CN105052655A - Camellia oleifera Abel planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a camellia oleifera Abel planting method and belongs to the technical field of plant planting. The method comprises the following steps: cutting, cutting management, seedling hardening, management before transplanting, field transplanting and field management. According to the camellia oleifera Abel planting method, through a reasonable cutting management method and camellia oleifera seedling fertilization and topdressing management, the survival rate and growth rate of the cutting seedlings are greatly improved; meanwhile, the camellia oleifera Abel can bear fruits after three years, and enter a full bearing period after five to six years; fruit-bearing rate is high; and oil extraction rate of the fruits is high.

Description

Oil tea implantation methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of plant cover cultivation methods, be specifically related to a kind of oil tea implantation methods.

Background technology

Oil tea (CamelliaoleiferaAbel) is that in Theaceae Camellia, seed oil content is high, and there are the oil species of higher productive value, it is the important woody oleiferous plants economic tree in south China area, have another name called tea oil tree or tea seed tree, with olive, oil palm, coconut be called the large woody oil tree species in the world four.Oil tea plant height of tree 4-6m, generally at 2-3m.Bark is filbert, smooth, single leaf alternate, keratin, and oval or ovum shape ellipse, there is serration at edge, long 3-10cm, wide 1.5-4.5cm.Hua Dingsheng or armpit life, hermaphrodite flower, white, diameter 6-9cm, petal obovate, top normal two is split.Capsule is spherical, oblate, olive shape, diameter 3-4cm, and the thick and lignification of fruit lobe, includes seed.Oil tea root system is more flourishing, impoverishment tolerant soil, Adaptable growth scope is wide, marginal land can be made full use of grow, the fine tree species that economic benefit and ecological benefits have both, and the unsaturated fatty acid content in exquisite tea oil is up to more than 90%, far away higher than the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the olive oil of high-quality.Tea main body of oil is oleic acid and linoleic acid, simultaneously also containing high price unsaturated fatty acid and VitAVitEs such as a small amount of linolenic acid.Tea oil also has health care and medical function preferably, the beneficiating ingredient wherein contained easily is absorbed by the body, long-term eating has more significant effect for reduction human serum cholesterol, also has the special efficacy of prevention and therapy angiocardiopathy simultaneously, can alleviate people and obtain arteriosclerotic possibility, the linolenic acid especially in oil tea has effect that softening blood vessel, reduction blood fat and nourishing are refreshed oneself.In view of tea oil is to all beneficial functionals of human body, it is classified as the senior edible vegetable oil of health type of global emphasis popularization by international food and agricultural organization.

The large cultivated area expanding camellia oleifera lam economized all in succession of oil tea plantation that China is main in recent years.But the oil tea planting survival rate of various places but allows of no optimist all the time, and the crop cycle of oil tea is longer, and management expectancy is high, and fruit bearing rate is low etc., and current oil tea plantation that defect makes cannot reach people's the set goal.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is, in order to overcome the above-mentioned defect existed in prior art, to provide a kind of oil tea implantation methods.

A kind of oil tea implantation methods that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:

Step one: cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 4cm-5cm is as cuttage fringe, cuttage fringe retains 1-2 sheet blade, cuttage fringe is put into the root-inducing powder of 50-100mg/kg, insert in culture matrix after soaking 5-6 hour in the treatment fluid that the tpn solution of the cobalamin of 3-5g/L and 800 times is made into 1:0.4:1 volume, the main component of described culture matrix is perlite, peat, humus soil, coconut palm chaff, the weight proportion of each component is perlite 7-12 part, peat 10-15 part, humus soil 4-8 part, coconut palm chaff 3-5 part, described culture matrix is disinfected with the tpn solution immersion of 800 times before use for 6-8 hour,

Step 2: cuttage manages, and carries out shading shed Shading treatment, block the sunlight of 65%-75% to cuttage seeding, keeps booth humidity 80%-95%, cuttage seeding is sprayed in after cuttage every 8-10 days to the carbendazim solution of 500 times;

Step 3: hardening, within 20 days after taking root, carry out hardening process, booth humidity is first down to 60%-70% in 1-3 days by hardening, the 4-7 days of hardening, every day removes shade sooner or later, only blocks 6 hours to 4 o'clock at 10 o'clock at noon, the shade in cuttage seeding is removed entirely in 10-12 days of hardening;

Step 4: management before transplanting, monthly executes 1 fertilizer, alternately uses the urea of 0.2% and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 0.15%;

