CN104186267B - A kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method - Google Patents

A kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method Download PDF

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CN104186267B
CN104186267B CN201410486098.6A CN201410486098A CN104186267B CN 104186267 B CN104186267 B CN 104186267B CN 201410486098 A CN201410486098 A CN 201410486098A CN 104186267 B CN104186267 B CN 104186267B
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fruit
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flower
chicken mouth
high yield
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CN104186267A (en
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朱雨
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BEIHAI DONGYU AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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BEIHAI DONGYU AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, belong to culture technical field. comprise the female branch of cultivation results, short flower of control winter, flower and fruit protecting, parasitosis control, particularly, by retting fish scale, fish head, shrimp head, the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of crab shell and egg shell, rationally apply fruit picking fertilizer, short fertilizers for potted flowers and fruit-promoting fertilizer, cultivate when autumn growth proper extension sunshine, when the control winter tip, shorten sunshine, in spiral band girdle process, smear Aloe Vera Gel and cover preservative film, different times carries out different foliage spraies, spray different pesticide control disease and pests etc., whole inventive method step is simple, easy to operate, ensure the quantity of next year bearing basal shoot, make chicken mouth lichee tree vigo(u)r strong, mellow fruit is large, good year production, improve economic benefit.

Description

A kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method
Technical field
The invention belongs to and relate to a kind of culture method, the stable high yield of a kind of chicken mouth of special design lichee is plantedCulture method, belongs to culture technical field.
Background technology
Lichee (formal name used at school: LitchichinensisSonn.) is Sapindaceae lichee platymiscium, because of its fruitLovely luster, fine and tender taste succulence, fragrant and sweet good to eat and enjoy great prestige China and foreign countries are the important subtropical fruits of ChinaOne of. Being of high nutritive value of litchi pulp, every 100g fruit juice always containing vitamin C 36mg, protein 0.7g,Fat 0.6g, carbohydrate 14g, produce heat energy 267.7760 kilojoules. The traditional Chinese medical science is thought, the acid of lichee taste,Property flat temperature partially, have promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, the effect such as benefiting qi and nourishing blood, regulating qi-flowing for relieving pain, especially to body void after being ill,The diseases such as insufficiency of vital energy and blood, epigastric distending pain, deficiency of stomach-Yin and thirsty and dry pharynx, have magical medical care effect.Therefore among the peoplely often use using lichee as medication tonic.
In all Litchi Varieties, chicken mouth lichee is gained the name like Ji Zui because its core is little, because its fruit is large, core is little,Meat is thick, sugariness is high and have promotion prospect widely. Chicken mouth lichee, the askew heart of fruit or oblateness,Greatly, 29.5 grams of mean fruit weights, size is more even. Pericarp kermesinus, fruit pushes up perfectly round, and fruit is takeed on flat or oneTake on micro-alarmming. Pericarp is thin and tough, pulp wax, and pulp is thick, and meat is sharp and clear, and fruit juice is medium many, local flavorFresh and sweet, micro-perfume (or spice), edible part account for full fruit heavy 79.3%, seed small nut rate is higher, quality is first-class, isThe Litchi Varieties of the famous-brand and high-quality preciousness in Guangxi.
