CN114766308A - Planting method of pteris multifida - Google Patents
Planting method of pteris multifida Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flower planting. The invention provides a planting method of pteris multifida, which comprises the following steps: (1) cutting the stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 10-20 cm cuttage strips, cuttage into a seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days to obtain pteris seedlings; (2) applying base fertilizer in a planting field, and transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 15-25 cm and the row spacing is 15-25 cm; (3) cultivating for 2-3 times after transplanting, and harvesting after blooming. The planting method is suitable for large-scale industrial planting, the planted chrysanthemum indicum is rich and lasting in flower fragrance, the yield is increased by more than 20% compared with that of a traditional method, the selenium content in the chrysanthemum indicum reaches 0.25-4.00 mg/kg, and the quality is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flower planting, in particular to a planting method of pteris multifida.
Background
The main chemical components of the pteris multifida comprise linalool, trans-beta-farnesene, luteolin, amyrin, robinin glycoside, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones and the like, and the pteris multifida has unique functions of sterilization, inflammation diminishing, detoxification and the like. The application of the pteris multifida essential oil in the industries of pharmacy, food processing, cosmetics and the like is more and more extensive, and the medicinal value of the pteris multifida is very high from the perspective of clinical traditional Chinese medicine.
However, most of the resources which can be utilized currently are wild chrysanthemum, the yield is limited, and the wild chrysanthemum is mainly distributed on the sunny open land with the elevation of more than 1800m in the area of Enshi in Hubei province. The growth condition is poor after the long-distance transplantation, which greatly influences the yield of the phoenix chrysanthemum and the development of products. How to plant the pteris multifida et ex maiden at a large scale and improve the yield and the quality of the pteris multifida et ex maiden solution is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of pteris procumbens, which is used for popularizing the planting of the pteris procumbens on a large scale and improving the yield and quality of the pteris procumbens.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a planting method of pteris multifida, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 10-20 cm cuttage strips, cuttage into a seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days to obtain pteris seedlings;
(2) applying base fertilizer in a planting field, and transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 15-25 cm and the row spacing is 15-25 cm;
(3) cultivating for 2-3 times after transplanting, and harvesting after blooming.
Preferably, the cutting time is from 5 to 6 ten days in the first month.
Preferably, the lower morphological end of the cutting is cut into a slope of 30-60 degrees, and the cutting retains 1-3 leaves.
Preferably, the seedling substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 1-3 parts of coconut soil, 1-2 parts of perlite and 2-4 parts of turf.
Preferably, the temperature in the cultivation process in the step (1) is 22-28 ℃.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 10-25 parts of soybean meal and 0.5-1.5 parts of amino acid fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: and mixing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal and the soybean meal, performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-40 days, and mixing with the amino acid fertilizer after fermentation is finished to obtain the base fertilizer.
Preferably, the application amount of the base fertilizer is 3000-5000 kg/mu.
Preferably, the depth of the transplanted chamomile seedlings in the step (2) is 15-30 cm.
Preferably, when the cultivation times are 2 times, the time of the first cultivation is 7-14 days after transplanting, and the time of the second cultivation is 60-70 days after transplanting; when the cultivation frequency is 3 times, the time of the first cultivation is 7-14 days after transplanting, the time of the second cultivation is 40-50 days after transplanting, and the time of the third cultivation is 70-80 days after transplanting.
The invention provides a planting method of pteris gigantea, which comprises the following steps: (1) cutting the stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 10-20 cm cuttage strips, cuttage into a seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days to obtain pteris seedlings; (2) applying base fertilizer into the planting field, and transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 15-25 cm and the row spacing is 15-25 cm; (3) cultivating for 2-3 times after transplanting, and harvesting after blooming. The planting method is suitable for large-scale industrial planting, the planted chrysanthemum indicum is rich and lasting in flower fragrance, the yield is increased by more than 20% compared with that of a traditional method, the selenium content in the chrysanthemum indicum reaches 0.25-4.00 mg/kg, and the quality is excellent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a planting method of pteris gigantea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 10-20 cm cuttage strips, cuttage into a seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days to obtain pteris seedlings;
(2) applying base fertilizer into the planting field, and transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 15-25 cm and the row spacing is 15-25 cm;
(3) cultivating for 2-3 times after transplanting, and harvesting after blooming.
In the invention, the length of the cutting is preferably 12-18 cm, and more preferably 15 cm.
In the present invention, the incubation time is preferably 32 to 38 days, and more preferably 35 days.
In the present invention, the plant spacing is preferably 18 to 22cm, and more preferably 20 cm.
In the invention, the row spacing is preferably 18-22 cm, and more preferably 20 cm.
In the invention, the elevation of the planting field is preferably 1400-1800 m, more preferably 1500-1700 m, and still more preferably 1600 m.
In the present invention, the cutting time is preferably from 5 to 6, more preferably from 5 to 6, and still more preferably from 5 to 5.
In the present invention, the lower morphological end of the skewer is cut into a slope of 30 to 60 °, more preferably 40 to 50 °, and still more preferably 45 °.