Step 5: transplant land for growing field crops, when seedling grows to 15cm-20cm height, oil tea seedling is pressed line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to large Tanaka, land for growing field crops is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree; Transplant before large Tanaka by row spacing in the rows dig cave, the dark 0.5-0.8 rice in cave, transplant oil tea seedling in cave after, backfill after base manure 1.2-1.8 kilogram is mixed with the soil dug out, described base manure is 8-10 weight portion Oil-tea-cake, the mixing of 2-4 weight portion lime, 6-8 weight portion stalk, 8-12 weight portion ash, 10-12 weight portion pond sludge, 10-12 weight portion manure of livestock and poultry is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained, and wherein stalk dries rear pulverizing use;

Step 6: field management, large Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management, during the oil tea florescence, every strain tea oil tree applies to topdress 8-16 kilogram, described main component of topdressing is Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp shell, ash, the weight proportion of each component is rape cake 6-8 part, soya-bean cake 3-5 part, Oil-tea-cake 6-8 part, oil tea shell 8-12 part, shrimp shell 4-8 part, ash 3-5 part, described preparation method of topdressing is by soya-bean cake, Oil-tea-cake, oil tea shell, after shrimp shell meal is broken, mix with the Erucic acid pulverized after mixing the fermentation maturity that adds water, its Prawn shell clear water soaks 12 hours, every 3-4 hour changes water once, shine dry grinding after immersion to use, when oil tea bears fruit the phase, every strain tea oil tree applies the above-mentioned 16-25 kilogram that topdresses.

In technique scheme, transplant large Tanaka in described step 5, in the described base manure become thoroughly decomposed, add the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate of base manure weight 0.2%-0.3%, use after mixing.

In technique scheme, in described step 2 cuttage management, spraying system is set in shading shed and sprays vapours, keep air themperature 24 DEG C-28 DEG C in booth, humidity 85%-90%.

In technique scheme, described oil tea bear fruit the phase time apply topdress and consist of rape cake 8 parts, soya-bean cake 4 parts, Oil-tea-cake 8 parts, 12 parts, oil tea shell, 5 parts, shrimp shell, ash 4 parts.

In technique scheme, described rape cake is grouts residual after rapeseed oil; Soya-bean cake is grouts residual after soybean extract oil; Oil-tea-cake is grouts residual after tea seed oil expression.

Oil tea implantation methods provided by the invention, by improving the cottage method of cuttage seeding, strengthen disinfection and rooting treatment process, culture matrix improves and the integrated management of cuttage environment maintenance, greatly strengthen survival rate and the growth rate of cuttage seeding, efficiently solve cuttage seeding survival rate under cold and high-temperature drying weather low, the defect that growth rate is slow, the four seasons all can carry out cuttage operation; The base manure of configuration is applied when cuttage seeding moves into land for growing field crops, topdressing of suitable amounts is applied respectively at florescence and phase of bearing fruit, not only considerably increase the growth rate of oil tea, and oil tea can bear fruit for 3 years, First Year fruit bearing rate of bearing fruit exceeds 7%-12% than existing improved seeds, and oil production is also higher than existing oil tea oil production.

Embodiment

Be described below in conjunction with specific embodiment:

Embodiment 1

In May, 2012 carries out land for growing field crops oil tea plantation in Xiaochang County, Hubei Province, cultivated area 30 mu, wherein plants the strain of oil tea cuttage seeding 2480 altogether:

Step one: cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 4cm is as cuttage fringe, cuttage fringe retains 1 blade, cuttage fringe is put into the root-inducing powder of 100mg/kg, insert in culture matrix after soaking 5 hours in the treatment fluid that the tpn solution of the cobalamin of 5g/L and 800 times is made into 1:0.4:1 volume, the main component of described culture matrix is perlite, peat, humus soil, coconut palm chaff, the weight proportion of each component is perlite 10 parts, 10 parts, peat, humus soil 8 parts, coconut palm chaff 5 parts, described culture matrix soaks with the tpn solution of 800 times before use disinfects for 8 hours,

Step 2: cuttage manages, and carries out shading shed Shading treatment, block the sunlight of 65%-75% to cuttage seeding, keeps booth humidity 90%, cuttage seeding is sprayed in after cuttage every 8 days to the carbendazim solution of 500 times;

Step 3: hardening, carries out hardening process in 20 days after taking root, and booth humidity is down to 60% on the 3rd day by hardening, the 6th day of hardening, every day removes shade sooner or later, only blocks 6 hours to 4 o'clock at 10 o'clock at noon, the shade in cuttage seeding is removed entirely in the 12nd day of hardening;

Step 4: management before transplanting, monthly executes 1 fertilizer, alternately uses the urea of 0.2% and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 0.15%;

