blossom from Fructus Lycopersici esculenti.
It is available for the nutrient solution prescription of soilless culture many so far, can typically makes crop normal growth, but respective application Effect is all not quite alike.Lytag is a kind of new medium with flyash as major ingredient, its physicochemical property and existing substrate Different, this can produce certain impact to rhizospheric environment and Root Absorption, it is therefore desirable to which research and development are suitable for flyash ceramic Grain substrate culture nutrient solution prescription.New nutrient solution prescription, it is the special battalion for lytag substrate culture exploitation first Nutrient solution, realizes the supporting of substrate and nutritional solution first, and secondly it is divided into two parts of vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage, this It is the difference with other formula, embodies Features of Nutrient Absorption of the crop in different growth and development stages.
The lytag tomato cultivation result of the test of nutritional solution newly developed shows, lytag having property of substrate culture Can stable, convenient management, the features such as vine growth and development is normal, yield is high, fruit quality is good, and newly with nutrition can be taken into account The nutrient demand of trophophase and reproductive stage, is conducive to plant strain growth and development, desirably prevents the appearance of various nutritional deficiency diseases.
With flyash as raw material production lytag substrate, it is one of effective way in a large number using industrial residue, both Can be with pollution administration, again can be with energy saving and soil.Show according to document, lytag production cost is less than 50 yuan/ton, And the cost price of sandstone is currently exploited then far above 50 yuan/ton, therefore lytag is presently the most economic inorganic matrix One of, it is the not only economic but also soilless culture substrate strong to plant growing.The exploitation for increasing lytag are conducive to sending out Exhibition recycling economy and low-carbon economy, are conducive to improving the quality and benefits of economic growth, meet national industrial policies and substrate material The requirement of material innovation, with good economic benefit and social benefit.The exploitation of new nutritional solution, opens lytag Fructus Lycopersici esculenti Soilless culture gate, is that promotion and exemplary role are played in new cultivation matrix material production and industrial residue comprehensive utilization.
The present invention is had the following advantages relative to prior art and effect:
1. the present invention improves lytag as the utilization of cultivation matrix to preferably develop lytag Value, the present invention have carried out Fructus Lycopersici esculenti soilless culture test with Fructus Lycopersici esculenti to try material with lytag as cultivation matrix, it is intended to logical Analysis plant nutrient absorption characteristic and vine growth and development situation are crossed, the tomato nutrient formula of liquid of lytag cultivation is researched and developed, To seek utilization ways of the lytag in terms of garden crop production.
2. the present invention be directed to the soilless culture tomato nutrient formula of liquid of lytag substrate exploitation.
3. the nutrient solution prescription of the present invention is made up of vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage two parts, it is contemplated that Fructus Lycopersici esculenti crop In the Features of Nutrient Absorption of different growth and development stages, early stage formula lays particular emphasis on promotion plant vegetative growth, and later stage formula is then Lay particular emphasis on promotion Fruit and development.
4. ammonium nitrogen (NH in early stage formula4 +) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -) fertilizer uses cooperatively, rhizosphere pH is had certain Adjustment effect, you can effectively to hinder the rapid rising of unbalanced the brought early stage pH value of root system of plant Nutrient Absorption.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is lytag and its electron micrograph (SEM) figure;Pictorial diagrams of the wherein A for lytag, B For lytag electron micrograph figure.
Fig. 2 is lytag soilless culture Tomato Root System development figure.
Fig. 3 is Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag soilless culture liquid concentration auto result of the test figure;1/ is respectively from left to right wherein Korea's garden trial operation nutrient solution KHE treatment group of 2S, S, 3/2S concentration.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited In this.
Embodiment 1
The nutrient solution prescription of suitable Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate soiless cultivation is derived in the present invention, mainly including step:
(1) screen the nutrient solution prescription of suitable Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag soilless culture
In order to screen the nutritional solution of suitable Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag cultivation, for trying 4 kinds of nutritional solutions, i.e., Japanese mountain is rugged to agree to open The rugged nutritional solution in mountain, the KHR nutritional solutions of Korea's Horticultural Research Institute, the KHE nutritional solutions at Korea's gardening test site and the Dutch glasshouse sent out The PBG nutritional solutions of crop research institute, com-parison and analysis different nutrient formula is to lytag substrate (such as Figure 1A, Tu1BSuo Show) conductivity (EC), acid-base value (pH) change, Development of Tomato, yield and quality etc. affect.As a result show:Korea garden The using effect of trial operation nutrient solution (KHE) is best, and the rhizosphere EC value changes of the rugged nutritional solution in mountain and KHR nutritional solutions are larger, nutrition life Long-term bottom is to 0.4dSm-1Left and right, shows that nutrient supply concentration is far below absorption strength.Rhizosphere EC values, KHE and PBG on the whole Nutritional solution is more rugged than mountain and KHR nutritional solutions are high, and the rhizosphere EC values of 4 kinds of nutritional solutions low, the later stage height that shows early stage;And rhizosphere pH Value, then KHE and PBG nutritional solutions are more rugged than mountain and KHR nutritional solutions are relatively low, and 4 kinds of nutritional solutions show early stage height, later stage It is low.