But due to bad weather impact, seedling quality is inferior, soil is barren, cultivation management not science andThe serious many reasons that waits of sick worm harm, causes lichee low yield.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, by the female branch of cultivation results, controlWinter is urged the technology such as flower, flower and fruit protecting, parasitosis control, make that chicken mouth lichee tree vigo(u)r is strong, mellow fruit is large,Good year production, has improved economic benefit.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) the female branch of cultivation results:
First 15~20 days of A, fruit picking, in tree crown drip, uproot the annular groove of dark 30~40cm, buriesEnter fruit picking front fertile;
Timely cutting back result branch tip after B, fruit picking, wipes out the sick branch of chicken mouth lichee plant, the branch that intersectsWith weak branch, the shady branch in cutting back top, ensures that described chicken mouth lichee plant is umbrella-shaped structure, have no result branch less than40%, retain 4~6 compound leaves; After fruit picking 7~10 days, imbed after fruit picking fertile;
C, in the time that autumn growth grows to 10~15cm for the first time, retain 3~5, erase unnecessary young sprout bud, leafFace foliage top dressing, that sprays 1~2 peanut press pulp, urea and potassium chloride is watered solution;
D, until autumn growth for the first time turn completely green after, every branch retains 2~3, erases unnecessary young sprout bud,Every 7~10 days blade face trickles once;
E, during every day 3~9 and 16~21 points, adopt the light-illuminating that wavelength is 400~700nm,Illumination is 1500 lumens, is aided with light music between illumination period;
(2) short flower of control winter:
F, after autumn growth is for the second time completely aging, in tree crown drip, uproot the soil of dark 20~30cmEarth, digs and is completely cured, and tans by the sun to the micro-Huang of treetop;
G, near spiral band girdle on the chicken mouth litchi trunk of ground 10~15cm, band girdle width is0.5~1.0cm, the number of turns is 2~3 circles, pitch is 3~5cm, and covers after absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed at band girdle placeOne deck Aloe Vera Gel;
H, in the whole growth period of plant, every 8~12 days to blade spray the basic element of cell division be watered solution,Spray 3~4 times;
I, control during the winter tip point every day 15 to next day 10, adopt the light tight cloth of black to hide chicken mouth licheeTree trunk;
(3) flower and fruit protecting:
J, in flower fringe pumping process, flower spike length, the large lichee of flower amount are carried out to short flower or flower thinning, root chases after outwardFertilizer, with urea, borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate be watered spray solution early blossoming fringe, manual removal spends fringe leaflet,After rain, shake tree, ponding and petal shake; Honeybee is put in full-bloom stage reinforcement orchard, sprays every three days pollen liquid;
K, bloom before 15~20 days, in tree crown drip, uproot the soil of dark 20~30cm, applyShort fertilizers for potted flowers;
L, blossom fall, after 10~15 days, in tree crown drip, apply fruit-promoting fertilizer, and foliage top dressing, spraySpill compound nucleotides, and replenish the calcium in conjunction with spray Bordeaux mixture blade face;
(4) parasitosis control:
M, release anstatus, trichogramma dendrolimi, winter, ground sprayed resin soap emulsifiable concentrate, early or mid MarchSpray 700~800 times of liquid control stinkbug silk worms of metrifonate, the flower fringe phase sprays for 600~700 times of liquid of zinc, after blossom fallSprayed pyrethrin pesticide control leaf roller, little hairstreak every 10~15 days;
N, in the time that peronospora tabacina occurs, bud stage and fruitlet phase spray 800~1000 times of liquid of metalaxyl; ?When anthracnose occurs, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, sprays 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
Preferably, in described chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, before described fruit picking fertilizer be fish scale,The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of fish head, shrimp head, crab shell and egg shell retting adds urea and potassium chloride; Fertile after described fruit pickingFor urea, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate; Applying method is first 15~20 days of fruit picking, tree crown drip withIn, uproot the annular groove of dark 30~40cm, imbed before fruit picking fertilely, banket to apart from ground 5-10cm, after fruit picking7~10 days, fertile after annular groove is imbedded fruit picking, earthing.
Preferably, in described chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, described short fertilizers for potted flowers be urea,Potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate, applying method also comprises that earthing is to the 5-10cm that is above the ground level, at tree crown dripWith interior white lime and the dietary alkali of applying.
Preferably, in described chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, the side of applying of described fruit-promoting fertilizerMethod is blossom fall after 10~15 days, in tree crown drip, uproots the annular groove of dark 30~40cm, imbeds fishThe fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of squama, fish head, shrimp head, crab shell and egg shell retting, bankets to apart from ground 5-10cm, buriesEnter urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earthing.
Preferably, in described chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, pollen liquid is that 1 part of boric acid adds20 times of male pollens add the mixed liquor of 10000 times of water.
Preferably, in described chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, in described spiral band girdle process,The Aloe Vera Gel thickness covering is 2-3mm, and width is advisable to cover otch, also comprises that being wound around layer of transparent protectsFresh film.
Preferably, in described chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, in short flower step of described control winter,Dig after being completely cured and within 6-8 days, carry out spiral band girdle again, band girdle otch moves 5-8cm on year by year.