Step 5: transplant land for growing field crops, when seedling grows to 15cm height, oil tea seedling is pressed line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to large Tanaka, land for growing field crops is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree; Transplant before large Tanaka by row spacing in the rows dig cave, dark 0.8 meter of cave, transplant oil tea seedling in cave after, backfill after 1.2 kilograms, base manure and the soil dug out are mixed, wherein said base manure is 10 weight portion Oil-tea-cakes, 4 weight portion lime, 8 weight portion stalks, 12 weight portion ash, 10 weight portion pond sludge, 10 weight portion manure of livestock and poultry mixing are become thoroughly decomposed and obtained, and wherein stalk dries rear pulverizings use;

Step 6: field management, large Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management, during the oil tea florescence, every strain tea oil tree applies to topdress 8 kilograms, described main component of topdressing is Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp shell, ash, the weight proportion of each component is rape cake 8 parts, soya-bean cake 4 parts, Oil-tea-cake 8 parts, 12 parts, oil tea shell, 5 parts, shrimp shell, ash 4 parts, described preparation method of topdressing is by soya-bean cake, Oil-tea-cake, oil tea shell, after shrimp shell meal is broken, mix with the Erucic acid pulverized after mixing the fermentation maturity that adds water, its Prawn shell clear water soaks 12 hours, within every 3 hours, change water once, shine dry grinding after immersion to use, when oil tea bears fruit the phase, every strain tea oil tree applying is above-mentioned topdresses 18 kilograms.

Embodiment 2

In September, 2011 carries out land for growing field crops oil tea plantation in Xiaochang County, Hubei Province, cultivated area 26 mu, wherein plants the strain of oil tea cuttage seeding 2245 altogether:

The oil tea implantation methods that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:

Step one: cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 5cm is as cuttage fringe, cuttage fringe retains 1 blade, cuttage fringe is put into the root-inducing powder of 100mg/kg, insert in culture matrix after soaking 6 hours in the treatment fluid that the tpn solution of the cobalamin of 5g/L and 800 times is made into 1:0.4:1 volume, the main component of described culture matrix is perlite, peat, humus soil, coconut palm chaff, the weight proportion of each component is perlite 12 parts, 15 parts, peat, humus soil 4 parts, coconut palm chaff 5 parts, described culture matrix soaks with the tpn solution of 800 times before use disinfects for 8 hours,

Step 2: cuttage manages, and carries out shading shed Shading treatment, block the sunlight of 70% to cuttage seeding, spraying system is set in shading shed and sprays vapours, keep air themperature 26 DEG C in booth, humidity 90%, cuttage seeding sprayed in after cuttage every 8 days to the carbendazim solution of 500 times;

Step 3: hardening, carries out hardening process in 20 days after taking root, and booth humidity is first down to 65% on the 3rd day by hardening, the 5th day of hardening, every day removes shade sooner or later, only blocks 6 hours to 4 o'clock at 10 o'clock at noon, the shade in cuttage seeding is removed entirely in the 10th day of hardening;

Step 4: management before transplanting, monthly executes 1 fertilizer, alternately uses the urea of 0.2% and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 0.15%;

Step 5: transplant land for growing field crops, when seedling grows to 15cm height, oil tea seedling is pressed line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to large Tanaka, land for growing field crops is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree; Transplant before large Tanaka by row spacing in the rows dig cave, dark 0.5 meter of cave, transplant oil tea seedling in cave after, backfill after 1.5 kilograms, base manure and the soil dug out are mixed, soil and the base manure of 1:1 mixing is inserted in cave, wherein said base manure is 10 weight portion Oil-tea-cakes, 4 weight portion lime, 8 weight portion stalks, 10 weight portion ash, 10 weight portion pond sludge, 12 weight portion manure of livestock and poultry mixing are become thoroughly decomposed and obtained, and wherein stalk dries rear pulverizings and uses, and adds 3g diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate mixing use after base manure becomes thoroughly decomposed;

Step 6: field management, large Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management, during the oil tea florescence, every strain tea oil tree applies to topdress 10 kilograms, described main component of topdressing is Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp shell, ash, the weight proportion of each component is rape cake 8 parts, soya-bean cake 4 parts, Oil-tea-cake 8 parts, 12 parts, oil tea shell, 5 parts, shrimp shell, ash 4 parts, described preparation method of topdressing is by soya-bean cake, Oil-tea-cake, oil tea shell, after shrimp shell meal is broken, mix with the Erucic acid pulverized after mixing the fermentation maturity that adds water, its Prawn shell clear water soaks 12 hours, within every 3 hours, change water once, shine dry grinding after immersion to use, when oil tea bears fruit the phase, every strain tea oil tree applying is above-mentioned topdresses 16 kilograms.

