CN105052655B - Oil tea implantation methods - Google Patents
Oil tea implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN105052655B CN105052655B CN201510466478.8A CN201510466478A CN105052655B CN 105052655 B CN105052655 B CN 105052655B CN 201510466478 A CN201510466478 A CN 201510466478A CN 105052655 B CN105052655 B CN 105052655B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea implantation methods, belong to planting technical field.Comprise the following steps：Crop field, field management are transplanted in cuttage, cuttage management, hardening, management before transplanting；The oil tea implantation methods that the present invention is provided, using rational cuttage management method and the fertilising of oil tea seedling and management of topdressing, considerably increase the survival rate and the speed of growth of cuttage seeding, can bear fruit within 3 years simultaneously, enter within 5 to six years the best fruiting period, and fruit bearing rate is high, fruit oil yield is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cover cultivation methods, and in particular to a kind of oil tea implantation methods.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel) is that seed oil content is high in Theaceae Camellia, and with compared with Gao Sheng
The oil species of value are produced, is the important woody oleiferous plants economic tree in south China area, also known as tea oil tree or tea seed tree, with oil
Olive, oil palm, coconut and referred to as big woody oil tree species in the world four.Oil tea plant height of tree 4-6m, typically in 2-3m.Bark light brown
Color, smooth, single leaf alternate, keratin, oval or ovate-elliptic, there are serration, 3-10cm long, 1.5-4.5cm wide in edge.Flower
Basidixed or axillary, hermaphrodite flower, white, diameter 6-9cm, petal obovate, top normal two is split.Capsule is spherical, oblate, olive
Shape, diameter 3-4cm, fruit lobe is thick and lignifying, includes seed.Oil tea root system is more flourishing, impoverishment tolerant soil, Adaptable growth scope
Extensively, marginal land can be made full use of to grow, the fine tree species that to be economic benefit have both with both ecological benefits, and exquisite tea oil
In unsaturated fatty acid content be up to more than 90%, the content of unrighted acid significantly larger than in the olive oil of high-quality.Tea
The main component of oil is oleic acid and linoleic acid, at the same also containing the high price unrighted acids such as a small amount of leukotrienes and vitamin A,
Vitamin E.Tea oil also has preferable health care and medical function, wherein the beneficiating ingredient for containing easily is absorbed by the body, long-term consumption
Possess more significant effect for reducing human serum cholesterol, while also have the special efficacy for preventing and treating angiocardiopathy, can
To alleviate the possibility that people obtain artery sclerosis, especially the leukotrienes in oil tea has softening blood vessel, reduction blood fat and nourishing
The effect refreshed oneself.In view of a variety of beneficial functionals of the tea oil to human body, it is classified as the strong of global emphasis popularization by international food and agricultural organization
The senior edible vegetable oil of health type.
The main oil tea plantation of China in recent years is big to save all successive cultivated area for expanding camellia oleifera lam.But various regions
Oil tea planting survival rate but allows of no optimist all the time, and the crop cycle of oil tea is more long, and management requires height, and the low defect of fruit bearing rate makes
Current oil tea plantation be unable to reach people's the set goal.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to overcome drawbacks described above present in prior art, there is provided a kind of oil tea implantation methods.