In the invention, the cutting strip preferably retains 1-3 leaves, and more preferably 2 leaves.
In the invention, the seedling raising substrate is preferably composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 1-3 parts of coconut soil, 1-2 parts of perlite and 2-4 parts of turf, and further preferably 2 parts of coconut soil, 1.5 parts of perlite and 3 parts of turf.
In the invention, the temperature in the cultivation process in the step (1) is preferably 22-28 ℃, more preferably 24-26 ℃, and still more preferably 25 ℃.
In the invention, the base fertilizer is preferably prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 10-25 parts of soybean meal and 0.5-1.5 parts of amino acid fertilizer, and further preferably: 90-110 parts of organic fertilizer, 25-35 parts of rapeseed meal, 15-20 parts of soybean meal and 0.8-1.2 parts of amino acid fertilizer, and further optimization is as follows: 100 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of rapeseed meal, 18 parts of soybean meal and 1 part of amino acid fertilizer.
In the invention, the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: and mixing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal and the soybean meal, performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-40 days, and mixing with the amino acid fertilizer after fermentation is finished to obtain the base fertilizer.
In the invention, the organic fertilizer is preferably one or more of farmyard manure, green manure and stable manure.
In the present invention, the fermentation time is preferably 25 to 35 days, and more preferably 30 days.
In the invention, the application amount of the base fertilizer is preferably 3000-5000 kg/mu, more preferably 3500-4500 kg/mu, and even more preferably 4000 kg/mu.
In the invention, the depth of the transplanted Pterocarya stenoptera seedlings in the step (2) is preferably 15-30 cm, and more preferably 20-25 cm.
In the invention, the seedlings of the calliopsis are preferably covered by mulching films after being transplanted.
In the invention, when the cultivation times are 2 times, the time of the first cultivation is 7-14 days after transplanting, and the time of the second cultivation is 60-70 days after transplanting; more preferably, the time of the first cultivation is 9 to 12 days after transplantation, the time of the second cultivation is 62 to 68 days after transplantation, still more preferably, the time of the first cultivation is 10 to 11 days after transplantation, and the time of the second cultivation is 65 days after transplantation.
In the present invention, when the number of times of cultivation is 3, the time of first cultivation is 7 to 14 days after transplantation, the time of second cultivation is 40 to 50 days after transplantation, the time of third cultivation is 70 to 80 days after transplantation, more preferably the time of first cultivation is 9 to 12 days after transplantation, the time of second cultivation is 42 to 48 days after transplantation, the time of third cultivation is 72 to 78 days after transplantation, more preferably the time of first cultivation is 10 to 11 days after transplantation, the time of second cultivation is 45 days after transplantation, and the time of third cultivation is 75 days after transplantation.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Cutting stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 10cm cutting strips in 1 day in 5 months, cutting the morphological lower ends of the cutting strips into 30-degree inclined planes, reserving 1 leaf on the cutting strips, weighing coconut soil, perlite and grass carbon according to the volume ratio of 1 part of coconut soil, 2 parts of perlite and 2 parts of grass carbon, mixing to obtain a seedling culture medium, cutting the cutting strips into the seedling culture medium, and culturing for 40 days at 22 ℃ to obtain the pteris procumbens seedlings;
(2) preparing a base fertilizer: weighing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the amino acid according to the volume ratio of 80 parts of the organic fertilizer, 20 parts of the rapeseed meal, 25 parts of the soybean meal and 1.5 parts of the amino acid fertilizer, mixing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal and the soybean meal, performing anaerobic fermentation for 20 days, and mixing the mixture with the amino acid fertilizer after the fermentation is finished to obtain a base fertilizer;
(3) applying base fertilizer into a planting field according to the ratio of 5000 kg/mu, transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 15cm and the row spacing is 15cm, wherein the depth of the pteris multifida seedlings is 30 cm;
(4) cultivating for 3 times after transplanting, wherein the time of the first cultivation is 14 days after transplanting, the time of the second cultivation is 50 days after transplanting, the time of the third cultivation is 80 days after transplanting, and harvesting can be carried out after blooming.
Example 2
(1) Cutting stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 20cm cutting strips within 5 months and 30 days, cutting morphological lower ends of the cutting strips into 60-degree inclined planes, reserving 3 leaves on the cutting strips, weighing coconut soil, perlite and turf according to the volume ratio of 3 parts of coconut soil, 1 part of perlite and 4 parts of turf, mixing to obtain a seedling culture medium, cutting the cutting strips into the seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30 days at the temperature of 28 ℃ to obtain the pteris seedlings;
(2) preparing a base fertilizer: weighing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the amino acid according to the volume ratio of 120 parts of the organic fertilizer, 40 parts of the rapeseed meal, 10 parts of the soybean meal and 0.5 part of the amino acid fertilizer, mixing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal and the soybean meal, performing anaerobic fermentation for 40 days, and mixing the mixture with the amino acid fertilizer after the fermentation is finished to obtain a base fertilizer;
(3) applying base fertilizer into a planting field according to 3000 kg/mu, transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard of the plant spacing of 25cm and the row spacing of 25cm, wherein the depth of the pteris multifida seedlings is 15 cm;
(4) cultivating for 3 times after transplanting, wherein the time of first cultivating is 7 days after transplanting, the time of second cultivating is 40 days after transplanting, the time of third cultivating is 70 days after transplanting, and harvesting can be carried out after flowering.