Add up the oil tea seedling growth embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 and the situation of bearing fruit from May, 2011 in May, 2015, statistics is as shown in the table:

As can be seen from the table, the oil tea implantation methods in the present invention is adopted to have the following advantages: cuttage seeding survival rate is high, summer, season in autumn two cuttage survival rate all more than 98%, and oil tea seedling growth rate block, in 1 year, seedling average height can reach 15.5cm, cultivate and can bear fruit for 3 years, the average every strain of First Year of bearing fruit bears fruit several more than 5, per mu yield fresh fruit 46-53 kilogram, oil production 3.2-3.8 kilogram shifts to an earlier date 1-2 than the conventional oil tea fruit-growing time cultivated, fruit bearing rate adds 7%-12%, and oil production is also wanted more than one times than conventional oil tea.

The content be not described in detail in this specification belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims (4)

1. an oil tea implantation methods, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Step one: cuttage, the annual oil tea branch of clip 4cm-5cm is as cuttage fringe, cuttage fringe retains 1-2 sheet blade, cuttage fringe is put into the root-inducing powder of 50-100mg/kg, insert in culture matrix after soaking 5-6 hour in the treatment fluid that the tpn solution of the cobalamin of 3-5g/L and 800 times is made into 1:0.4:1 volume, the main component of described culture matrix is perlite, peat, humus soil, coconut palm chaff, the weight proportion of each component is perlite 7-12 part, peat 10-15 part, humus soil 4-8 part, coconut palm chaff 3-5 part, described culture matrix is disinfected with the tpn solution immersion of 800 times before use for 6-8 hour,

Step 2: cuttage manages, and carries out shading shed Shading treatment, block the sunlight of 65%-75% to cuttage seeding, keeps booth humidity 80%-95%, cuttage seeding is sprayed in after cuttage every 8-10 days to the carbendazim solution of 500 times;

Step 3: hardening, within 20 days after taking root, carry out hardening process, booth humidity is first down to 60%-70% in 1-3 days by hardening, the 4-7 days of hardening, every day removes shade sooner or later, only blocks 6 hours to 4 o'clock at 10 o'clock at noon, the shade in cuttage seeding is removed entirely in 10-12 days of hardening;

Step 4: management before transplanting, monthly executes 1 fertilizer, alternately uses the urea of 0.2% and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate solution of 0.15%;

Step 5: transplant land for growing field crops, when seedling grows to 15cm-20cm height, oil tea seedling is pressed line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 4m is transplanted to large Tanaka, land for growing field crops is selected in gentle slope on the sunny side, and the gradient is less than 15 degree; Transplant before large Tanaka by row spacing in the rows dig cave, the dark 0.5-0.8 rice in cave, transplant oil tea seedling in cave after, backfill after base manure 1.2-1.8 kilogram is mixed with the soil dug out, described base manure is 8-10 weight portion Oil-tea-cake, the mixing of 2-4 weight portion lime, 6-8 weight portion stalk, 8-12 weight portion ash, 10-12 weight portion pond sludge, 10-12 weight portion manure of livestock and poultry is become thoroughly decomposed and obtained, and wherein stalk dries rear pulverizing use;

Step 6: field management, large Tanaka oil tea seedling is normally applied fertilizer, deinsectization, diseases prevention and tending management, during the oil tea florescence, every strain tea oil tree applies to topdress 8-16 kilogram, described main component of topdressing is Erucic acid, soya-bean cake, cake of camellia oleifera seeds, oil tea shell, shrimp shell, ash, the weight proportion of each component is rape cake 6-8 part, soya-bean cake 3-5 part, Oil-tea-cake 6-8 part, oil tea shell 8-12 part, shrimp shell 4-8 part, ash 3-5 part, described preparation method of topdressing is by soya-bean cake, Oil-tea-cake, oil tea shell, after shrimp shell meal is broken, mix with the Erucic acid pulverized after mixing the fermentation maturity that adds water, its Prawn shell clear water soaks 12 hours, every 3-4 hour changes water once, shine dry grinding after immersion to use, when oil tea bears fruit the phase, every strain tea oil tree applies the above-mentioned 16-25 kilogram that topdresses.

2. oil tea implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: transplant large Tanaka in described step 5, adds the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate of base manure weight 0.2%-0.3% in the described base manure become thoroughly decomposed, and uses after mixing.

3. oil tea implantation methods according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step 2 cuttage management, arrange spraying system and spray vapours, keep air themperature 24 DEG C-28 DEG C in booth, humidity 85%-90% in shading shed.

4. oil tea implantation methods according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described oil tea bear fruit the phase time apply topdress and consist of rape cake 8 parts, soya-bean cake 4 parts, Oil-tea-cake 8 parts, 12 parts, oil tea shell, 5 parts, shrimp shell, ash 4 parts.