CN103609381B - Method for cultivating improved Jizui litchi seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating improved Jizui litchi seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN103609381B CN103609381B CN201310576185.6A CN201310576185A CN103609381B CN 103609381 B CN103609381 B CN 103609381B CN 201310576185 A CN201310576185 A CN 201310576185A CN 103609381 B CN103609381 B CN 103609381B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating improved Jizui litchi seedlings. The method includes the steps of drought resistance domestication, seedling culture, grafting, land selection, moisture supplement, top dressing, trunk pest control and weeding. Litchis are poor in drought resistance, drought resistance of the litchis can be enhanced by repeated drought resistance domestication, and survival rate and growth rate of the Jizui litchis can be increased by means of reasonable seedling culture, grating and trunk pest control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, particularly relate to a kind of method of chicken mouth lichee seedling of cultivating fine seed strains.
Background technology
Lichee, aiphyllium, height is no more than 10 meters usually, sometimes can reach 15 meters or higher, bark grey black; Sprig is cylindric, maroon, the white hole skin of close life, and fruit oval is to subsphaeroidal, and long 2 ~ 3.5 centimetres, time ripe, usual kermesinus is to cerise, and seed is all wrapped up by meat arillus, spring at florescence, really summer phase.Culture kind is a lot, as Ji Zui, March is red, round rod, beautiful pocket, black leaf, Huaihe River branch, hang green, glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves, high quality Shaoxing wine, Chen Zi, Lan Zhu, clovershrub, nanmu leaf, osmanthus taste, crystal ball, cv. Feizixiao etc., lichee is compared with other fruit, very high to requirement for environmental conditions, particularly to the requirement of moisture, do not reach the requirement of moisture, drought-resistant ability is poor, survival rate is very low, excess moisture, Litchi chinensis Seeds is caused to rot, existing chicken mouth culture method is in nursery in addition, grafting and maintenance process manage unreasonable, cause survival rate low, growth rate is slow, grow uneven.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of chicken mouth lichee seedling of cultivating fine seed strains, in order to solve the problem existing for background technology, its step is as follows:
1) drought resisting domestication
At 1.1 sowing initial stages, seedling bed is fully watered, ensure that seed can be sprouted and seedling primary growth;
According to water stress degree quantitative water supply after 1.2 1 weeks, reach 50% of field capacity, durations is 20 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.3, after two weeks according to water stress degree quantitative water supply, reaches 45% of field capacity, and durations is 40 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.4, according to water stress degree quantitative water supply after three weeks, reaches 40% of field capacity, and durations is 60 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
2) nursery
After the lichee maturation of 2.1 plant selected after 1.4 steps, gather, remove pulp;
2.2 vernalization
1 part of seed is added 2 ~ 3 parts of wet sand, after Homogeneous phase mixing, pile 30 ~ 40cm, surface plastic film capping moisturizing, treats that seed base-root exposes, can take out.
3) grafting
3.1 select the stock variety that scion variety affinity is strong;
3.2 in grafting first 10 days, single-dose application is carried out to stock and pours water;
3.3 until the seedling of 2.2 steps is dry grow to 0.8cm rugosity time, just can grafting, look for more fresh and tender position to operate on during grafting, connect rear film bundling, wrapping is wanted closely, gas impermeable.Second day, through film, just can see by the globule of wrapping position cohesion, grafting success.
4) soil is selected
Selection soil is fertile, and soil layer is deep, is rich in organic subacidity soil, every mu of 20 ~ 30 strains;
5) maintenance process
5.1 moisture supplement
Ensure that the soil layer 5 ~ 10mm in sowing region is moistening
5.2 topdress
Chicken mouth lichee is based on soil application, be aided with spray leaf fertilizer, soil is fertile in nitrogen, and phosphorus, potassium coordinate, nitrogen amount of application accounts for annual fertilizing amount 45% ~ 55%, phosphorus, potassium account for 30% ~ 40%, and spray leaf fertilizer is 0.3% ~ 0.4% urea, 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03% ~ 0.06% compound nucleotide, 0.05% ~ 0.15% boric acid, 0.02% ~ 0.08% borax, 0.3% ~ 0.7% magnesium sulfate;
5.3 anti-trunk insect pests
With the copper sulphate that lime steeped, spread upon from ground to 80cm on height trunk, then have the cotton of beta-cypermethrin with elongated awl invading bubble, fill in the worm hole on trunk and branch.