A kind of oil tea implantation methods proposed by the present invention, comprise the following steps：
Step one：Cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 4cm-5cm retains 1-2 piece leaves as cuttage fringe on cuttage fringe
Piece, the root-inducing powder of 50-100mg/kg, the vitamin B12 of 3-5g/L and 800 times of Bravo solution are put into 1 by cuttage fringe：
0.4：Inserted after being soaked 5-6 hours in the treatment fluid that 1 volume is made into culture matrix, the main component of the culture matrix is treasure
Zhu Yan, peat, fertile soil, coconut palm chaff, the weight proportion of each component is perlite 7-12 parts, peat 10-15 parts, fertile soil 4-8 parts,
Coconut palm chaff 3-5 parts, the culture matrix is disinfected for 6-8 hours using the preceding Bravo solution immersion with 800 times；
Step 2：Cuttage is managed, and shade Shading treatment is carried out to cuttage seeding, blocks the sunlight of 65%-75%, keeps big
Humidity 80%-95% in canopy, the carbendazim solution that every 8-10 days spray 500 times to cuttage seeding after cuttage；
Step 3：Hardening, carries out hardening treatment for 20 days after under growth root, and first be down to for humidity in greenhouse by hardening for the 1-3 days
60%-70%, the 4-7 days of hardening, removes shade sooner or later daily, only at noon 10 points to 4 points block 6 hours, hardening
Shade in cuttage seeding was removed entirely in the 10-12 days；
Step 4：Management before transplanting, monthly applies 1 fertilizer, alternately applies 0.2% urea and 0.15% phosphoric acid hydrogen two
Potassium solution；
Step 5：Transplant crop field, whne seedling grow to 15cm-20cm it is high when, oil tea seedling is pressed into line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to greatly
Tanaka, crop field is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree；Before transplanting cave, cave depth 0.5-0.8 are dug in big Tanaka by distance between rows and hills
Rice, to oil tea after seedling is transplanted in cave, backfills after 1.2-1.8 kilograms of base manure is mixed with the soil for digging out, and the base manure is 8-10 heavy
Amount part cake of camellia oleifera seeds, 2-4 weight portions lime, 6-8 weight portions stalk, 8-12 weight portions plant ash, 10-12 weight portions pond sludge, 10-
The mixing of 12 weight portion manure of livestock and poultry is become thoroughly decomposed and is obtained, and wherein stalk is crushed after drying and used；
Step 6：Field management, big Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management；Oil tea
Every plant of tea oil tree applies to topdress 8-16 kilograms during the phase, and the main component topdressed is Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil
Tea shell, shrimp shell, plant ash, the weight proportion of each component is Erucic acid 6-8 parts, soya-bean cake 3-5 parts, cake of camellia oleifera seeds 6-8 parts, oil tea
Shell 8-12 parts, shrimp shell 4-8 parts, plant ash 3-5 parts, the preparation method topdressed is by soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp
After shell is crushed, it is well mixed with the Erucic acid crushed after the well mixed fermentation maturity that adds water, wherein shrimp shell soaks 12 with clear water
Individual hour, per water is changed once within 3-4 hours, immersion is shone dry grinding and is used after finishing；In oil tea period, every plant of tea oil tree applies
It is above-mentioned to topdress 16-25 kilograms.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, big Tanaka is transplanted in the step 5, to addition base manure weight in the base manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed
The diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate of 0.2%-0.3%, uses after mixing.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in step 2 cuttage management, spraying system sprinkling heat is set in shade and is steamed
Vapour, keeps 24 DEG C -28 DEG C of air themperature, humidity 85%-90% in greenhouse.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the composition that topdresses applied during the oil tea period is 8 parts of Erucic acid, 4 parts of soya-bean cake, oil
8 parts of tea-cake dregs, 12 parts of oil tea shell, 5 parts of shrimp shell, 4 parts of plant ash.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the Erucic acid is the grouts of residual after rapeseed oil；Soya-bean cake is for after soybean extract oil
The grouts of residual；Cake of camellia oleifera seeds is the grouts of residual after tea seed oil expression.
The oil tea implantation methods that the present invention is provided, by the cottage method, reinforcing sterilization and the rooting treatment that improve cuttage seeding
Process, culture matrix improvement and the integrated management of cuttage environment maintenance, greatly strengthen the survival rate and the speed of growth of cuttage seeding,
Efficiently solve that cuttage seeding survival rate under cold and high temperature drying weather is low, the slow defect of the speed of growth, the four seasons can be carried out
Cuttage operation；Apply the base manure of configuration when cuttage seeding moves into crop field, chasing after for suitable amounts is applied respectively in florescence and period
Fertilizer, not only considerably increases the speed of growth of oil tea, and oil tea can bear fruit for 3 years, and First Year fruit bearing rate of bearing fruit is more excellent than existing
Non-defective unit kind is higher by 7%-12%, and oil production is also above existing oil tea oil production.