(2) nutrient is determined with moisture absorbing ratio (n/w), and this is to determine Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag cultivation nutrient solution formula Main Basiss.In order to verify the composition and concentration of lytag tomato cultivation nutritional solution, to the Korea's garden trial operation nutrient solution selected (KHE, N-P-K-Ca-Mg=14-3-6-8-4), if three kinds of variable concentrations are processed, i.e. 1/2,1, the 3/2 of titer times liquid is carried out Test, and point vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage determine the absorption strength of each nutrient, that is, support moisture absorbing ratio (n/ w).As a result show, although plant nutrition absorption strength difference between each nutrient, on the whole, 1/2 times of liquid is processed supports Point absorption strength is bigger than supply liquid, and 3/2 times of liquid processes less than supply liquid, and 1 times of liquid is processed and worked as with supply liquid phase, it is taken as that 1 Times liquid processes suitable (result is as shown in Figure 3) to Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag Field test.Each nutrient in 1 times of liquid is processed Performance is also different, and N absorption strengths are low compared with supply liquid concentration in whole period of duration, and vegetative growth phase is 13.68meL-1, reproduction life It is 12.42meL for a long time-1, compare vegetative growth phase lower slightly 1meL-1.P absorption strengths almost do not become in whole period of duration Change, but 0.4meL high compared with supply liquid concentration-1.K absorption strengths relatively supply liquid height, vegetative growth phase high 0.5meL-1, reproduction The high 1.5meL of trophophase-1, it is seen that reproductive stage K demands substantially increase.Ca absorption strengths and supply liquid phase ratio, in nutrition Trophophase and reproductive stage reduce 1meL respectively-1And 2meL-1Left and right.Mg absorption strengths, compare supply liquid reproductive growth Phase reduces 0.5meL-1(being shown in Table 1).
The foster moisture absorbing ratio (n/w) of 1 Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag soilless culture of table
S:Korea's garden trial operation nutrient solution normal concentration, n:Absorb nutrient, w:Water absorption, a:Supply, b:Output, x:Supply Liquid concentration, y:Discharge liquor concentration, n/w (plant absorption concentration)=(ax-by)/(a-b), vegetative growth phase:It is colonized to Fructus Phyllanthi The tassel blossom phase.
Under normal cultivation condition, with plant nutrition and moisture absorbing ratio (i.e. Nutrient Absorption concentration) as Main Basiss, And with reference to situations such as mineral nutrient content and vine growth and development in plant body, analysis release suitable Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag without The new formula of nutritional solution of soil cultivation.
Foster moisture absorbing ratio (n/w) computing formula:
N/w=(ax-by)/(a-b)=(supply liquid nutrient-discharge liquor nutrient)/(nutritional solution supply-output)
=absorb nutrient (n)/water absorption (w)
(a:Supply, b:Output, x:Feed consistency, y:Discharge liquor concentration, w:Water absorption).
(3) Mineral Elements Content in blade and fruit is determined:The mineral nutrient concentration of blade and fruit is determined and is divided 1/2,1,3/2 times of liquid and vegetative growth phase, reproductive stage of Korea garden trial operation nutrient solution (KHE) is carried out, measurement result:1 times of liquid Not only in blade and fruit, nutrient content is higher, and the ratio of each nutrient is also relative coordinates.Reproductive stage N, P, K's In leaf, content is relative is reduced, and the content of Ca and Mg increases trend on the contrary.This is removable in plant body with each nutrient Property it is relevant, N, P, K are be easily moved in vivo, and Ca once by absorb fixation be difficult to move again, although Mg can be moved, leaf When interior accumulation is more than amount of movement to other positions, in leaf, content will increase.
(4) plant strain growth and volume analyses:3 concentration echelons are set to Korea's garden trial operation nutrient solution, i.e., 1/2,1,3/2 times of liquid enters Row experiment in cultivation, situations such as investigated plant strain growth and yield.As a result show:Growth increment and dry matter are in 1 times of liquid Highest, next to that the symptoms such as vein distortion, abnormal stem, occur in 1/2 times of liquid and 3/2 times of liquid in 3/2 times of liquid.Yield and single fruit weight are It is maximum in 1/2 times of liquid and 1 times of liquid, and in 3/2 times of liquid, compare 1 times of liquid and reduce 20% or so, fruit blossom-end rot sickness rate Relative increase 10% or so.And fruit pol and acidity then show the trend improved with the increase of nutrient solution concentration.Examine Consider the factors such as plant strain growth, yield and quality, it is believed that 1 times of liquid is more suitable concentration.
(5) measure of rhizosphere conductivity (EC) and acid-base value (pH):Measurement result, whole period of duration when being cultivated with titer Rhizosphere EC change in 1.6-3.2dSm-1Between, pH changes between 4.7-6.9.Think that EC changes also in zone of reasonableness Within, with respect to stable, although pH value early stage is higher, and late growth stage is low, also within controlled range.Most of crop comes Say, pH growth promoter under the solutions of weak acidity of 5.5-6.5 is good.