5.4 cut weeds
Annual weeding 3 times, first time carries out in conjunction with fertilising before fruit picking or after fruit picking, can inspire young sprout, accelerate tree vigo(u)r recovery, shallow plowing 10 ~ 15cm; Second time is carried out after autumn growth is aging, deep ploughing 15 ~ 20cm, with cut-off parts Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry, minimizing root mass water absorbing capacity, is beneficial to and suppresses the winter tip to be sprouted; Third time about carries out before flowering for one month, deep ploughing 10cm.
Preferred version is: grafting method is for cutting abdomen grafting.
Preferred version is: stock selects Huaihe River branch.
Preferred version is: farmyard manure selected by soil fertilizer.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: lichee drought-resistant ability is strong, and seed antiseptic power is strong, and not perishable, survival rate is high, fast growth and fruiting rate high.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
1) drought resisting domestication
At 1.1 sowing initial stages, seedling bed is fully watered, ensure that seed can be sprouted and seedling primary growth;
According to water stress degree quantitative water supply after 1.2 1 weeks, reach 50% of field capacity, durations is 20 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.3, after two weeks according to water stress degree quantitative water supply, reaches 45% of field capacity, and durations is 40 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.4, according to water stress degree quantitative water supply after three weeks, reaches 40% of field capacity, and durations is 60 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
2) nursery
After the lichee maturation of 2.1 plant selected after 1.4 steps, gather, remove pulp;
2.2 vernalization
1 part of seed is added 2 parts of wet sand, after Homogeneous phase mixing, pile 30cm, surface plastic film capping moisturizing, treats that seed base-root exposes, can take out.
3) grafting
3.1 select the stock variety that scion variety affinity is strong, can select Huaihe River branch;
3.2 in grafting first 10 days, single-dose application is carried out to stock and pours water;
3.3 until the seedling of 2.2 steps is dry grow to 0.8cm rugosity time, just can grafting, grafting method, for cutting abdomen grafting, is looked for more fresh and tender position to operate on, is connect rear film bundling during grafting, wrapping is wanted closely, gas impermeable.Second day, through film, just can see by the globule of wrapping position cohesion, grafting success.
4) soil is selected
Selection soil is fertile, and soil layer is deep, is rich in organic subacidity soil, every mu of 20 strains;
5) maintenance process
5.1 moisture supplement
Ensure that the soil layer 5mm in sowing region is moistening
5.2 topdress
Chicken mouth lichee, based on soil application, is aided with spray leaf fertilizer, and soil is fertile in nitrogen, and phosphorus, potassium coordinate, and nitrogen amount of application accounts for annual fertilizing amount 45%, and phosphorus, potassium account for 30%, and farmyard manure selected by soil fertilizer; Spray leaf fertilizer is 0.3% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03% compound nucleotide, 0.05% boric acid, 0.02% borax, 0.3% magnesium sulfate;
5.3 anti-trunk insect pests
With the copper sulphate that lime steeped, spread upon from ground to 80cm on height trunk, then have the cotton of beta-cypermethrin with elongated awl invading bubble, fill in the worm hole on trunk and branch.
5.4 cut weeds
Annual weeding 3 times, first time carries out in conjunction with fertilising before fruit picking or after fruit picking, can inspire young sprout, accelerate tree vigo(u)r recovery, shallow plowing 10cm; Second time is carried out after autumn growth is aging, deep ploughing 15cm, with cut-off parts Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry, minimizing root mass water absorbing capacity, is beneficial to and suppresses the winter tip to be sprouted; Third time about carries out before flowering for one month, deep ploughing 10cm.
Adopt the method, the culture method that the survival rate of chicken mouth lichee plant is more traditional improves 23.68%, and the culture method that the degree of advance of vernalization is more traditional improves 9.82%, and the culture method that growth rate is more traditional improves 8.58%.