Specific embodiment
Illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment：
Embodiment 1
In May, 2012 carries out crop field oil tea plantation, 30 mu of cultivated area in Hubei Province Xiaochang County, wherein planting oil tea skewer altogether
2480 plants of seedlings plugging：
Step one：Cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 4cm retains 1 blade as cuttage fringe on cuttage fringe, will
Cuttage fringe is put into the root-inducing powder of 100mg/kg, the vitamin B12 of 5g/L and 800 times of Bravo solution with 1：0.4：1 volume is matched somebody with somebody
Into treatment fluid in during immersion inserts culture matrix after 5 hours, the main component of the culture matrix is perlite, peat, corruption
Soil, coconut palm chaff are grown, the weight proportion of each component is 10 parts of perlite, 10 parts of peat, 8 parts of fertile soil, 5 parts of coconut palm chaff, the culture medium
Matter is disinfected for 8 hours using the preceding Bravo solution immersion with 800 times；
Step 2：Cuttage is managed, and shade Shading treatment is carried out to cuttage seeding, blocks the sunlight of 65%-75%, keeps big
Humidity 90% in canopy, the carbendazim solution that every 8 days spray 500 times to cuttage seeding after cuttage；
Step 3：Hardening, carries out hardening treatment for 20 days after under growth root, and humidity in greenhouse is down to 60%, refining on the 3rd day by hardening
The 6th day of seedling, removes shade sooner or later daily, only at noon 10 points to 4 points block 6 hours, the 12nd day of hardening cuttage seeding
On shade remove entirely；
Step 4：Management before transplanting, monthly applies 1 fertilizer, alternately applies 0.2% urea and 0.15% phosphoric acid hydrogen two
Potassium solution；
Step 5：Transplant crop field, whne seedling grow to 15cm it is high when, oil tea seedling is pressed into line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to big Tanaka,
Crop field is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree；Cave is dug by distance between rows and hills in big Tanaka before transplanting, cave is deep 0.8 meter, is moved in cave
Oil tea after seedling is planted, is backfilled after 1.2 kilograms of base manure is mixed with the soil for digging out, wherein the base manure is 10 weight portion cake of camellia oleifera seeds, 4
Weight portion lime, 8 weight portion stalks, 12 weight portion plant ash, 10 weight portion pond sludge, the mixing of 10 weight portion manure of livestock and poultry are become thoroughly decomposed
Arrive, wherein stalk is crushed after drying and used；
Step 6：Field management, big Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management；Oil tea
Every plant of tea oil tree applies to topdress 8 kilograms during the phase, and the main component topdressed is Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea
Shell, shrimp shell, plant ash, the weight proportion of each component is 8 parts of Erucic acid, 4 parts of soya-bean cake, 8 parts of cake of camellia oleifera seeds, 12 parts of oil tea shell,
5 parts of shrimp shell, 4 parts of plant ash, the preparation method topdressed is mixing after crushing soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp shell
It is well mixed with the Erucic acid crushed after the uniform fermentation maturity that adds water, wherein shrimp shell soaks 12 hours, every 3 hours with clear water
Change water once, immersion is shone dry grinding and used after finishing；In oil tea period, every plant of tea oil tree applies above-mentioned topdressing 18 kilograms.