Preferably, in described chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, described chicken mouth litchi is 5Year above, the bear fruit bearing-age tree of 40-60 kilogram every year.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The first, the female branch of cultivation results adopts the light-illuminating autumn growth of wavelength 400~700nm, illumination period sooner or laterBetween be aided with light music, extend the sunshine-duration, the function that collocation light and sound wake plant itself up promotes photosynthetic workWith accumulation nutrient, cultivate thick and strong autumn growth;
The second, spiral band girdle litchi trunk, spraying low-boiling absolute ethyl alcohol at band girdle place can disappear fastPoison is also air-dry, covers one deck Aloe Vera Gel, and otch deep layer is sterilized, sealed and solidify, on Aloe Vera Gel top layerCover layer of transparent performance film, both can ensure solar radiation bactericidal action, can also ensure Aloe Vera Gel pairTree body root provides protection;
Three, during the control winter tip, adopt the light tight cloth of black to hide chicken mouth litchi trunk afternoon, stops lightCooperation use, suppresses the winter tip and sprouts;
Four, fruit picking fertilizer, taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main, uses fish scale, fish head, shrimp head, crab shell to become with egg shell rettingThe fertilizer nutrient that becomes thoroughly decomposed comprehensive, fertile before annular groove is first imbedded containing the fruit picking of fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed, promote fruitAfter maturation, after fruit picking, imbed again after fruit picking fertilely, to recovering tree vigo(u)r, inspire autumn growth, cultivate healthy and strong resultFemale branch plays very large facilitation;
Five, short fertilizers for potted flowers, taking phosphorus, potash fertilizer as main, coordinates nitrogenous fertilizer to use, and can make floral organ divide absorption nutrient,Short bud, male flower and female flower are healthy and strong, can improve Pollination Fertilization rate, apply ripe stone in tree crown dripAsh and dietary alkali, promote into flower, improve percentage of fertile fruit;
Six, fruit-promoting fertilizer, taking potash fertilizer as main, is first imbedded the comprehensive fish scale of nutrient, fish head, shrimp head, crab shellThe fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed becoming with egg shell retting, then imbed urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate,Supplement in time the nutrient consumption while blooming, fruit retention, strong fruit, promote quality;
Seven, the boric acid of low concentration can promote pollen germination, and high concentration suppresses pollen germination, uses male pollenPrepare pollen liquid with boric acid with certain proportion, improve pollen liquid vigor and accelerate aging;
Eight, dig to be completely cured and suppressed water suction, do not have water just can not extract tip bud out, after spiral band girdle byNian Shangyi, promotes healing to wound.
The present invention is by the female branch of rational cultivation results, short flower of control winter, flower and fruit protecting, parasitosis control, stepSuddenly simple, easy to operate, ensure next year bearing basal shoot quantity, make chicken mouth lichee tree vigo(u)r strong, becomeRipe fruit is large, good year production, has improved economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, is applicable to the 40-60 public affairs of bearing fruit more than 5 years, every yearThe bearing-age tree of jin, comprises the following steps:
(1) the female branch of cultivation results:
First 15~20 days of A, fruit picking, in tree crown drip, uproot the annular groove of dark 30~40cm, buriesEnter fruit picking front fertile; Banket to apart from ground 5-10cm; Before described fruit picking, fertilizer is fish scale, fish head, shrimp head, crabThe fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of shell and egg shell retting adds urea and potassium chloride;
Timely cutting back result branch tip after B, fruit picking, wipes out the sick branch of chicken mouth lichee plant, the branch that intersectsWith weak branch, the shady branch in cutting back top, ensures that described chicken mouth lichee plant is umbrella-shaped structure, have no result branch less than40%, retain 4~6 compound leaves; After fruit picking 7~10 days, imbed after fruit picking fertile, earthing; After described fruit pickingFertilizer is urea, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate;
Fruit picking fertilizer is taking nitrogenous fertilizer as main, with fish scale, fish head, shrimp head, crab shell and becoming thoroughly decomposed that egg shell retting becomesFertilizer nutrient is comprehensive, fertile before annular groove is first imbedded containing the fruit picking of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and promotes the last one-tenth of fruitRipe, after fruit picking, imbed again after fruit picking fertilely, to recovering tree vigo(u)r, inspire autumn growth, cultivate healthy and strong bearing basal shoot and riseVery large facilitation;