Example 3
(1) Cutting stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 15cm cutting strips within 6 months and 20 days, cutting the morphological lower ends of the cutting strips into 45-degree inclined planes, reserving 2 leaves on the cutting strips, weighing coconut soil, perlite and turf according to the volume ratio of 2 parts of coconut soil, 1.5 parts of perlite and 3 parts of turf, mixing to obtain a seedling culture medium, cutting the cutting strips into the seedling culture medium, and culturing for 35 days at 25 ℃ to obtain the pteris seedlings;
(2) preparing a base fertilizer: weighing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal, the soybean meal and the amino acid according to the volume ratio of 100 parts of the organic fertilizer, 30 parts of the rapeseed meal, 18 parts of the soybean meal and 1 part of the amino acid fertilizer, mixing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal and the soybean meal, then carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 30 days, and mixing the mixture with the amino acid fertilizer after the fermentation is finished to obtain a base fertilizer;
(3) applying base fertilizer into a planting field according to 4000 kg/mu, and transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 20cm and the row spacing is 20cm, wherein the depth of the pteris multifida seedlings is 20 cm;
(4) cultivating for 2 times after transplanting, wherein the time of first cultivating is 10 days after transplanting, the time of second cultivating is 65 days after transplanting, and harvesting after blooming.
Test examples
Test field: the land is located in the Enshi city of Hubei province, the altitude is 1503 meters, the area is 12 mu, the land is averagely divided into 3 blocks, each block has the area of 4 mu, and the number is 1-3 of the test group.
The test method comprises the following steps: planting the pteris multifida with the planting methods of examples 1 to 3 in the test fields of the test groups 1 to 3, respectively, counting the yield of the harvested pteris multifida, and measuring the selenium content in the pteris multifida, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Average acre yield | 267.5kg | 271.6kg | 270.5kg |
| Average selenium content | 3.76mg/kg | 3.92mg/kg | 3.59mg/kg |
As a result: the yield per mu of the pteris multifida planted by using the traditional planting method in Fengxian county in the current year is counted, and the result shows that the average yield per mu is 216.3 kg. The planting method of the application is used for improving the yield per mu by more than 23%.
The embodiment shows that the invention provides a planting method of pteris cineraria, which comprises the following steps: (1) cutting the stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 10-20 cm cuttage strips, cuttage into a seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days to obtain pteris seedlings; (2) applying base fertilizer into the planting field, and transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 15-25 cm and the row spacing is 15-25 cm; (3) cultivating for 2-3 times after transplanting, and harvesting after blooming. The planting method is suitable for large-scale industrial planting, the planted chrysanthemum indicum is rich and lasting in flower fragrance, the yield is increased by more than 20% compared with that of a traditional method, the selenium content in the chrysanthemum indicum reaches 0.25-4.00 mg/kg, and the quality is excellent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of pteris multifida is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cutting the stems of the chrysanthemum seeds into 10-20 cm cuttage strips, cuttage into a seedling culture medium, and culturing for 30-40 days to obtain pteris seedlings;
(2) applying base fertilizer into the planting field, and transplanting the pteris multifida seedlings into the planting field according to the standard that the plant spacing is 15-25 cm and the row spacing is 15-25 cm;
(3) and intertilling for 2-3 times after transplanting, and harvesting after blooming.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the cutting time is from 5 to 6 months.
3. The planting method according to claim 2, wherein the lower morphological end of the cutting is cut into a slope of 30-60 °, and the cutting retains 1-3 leaves.
4. The planting method according to claim 3, wherein the seedling raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 1-3 parts of coconut soil, 1-2 parts of perlite and 2-4 parts of turf.
5. The planting method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature in the cultivation process in the step (1) is 22-28 ℃.
6. The planting method according to claim 5, wherein the base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-40 parts of rapeseed meal, 10-25 parts of soybean meal and 0.5-1.5 parts of amino acid fertilizer.
7. The planting method of claim 6, wherein the base fertilizer is prepared by: and mixing the organic fertilizer, the rapeseed meal and the soybean meal, performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-40 days, and mixing with the amino acid fertilizer after fermentation is finished to obtain the base fertilizer.
8. The planting method of claim 7, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 3000-5000 kg/mu.
9. The planting method according to claim 8, wherein the depth of the transplanted callicarpa pterocarya seedling in the step (2) is 15-30 cm.
10. The planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein when the number of times of the cultivation is 2, the time of the first cultivation is 7 to 14 days after the transplantation, and the time of the second cultivation is 60 to 70 days after the transplantation; and when the intertillage times are 3 times, the time of the first intertillage is 7-14 days after transplantation, the time of the second intertillage is 40-50 days after transplantation, and the time of the third intertillage is 70-80 days after transplantation.
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