Embodiment 2
In September, 2011 carries out crop field oil tea plantation, 26 mu of cultivated area in Hubei Province Xiaochang County, wherein planting oil tea skewer altogether
2245 plants of seedlings plugging：
Oil tea implantation methods proposed by the present invention, comprise the following steps：
Step one：Cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 5cm retains 1 blade as cuttage fringe on cuttage fringe, will
Cuttage fringe is put into the root-inducing powder of 100mg/kg, the vitamin B12 of 5g/L and 800 times of Bravo solution with 1：0.4：1 volume is matched somebody with somebody
Into treatment fluid in during immersion inserts culture matrix after 6 hours, the main component of the culture matrix is perlite, peat, corruption
Soil, coconut palm chaff are grown, the weight proportion of each component is 12 parts of perlite, 15 parts of peat, 4 parts of fertile soil, 5 parts of coconut palm chaff, the culture medium
Matter is disinfected for 8 hours using the preceding Bravo solution immersion with 800 times；
Step 2：Cuttage is managed, and shade Shading treatment is carried out to cuttage seeding, 70% sunlight is blocked, in shade
Spraying system sprinkling vapours is set, keeps 26 DEG C of air themperature in greenhouse, humidity 90% to be sprayed to cuttage seeding for every 8 days after cuttage
Spill 500 times of carbendazim solution；
Step 3：Hardening, carries out hardening treatment for 20 days after under growth root, and humidity in greenhouse is first down to 65% on the 3rd day by hardening,
The 5th day of hardening, removes shade sooner or later daily, only at noon 10 points to 4 points block 6 hours, the 10th day of hardening cuttage
Shade on seedling is removed entirely；
Step 4：Management before transplanting, monthly applies 1 fertilizer, alternately applies 0.2% urea and 0.15% phosphoric acid hydrogen two
Potassium solution；
Step 5：Transplant crop field, whne seedling grow to 15cm it is high when, oil tea seedling is pressed into line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to big Tanaka,
Crop field is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree；Cave is dug by distance between rows and hills in big Tanaka before transplanting, cave is deep 0.5 meter, is moved in cave
Oil tea after seedling is planted, backfill after 1.5 kilograms of base manure is mixed with the soil for digging out, to inserting 1 in cave：The soil and base manure of 1 mixing, wherein
The base manure is 10 weight portion cake of camellia oleifera seeds, 4 weight portion lime, 8 weight portion stalks, 10 weight portion plant ash, the 10 weight portion pools
Mud, the mixing of 12 weight portion manure of livestock and poultry are become thoroughly decomposed and are obtained, and wherein stalk is crushed after drying and used, and base manure adds 3g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoates to mix after becoming thoroughly decomposed
It is even to use；
Step 6：Field management, big Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management；Oil tea
Every plant of tea oil tree applies to topdress 10 kilograms during the phase, and the main component topdressed is Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea
Shell, shrimp shell, plant ash, the weight proportion of each component is 8 parts of Erucic acid, 4 parts of soya-bean cake, 8 parts of cake of camellia oleifera seeds, 12 parts of oil tea shell,
5 parts of shrimp shell, 4 parts of plant ash, the preparation method topdressed is mixing after crushing soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp shell
It is well mixed with the Erucic acid crushed after the uniform fermentation maturity that adds water, wherein shrimp shell soaks 12 hours, every 3 hours with clear water
Change water once, immersion is shone dry grinding and used after finishing；In oil tea period, every plant of tea oil tree applies above-mentioned topdressing 16 kilograms.