C, in the time that autumn growth grows to 10~15cm for the first time, retain 3~5, erase unnecessary young sprout bud, leafFace foliage top dressing, that sprays 1~2 peanut press pulp, urea and potassium chloride is watered solution;
D, until autumn growth for the first time turn completely green after, every branch retains 2~3, erases unnecessary young sprout bud,Every 7~10 days blade face trickles once;
E, during every day 3~9 and 16~21 points, adopt the light-illuminating that wavelength is 400~700nm,Illumination is 1500 lumens, is aided with light music between illumination period, extends the sunshine-duration, and collocation light and sound wake up plantsThe function of thing itself promotes photosynthesis accumulation nutrient, cultivates thick and strong autumn growth;
(2) short flower of control winter:
F, after autumn growth is for the second time completely aging, in tree crown drip, uproot the soil of dark 20~30cmEarth, digs and is completely cured, and digging is completely cured has suppressed water suction, does not have water just can not extract tip bud out, tans by the sun to treeThe micro-Huang of the tip;
G, dig after being completely cured and within 6-8 days, carry out again spiral band girdle, at the chicken mouth litchi near ground 10~15cmSpiral band girdle on branch tree trunk, band girdle width is 0.5~1.0cm, and the number of turns is 2~3 circles, and pitch is 3~5cm,And spray absolute ethyl alcohol Quick disinfection air-dry at band girdle place, then cover the reed that a layer thickness is 2-3mmLuxuriant growth glue, sterilizes, seals and solidify otch deep layer, and width is advisable to cover otch, also comprises and is wound around oneThe transparent preservative film of layer, ensures solar radiation bactericidal action, can also ensure that Aloe Vera Gel provides tree body rootProtection, band girdle otch moves 5-8cm on year by year, and wound is promoted to healing;
H, in the whole growth period of plant, every 8~12 days to blade spray the basic element of cell division be watered solution,Spray 3~4 times;
I, control during the winter tip point every day 15 to next day 10, adopt the light tight cloth of black to hide chicken mouth licheeTree trunk, stops photosynthesis, suppresses the winter tip and sprouts;
(3) flower and fruit protecting:
J, in flower fringe pumping process, flower spike length, the large lichee of flower amount are carried out to short flower or flower thinning, root chases after outwardFertilizer, with urea, borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate be watered spray solution early blossoming fringe, manual removal spends fringe leaflet,After rain, shake tree, ponding and petal shake; Honeybee is put in full-bloom stage reinforcement orchard, sprays every three days pollen liquid;Pollen liquid is that 1 part of boric acid adds the mixed liquor that 20 times of male pollens add 10000 times of water; The boric acid of low concentration can be urgedEnter pollen germination, high concentration suppresses pollen germination, prepares pollen liquid with male pollen and boric acid with certain proportion,Improving pollen liquid vigor accelerates aging;
K, bloom before 15~20 days, in tree crown drip, uproot the soil of dark 20~30cm, applyShort fertilizers for potted flowers; Short fertilizers for potted flowers, taking phosphorus, potash fertilizer as main, coordinates nitrogenous fertilizer to use, and can make floral organ divide absorption nutrient,Short bud, male flower and female flower are healthy and strong, can improve Pollination Fertilization rate; In tree crown drip, apply ripe stoneAsh and dietary alkali, promote into flower, improve percentage of fertile fruit;
L, blossom fall, after 10~15 days, in tree crown drip, are uprooted the annular groove of dark 30~40cm, executeAdd fruit-promoting fertilizer, imbed the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of fish scale, fish head, shrimp head, crab shell and egg shell retting, banket toApart from ground 5-10cm, imbed urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earthing, supplements in timeNutrient consumption while blooming, fruit retention, strong fruit, promote quality; And foliage top dressing, spray compound nucleosidesAcid, and replenish the calcium in conjunction with spray Bordeaux mixture blade face;
(4) parasitosis control:
M, release anstatus, trichogramma dendrolimi, winter, ground sprayed resin soap emulsifiable concentrate, early or mid MarchSpray 700~800 times of liquid control stinkbug silk worms of metrifonate, the flower fringe phase sprays for 600~700 times of liquid of zinc, after blossom fallSprayed pyrethrin pesticide control leaf roller, little hairstreak every 10~15 days;
N, in the time that peronospora tabacina occurs, bud stage and fruitlet phase spray 800~1000 times of liquid of metalaxyl; ?When anthracnose occurs, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, sprays 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to description and enforcement sideListed utilization in formula, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for being familiar with abilityThe personnel in territory, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviate from claim and etc. homotypeEnclose under limited universal, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the reality of describingExecute example.