Embodiment 2
1) drought resisting domestication
At 1.1 sowing initial stages, seedling bed is fully watered, ensure that seed can be sprouted and seedling primary growth;
According to water stress degree quantitative water supply after 1.2 1 weeks, reach 50% of field capacity, durations is 20 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.3, after two weeks according to water stress degree quantitative water supply, reaches 45% of field capacity, and durations is 40 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.4, according to water stress degree quantitative water supply after three weeks, reaches 40% of field capacity, and durations is 60 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
2) nursery
After the lichee maturation of 2.1 plant selected after 1.4 steps, gather, remove pulp;
2.2 vernalization
1 part of seed is added 3 parts of wet sand, after Homogeneous phase mixing, pile 40cm, surface plastic film capping moisturizing, treats that seed base-root exposes, can take out.
3) grafting
3.1 select the stock variety that scion variety affinity is strong;
3.2 in grafting first 10 days, single-dose application is carried out to stock and pours water;
3.3 until the seedling of 2.2 steps is dry grow to 0.8cm rugosity time, just can grafting, look for more fresh and tender position to operate on during grafting, connect rear film bundling, wrapping is wanted closely, gas impermeable.Second day, through film, just can see by the globule of wrapping position cohesion, grafting success.
4) soil is selected
Selection soil is fertile, and soil layer is deep, is rich in organic subacidity soil, every mu of 30 strains;
5) maintenance process
5.1 moisture supplement
Ensure that the soil layer 10mm in sowing region is moistening
5.2 topdress
Lichee is based on soil application, be aided with spray leaf fertilizer, soil is fertile in nitrogen, and phosphorus, potassium coordinate, nitrogen amount of application accounts for annual fertilizing amount 55%, phosphorus, potassium account for 40%, and spray leaf fertilizer is 0.4% urea, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.06% compound nucleotide, 0.15% boric acid, 0.08% borax, 0.7% magnesium sulfate;
5.3 anti-trunk insect pests
With the copper sulphate that lime steeped, spread upon from ground to 80cm on height trunk, then have the cotton of beta-cypermethrin with elongated awl invading bubble, fill in the worm hole on trunk and branch.
5.4 cut weeds
Annual weeding 3 times, first time carries out in conjunction with fertilising before fruit picking or after fruit picking, can inspire young sprout, accelerate tree vigo(u)r recovery, shallow plowing 15cm; Second time is carried out after autumn growth is aging, deep ploughing 20cm, with cut-off parts Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry, minimizing root mass water absorbing capacity, is beneficial to and suppresses the winter tip to be sprouted; Third time about carries out before flowering for one month, deep ploughing 10cm.
Adopt the method, the culture method that the survival rate of chicken mouth lichee plant is more traditional improves 25.12%, and the cultivation method that the degree of advance of vernalization is more traditional improves 10.12%, and the culture method that growth rate is more traditional improves 9.38%.
Claims (4)
1. to cultivate fine seed strains the method for chicken mouth lichee seedling, it is characterized in that, comprising:
1) drought resisting domestication
At 1.1 sowing initial stages, seedling bed is fully watered, ensure that seed can be sprouted and seedling primary growth;
According to water stress degree quantitative water supply after 1.2 1 weeks, reach 50% of field capacity, durations is 20 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.3, after two weeks according to water stress degree quantitative water supply, reaches 45% of field capacity, and durations is 40 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
The plant of taking-up is fully watered by 1.4, according to water stress degree quantitative water supply after three weeks, reaches 40% of field capacity, and durations is 60 days, takes out the plant grown fine;
2) nursery
After the lichee maturation of 2.1 plant selected after 1.4 steps, gather, remove pulp;
2.2 vernalization
1 part of seed is added 2 ~ 3 parts of wet sand, after Homogeneous phase mixing, pile 30 ~ 40cm, surface plastic film capping moisturizing, treats that seed base-root exposes, can take out;
3) grafting
3.1 select the stock variety that scion variety affinity is strong;
3.2 in grafting first 10 days, single-dose application is carried out to stock and pours water;
3.3 until the seedling of 2.2 steps is dry grow to 0.8cm rugosity time, just can grafting, look for more fresh and tender position to operate on during grafting, connect rear film bundling, wrapping is wanted closely, gas impermeable, second day, through film, just can see by the globule of wrapping position cohesion, grafting success;
4) soil is selected
Selection soil is fertile, and soil layer is deep, is rich in organic subacidity soil, every mu of 20 ~ 30 strains;
5) maintenance process
5.1 moisture supplement
Ensure that the soil layer 5 ~ 10mm in sowing region is moistening
5.2 topdress