The oil tea seedling growth in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 and the situation of bearing fruit are entered in May, 2015 from May, 2011
Row statistics, statistics is as shown in the table：
As can be seen from the table, there is advantages below using the oil tea implantation methods in the present invention：Cuttage seeding survival rate is high,
Summer, two season of autumn cuttage survival rate are more than 98%, and oil tea seedling speed of growth block, and seedling average height is reachable in 1 year
15.5cm, cultivating 3 years to be born fruit, and every plant of the first annual of bearing fruit is born fruit number more than 5,46-53 kilograms of per mu yield fresh fruit, oil-producing
3.2-3.8 kilograms of amount shifts to an earlier date 1-2 than the conventional oil tea fruit-growing time cultivated, and fruit bearing rate increased 7%-12%, oil production
Wanted more than one times than conventional oil tea.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of oil tea implantation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：Cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 4cm-5cm retains 1-2 piece blades as cuttage fringe on cuttage fringe,
Cuttage fringe is put into the root-inducing powder of 50-100mg/kg, the vitamin B12 of 3-5g/L and 800 times of Bravo solution with 1：0.4：1
In inserting culture matrix after being soaked 5-6 hour in the treatment fluid that volume is made into, the main component of the culture matrix be perlite,
Peat, fertile soil, coconut palm chaff, the weight proportion of each component is perlite 7-12 parts, peat 10-15 parts, fertile soil 4-8 parts, coconut palm chaff
3-5 parts, the culture matrix is disinfected for 6-8 hours using the preceding Bravo solution immersion with 800 times；
Step 2：Cuttage is managed, and shade Shading treatment is carried out to cuttage seeding, blocks the sunlight of 65%-75%, is kept in greenhouse
Humidity 80%-95%, the carbendazim solution that every 8-10 days spray 500 times to cuttage seeding after cuttage；
Step 3：Hardening, carries out hardening treatment for 20 days after under growth root, and humidity in greenhouse is first down to 60%- in the 1-3 days by hardening
70%, the 4-7 days of hardening, remove shade sooner or later daily, only at noon 10 points to 4 points block 6 hours, the 10- of hardening
Shade in cuttage seeding was removed entirely in 12 days；
Step 4：Management before transplanting, monthly applies 1 fertilizer, and urea and 0.15% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate for alternately applying 0.2% are molten
Liquid；
Step 5：Transplant crop field, whne seedling grow to 15cm-20cm it is high when, oil tea seedling is pressed into line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to crop field
In, crop field is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree；Transplant before big Tanaka by distance between rows and hills dig cave, 0.5-0.8 meters of cave depth,
To oil tea after seedling is transplanted in cave, backfilled after 1.2-1.8 kilograms of base manure is mixed with the soil for digging out, the base manure is 8-10 weight portions
Cake of camellia oleifera seeds, 2-4 weight portions lime, 6-8 weight portions stalk, 8-12 weight portions plant ash, 10-12 weight portions pond sludge, 10-12 weights
The manure of livestock and poultry mixing of amount part is become thoroughly decomposed and is obtained, and wherein stalk is crushed after drying and used；
Step 6：Field management, big Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management；During camellia florescence
Every plant of tea oil tree applies to topdress 8-16 kilograms, the main component topdressed be Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell,
Shrimp shell, plant ash, the weight proportion of each component is Erucic acid 6-8 parts, soya-bean cake 3-5 parts, cake of camellia oleifera seeds 6-8 parts, oil tea shell 8-
12 parts, shrimp shell 4-8 parts, plant ash 3-5 parts, the preparation method topdressed is by soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp shell meal
After broken, it is well mixed with the Erucic acid crushed after the well mixed fermentation maturity that adds water, wherein shrimp shell is small with clear water immersion 12
When, per water is changed once within 3-4 hours, immersion is shone dry grinding and is used after finishing；In oil tea period, every plant of tea oil tree applies above-mentioned
Topdress 16-25 kilograms.
2. oil tea implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Big Tanaka is transplanted in the step 5, to described
The diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate of base manure weight 0.2%-0.3% is added in the base manure for becoming thoroughly decomposed, is used after mixing.
3. oil tea implantation methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：In step 2 cuttage management, in shade
Spraying system sprinkling vapours is set in canopy, 24 DEG C -28 DEG C of air themperature, humidity 85%-90% in greenhouse is kept.
4. oil tea implantation methods according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The composition that topdresses applied during the oil tea period
It is 8 parts of Erucic acid, 4 parts of soya-bean cake, 8 parts of cake of camellia oleifera seeds, 12 parts of oil tea shell, 5 parts of shrimp shell, 4 parts of plant ash.
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| CN101611681A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-12-30 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | The propagation method of using single-bud short tamarix to cut containerized seedlings |
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| CN104303751B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-10-05 | 安徽兰祥园茶业有限公司 | A kind of without new soil Camellia sinensis continuous cropping cuttage and seedling culture method |
| CN104396533B (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-07-11 | 大新县生产力促进中心 | The implantation methods of organic Ilex Latifolia Thunb |
| CN104429538B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of oil tea is heated the method for quickly breeding of cuttage winter |
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