Claims (8)

1. a chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) the female branch of cultivation results:
First 15~20 days of A, fruit picking, in tree crown drip, uproot the annular groove of dark 30~40cm, buriesEnter fruit picking front fertile;
Timely cutting back result branch tip after B, fruit picking, wipes out the sick branch of chicken mouth lichee plant, the branch that intersectsWith weak branch, the shady branch in cutting back top, ensures that described chicken mouth lichee plant is umbrella-shaped structure, have no result branch less than40%, retain 4~6 compound leaves; After fruit picking 7~10 days, imbed after fruit picking fertile;
C, in the time that autumn growth grows to 10~15cm for the first time, retain 3~5, erase unnecessary young sprout bud, leafFace foliage top dressing, that sprays 1~2 peanut press pulp, urea and potassium chloride is watered solution;
D, until autumn growth for the first time turn completely green after, every branch retains 2~3, erases unnecessary young sprout bud,Every 7~10 days blade face trickles once;
E, during every day 3~9 and 16~21 points, adopt the light-illuminating that wavelength is 400~700nm,Illumination is 1500 lumens, is aided with light music between illumination period;
(2) short flower of control winter:
F, after autumn growth is for the second time completely aging, in tree crown drip, uproot the soil of dark 20~30cmEarth, digs and is completely cured, and tans by the sun to the micro-Huang of treetop;
G, near spiral band girdle on the chicken mouth litchi trunk of ground 10~15cm, band girdle width is0.5~1.0cm, the number of turns is 2~3 circles, pitch is 3~5cm, and covers after absolute ethyl alcohol is sprayed at band girdle placeOne deck Aloe Vera Gel;
H, in the whole growth period of plant, every 8~12 days to blade spray the basic element of cell division be watered solution,Spray 3~4 times;
I, control during the winter tip point every day 15 to next day 10, adopt the light tight cloth of black to hide chicken mouth licheeTree trunk;
(3) flower and fruit protecting:
J, in flower fringe pumping process, flower spike length, the large lichee of flower amount are carried out to short flower or flower thinning, root chases after outwardFertilizer, with urea, borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate be watered spray solution early blossoming fringe, manual removal spends fringe leaflet,After rain, shake tree, ponding and petal shake; Honeybee is put in full-bloom stage reinforcement orchard, sprays every three days pollen liquid;
K, bloom before 15~20 days, in tree crown drip, uproot the soil of dark 20~30cm, applyShort fertilizers for potted flowers;
L, blossom fall, after 10~15 days, in tree crown drip, apply fruit-promoting fertilizer, and foliage top dressing, spraySpill compound nucleotides, and replenish the calcium in conjunction with spray Bordeaux mixture blade face;
(4) parasitosis control:
M, release anstatus, trichogramma dendrolimi, winter, ground sprayed resin soap emulsifiable concentrate, early or mid MarchSpray 700~800 times of liquid control stinkbug silk worms of metrifonate, the flower fringe phase sprays for 600~700 times of liquid of zinc, after blossom fallSprayed pyrethrin pesticide control leaf roller, little hairstreak every 10~15 days;
N, in the time that peronospora tabacina occurs, bud stage and fruitlet phase spray 800~1000 times of liquid of metalaxyl; ?When anthracnose occurs, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, sprays 800~1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.
2. chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described inBefore fruit picking, the fertile fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed for fish scale, fish head, shrimp head, crab shell and egg shell retting adds urea and chlorinationPotassium; After described fruit picking, fertilizer is urea, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate; Applying method is first 15~20 days of fruit picking,In tree crown drip, uproot the annular groove of dark 30~40cm, imbed before fruit picking fertilely, banket to apart from ground5-10cm, after fruit picking 7~10 days, fertile after annular groove is imbedded fruit picking, earthing.
3. chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described inShort fertilizers for potted flowers is urea, potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate, and applying method also comprises that earthing is to the 5-10cm that is above the ground level,In tree crown drip, apply white lime and dietary alkali.
4. chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described inThe applying method of fruit-promoting fertilizer is blossom fall after 10~15 days, in tree crown drip, uproots dark 30~40cm'sAnnular groove, imbeds the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed of fish scale, fish head, shrimp head, crab shell and egg shell retting, bankets to distanceGround 5-10cm, imbeds urea, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, earthing.
5. chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that pollenLiquid is that 1 part of boric acid adds the mixed liquor that 20 times of male pollens add 10000 times of water.
6. chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described inIn spiral band girdle process, the Aloe Vera Gel thickness of covering is 2-3mm, and width covers otch, also comprises windingLayer of transparent preservative film.
7. chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described inIn control winter short flower step, dig after being completely cured and within 6-8 days, carry out spiral band girdle again, band girdle otch moves on year by year 5-8cm。
8. chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described inChicken mouth litchi is 5 years above, bear fruit bearing-age trees of 40-60 kilogram every year.
CN201410486098.6A 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 A kind of chicken mouth lichee stable high yield cultural method Expired - Fee Related CN104186267B (en)

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