Chicken mouth lichee is based on soil application, be aided with spray leaf fertilizer, soil is fertile in nitrogen, and phosphorus, potassium coordinate, nitrogen amount of application accounts for annual fertilizing amount 45% ~ 55%, phosphorus, potassium account for 30% ~ 40%, and spray leaf fertilizer is 0.3% ~ 0.4% urea, 0.3% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03% ~ 0.06% compound nucleotide, 0.05% ~ 0.15% boric acid, 0.02% ~ 0.08% borax, 0.3% ~ 0.7% magnesium sulfate;
5.3 anti-trunk insect pests
With the copper sulphate that lime steeped, spread upon on the trunk of height from ground to 80cm, then with elongated awl the cotton immersed with beta-cypermethrin, fill in the worm hole on trunk and branch;
5.4 cut weeds
Annual weeding 3 times, first time carries out in conjunction with fertilising before fruit picking or after fruit picking, can inspire young sprout, accelerate tree vigo(u)r recovery, shallow plowing 10 ~ 15cm; Second time is carried out after autumn growth is aging, deep ploughing 15 ~ 20cm, with cut-off parts Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry, minimizing root mass water absorbing capacity, is beneficial to and suppresses the winter tip to be sprouted; Third time about carries out before flowering for one month, deep ploughing 10cm.
2. the method for chicken mouth lichee seedling of cultivating fine seed strains according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, grafting method is for cutting abdomen grafting.
3. the method for chicken mouth lichee seedling of cultivating fine seed strains according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, stock selects Huaihe River branch.
4. the method for chicken mouth lichee seedling of cultivating fine seed strains according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, farmyard manure selected by soil fertilizer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310576185.6A CN103609381B (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | Method for cultivating improved Jizui litchi seedlings |
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| CN201310576185.6A CN103609381B (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2013-11-18 | Method for cultivating improved Jizui litchi seedlings |
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| CN103609381B true CN103609381B (en) | 2015-04-01 |
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| CN105075767B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2018-01-02 | 中国热带农业科学院海口实验站 | A kind of implantation methods for promoting mangosteen to bloom |
| CN104126426B (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-05-11 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of many stock graftings of chicken mouth lichee method |
| CN104186216B (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-05-11 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of chicken mouth lichee is downgraded dense planting and is early tied cultural method |
| CN104186267B (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-05-11 | 北海市东雨农业科技有限公司 | A kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method |
| CN104381058A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-03-04 | 长沙果正生态农业科技开发有限公司 | Trunk-protection water-retention nursery method after tree transplanting |
| CN104396413B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-03-30 | 吴洁远 | A kind of fertilizing method of chicken mouth lichee |
| CN104838760B (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-02 | 合浦县公馆镇香山村马拉坡鸡嘴荔枝农民专业合作社 | A kind of method preventing chicken mouth Fructus Litchi dehiscent fruit |
| CN104920077A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 吴迪 | High-survival-rate litchi tree grafting method |
| CN106106005A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-11-16 | 蒋丽红 | A kind of cultural method of Longan Seedlings |
| CN106386329A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 杨胜 | High-yield early-fruiting cultivation method for Jizui litchi |
| CN106508571A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 韦绍华 | Cultivation method for litchi seedlings |
| CN106613650A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-10 | 盈江县富民红荔枝种植专业合作社 | Planting method for increasing yield of late-maturing litchis |
| CN106900447A (en) * | 2017-01-14 | 2017-06-30 | 陆川县钰荣种养专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of lichee |
| CN107466566A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-12-15 | 广西桂平市石龙镇江夏种养专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of selenium-rich lichee seedling |
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2013
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Effective date of registration: 20190102 Address after: 530007 Unit 505, Building 7, Xijian Waterfront, No. 2 Xiangsi Lake East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee after: Nanning Wanda Agricultural Co.,Ltd. Address before: 530021 Shangdu 0514, 7th Century, Jinpu Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee before: GUANGXI RUIYA TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Effective date of registration: 20190102 Address after: 530021 Shangdu 0514, 7th Century, Jinpu Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee after: GUANGXI RUIYA TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Address before: 536007 No. 401 Xianghe Building, 43 Beijing Road, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee before: BEIHAI DONGYU AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. |
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Granted publication date: 20150401 Termination date: 20191118 |