In sum, Korea garden trial operation nutrient solution (1 times of liquid) be in above-mentioned experiment lytag Fructus Lycopersici esculenti soilless culture compared with Excellent nutrient solution prescription, the development of lytag soilless culture Tomato Root System are normal (as shown in Figure 2).Therefore, with Korea's garden trial operation The N of the foster moisture absorbing ratio (n/w) measured by Liquid cultivation, i.e. vegetative growth phase (field planting is to Fructus Phyllanthi tassel blossom) 13.68, P 3.44, K 6.62, Ca 6.85, Mg 4.18meL-1With the N 12.42 of reproductive stage, P 3.40, K 7.41, Ca 6.09, Mg 3.67meL-1For Main Basiss (being shown in Table 1), send out with reference to the mineral nutrient content and plant strain growth in plant body Situations such as educating, finally releases the nutrient solution prescription (be shown in Table 2 and table 3) of suitable Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag soilless culture.
2 Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag soilless culture nutrient fluid formula (LTF, a great number of elements) of table
LTF:Li’s Nutrient solution for Tomato culture in Fly ash ceramisite.
The main feature of this formula:
1. for the soilless culture tomato nutrient formula of liquid of lytag substrate exploitation.
2. nutrient solution prescription is made up of vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage two parts, it is contemplated that Fructus Lycopersici esculenti crop is in not syngenesis The Features of Nutrient Absorption of long stage of development, early stage formula lay particular emphasis on promotion plant vegetative growth, and later stage formula then lays particular emphasis on rush Enter Fruit and development.
3. ammonium nitrogen (NH in early stage formula4 +) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -) fertilizer uses cooperatively, rhizosphere pH is had certain Adjustment effect, you can effectively to hinder the rapid rising of unbalanced the brought early stage pH value of root system of plant Nutrient Absorption.
3 Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag soilless culture nutrient fluid formula (LTF) of table
Note:Vegetative growth phase is field planting to the Fructus Phyllanthi tassel blossom phase.
It is available for the nutrient solution prescription of soilless culture many so far, can typically makes crop normal growth, but respective application Effect is all not quite alike.Lytag is a kind of new medium with flyash as major ingredient, its physicochemical property and existing substrate Different, this can produce certain impact to rhizospheric environment and Root Absorption, it is therefore desirable to which research and development are suitable for flyash ceramic Grain substrate culture nutrient solution prescription.New nutrient solution prescription, it is the special battalion for lytag substrate culture exploitation first Nutrient solution, realizes the supporting of substrate and nutritional solution first, and secondly it is divided into two parts of vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage, this It is the difference with other formula, embodies Features of Nutrient Absorption of the crop in different growth and development stages.
The lytag tomato cultivation result of the test of nutritional solution newly developed shows, lytag having property of substrate culture Can stable, convenient management, the features such as vine growth and development is normal, yield is high, fruit quality is good, and newly with nutrition can be taken into account The nutrient demand of trophophase and reproductive stage, is conducive to plant strain growth and development, desirably prevents the appearance of various nutritional deficiency diseases.
With flyash as raw material production lytag substrate, it is one of effective way in a large number using industrial residue, both Can be with pollution administration, again can be with energy saving and soil.Show according to document, lytag production cost is less than 50 yuan/ton, And the cost price of sandstone is currently exploited then far above 50 yuan/ton, therefore lytag is presently the most economic inorganic matrix One of, it is the not only economic but also soilless culture substrate strong to plant growing.The exploitation for increasing lytag are conducive to sending out Exhibition recycling economy and low-carbon economy, are conducive to improving the quality and benefits of economic growth, meet national industrial policies and substrate material The requirement of material innovation, with good economic benefit and social benefit.The exploitation of new nutritional solution, opens lytag Fructus Lycopersici esculenti Soilless culture gate, is that promotion and exemplary role are played in new cultivation matrix material production and industrial residue comprehensive utilization.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention not by above-described embodiment Limit, other any spirit without departing from the present invention and the change, modification, replacement made under principle, combine, simplification, Equivalent substitute mode is should be, is included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate soiless cultivation nutritional solution, it is characterised in that:Including vegetative growth phase soilless culture Nutritional solution and reproductive stage soilless culture nutrient fluid, two parts nutritional solution is respectively in Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate without soil cultivation The vegetative growth phase of training and reproductive stage stage use:
Described vegetative growth phase soilless culture nutrient fluid, is nutritional solution of the water as solvent, 1 liter of vegetative growth phase soilless culture Nutritional solution includes the component of following quality:
Described reproductive stage soilless culture nutrient fluid, is nutritional solution of the water as solvent, 1 liter of reproductive stage soilless culture Nutritional solution includes the component of following quality:
2. Fructus Lycopersici esculenti lytag substrate soiless cultivation nutritional solution according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described kind Eggplant vegetative growth phase is to be colonized to Fructus Phyllanthi tassel blossom from Fructus Lycopersici esculenti.
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CN111018591A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-17 北京市农业技术推广站 Nutrient solution for long-season cultivation of cherry tomatoes
CN111018592A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-17 北京市农业技术推广站 Nutrient solution for long-season tomato cultivation

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