CN110622762A - Method for controlling germination of litchi shoots in winter - Google Patents
Method for controlling germination of litchi shoots in winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110622762A CN110622762A CN201910952905.1A CN201910952905A CN110622762A CN 110622762 A CN110622762 A CN 110622762A CN 201910952905 A CN201910952905 A CN 201910952905A CN 110622762 A CN110622762 A CN 110622762A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for controlling litchi winter shoot germination. The method comprises the following steps: (1) covering the litchi tree tray on the ground by using a covering material; (2) in early spring, after flowering and before and after harvesting, removing the covering, and spreading organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer on the covered litchi tree tray; (3) after the covering is reduced, watering; (4) the cover was removed in winter and the bare capillary root system was in air for more than 48 hours. According to the method, the capillary roots are induced to float by covering the tree disc, and then are subjected to stress treatment, so that the growth of the root system is inhibited, the fertilizer and water absorption capacity of the root system is reduced, and the germination of the winter shoots is controlled. The method is simple, labor-saving and easy to operate, and reduces the damage to the tree body; meanwhile, if crop straw covering or orchard fallen leaves covering is adopted, the purposes of environmental protection and waste recycling can be achieved, and the labor and material cost for processing the straw or orchard fallen leaves is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for controlling litchi winter shoot germination.
Background
The aging time and quality of the final litchi tip have obvious influence on the flower formation of the litchi. Too late time for the end tip to become mature causes difficult and less flower formation in spring. The early aging time of the last shoot can cause the germination of the winter shoot, thereby influencing the flower formation. There are many methods for controlling the winter shoots of litchi in production, the most common method is ring cutting, ring peeling, root breaking and other measures, and tip control can be performed by spraying tip control medicines such as paclobutrazol and the like. However, these methods have drawbacks. The channel for transporting tree nutrients is cut off by the ring cutting and ring peeling treatment, so that light and products synthesized by the leaves cannot be transported to the root system, the growth of the root system is limited, the fertilizer and water absorption capacity of the root system is reduced, and the germination of winter shoots is reduced. However, the trunk body is weakened due to girdling and girdling, the resistance of the litchi trunk body is affected, and flower and fruit dropping of the litchi are caused. The root cutting treatment can reduce the absorption of water and nutrients by the root system, thereby controlling the growth of the winter shoots. However, the root cutting treatment is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and in the spring of the next year, a large amount of new roots at the root cutting position can sprout to compete with young fruits for nutrients, so that the fruit drop is caused. Namely, the two treatment methods not only have complex operation, but also weaken tree vigor, reduce tree resistance and have great influence on flower setting and fruit setting in the next year
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling winter shoot germination, which is time-saving, labor-saving and easy to operate.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for controlling winter shoots and promoting flowers of litchi trees comprises the following steps:
(1) covering the litchi tree tray on the ground by using a covering material;
(2) in early spring, after blooming and before and after fruit harvesting, removing the covering, and spreading organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer on the covered litchi tree tray;
(3) after the covering is reduced, watering; the effect of the treatment in the steps (2) and (3) is mainly to induce the capillary root system to float. After the operation of one year, the covering object is pulled off in winter, and a large amount of capillary root systems float up to the ground.
(4) The cover was removed in winter and the bare capillary root system was in air for more than 48 hours. When the winter encounters warm and humid climate, the covering is pulled open, and the capillary root system is exposed in the air. Generally, the capillary roots die after being exposed in the air for more than 48 hours, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the water and nutrient absorption of the root system.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and (4) spreading quicklime under the tree tray after the step (4). If the weather is too humid and the temperature is higher in winter, the ground cover can be pulled open, and quicklime is spread under the tree crown, so that capillary root systems can be effectively killed.
Further, the winter weather in the step (4) is moist and warm.
Preferably, the covering thickness is more than 15cm, and the capillary roots can be induced to float only by completely shielding illumination when the covering reaches more than 15 cm.
Preferably, the covering mode is plastic film covering/organic matter covering.
Preferably, the organic matter covering is crop straw covering or orchard fallen leaf covering.
Preferably, the method may be used in conjunction with a ring-cutting or spiral ring-cutting process.
According to the method, the capillary roots are induced to float by covering the tree disc, and then are subjected to stress treatment, so that the growth of root systems is inhibited, and the fertilizer and water absorption capacity of the root systems is reduced, so that the germination of the winter shoots is controlled. The method is simple, labor-saving and easy to operate, and reduces the damage to the tree body; meanwhile, if the straw cover or the orchard fallen leaves cover is adopted, the purposes of environmental protection and waste recycling can be achieved, and the labor and material cost for processing the straw or the orchard fallen leaves is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of the litchi ground cover;
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the floating of the root system after the litchi is covered and pulled open;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of upper floating root death;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of germination conditions of winter shoots of a control group of litchi fruits with osmanthus flavor;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the condition of the winter shoots of the Guiwei litchi treatment group.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
11/29/2017, site: a litchi garden of a longan research room of a fruit institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Guangdong province; air temperature: 20-22 ℃; and (3) testing the fruit tree condition: the test tree is 6-year-old 'osmanthus-flavored', is normally managed, is covered by straw objects on the ground for a long time, and is mainly girdled when winter shoots are controlled in winter in the past year. The specific operation is as follows: the covering under the tree crown is pulled open, white capillary roots are exposed and used as a treatment group, and after 48 hours, the capillary roots are detected to be dead; selecting two groups of osmanthus-flavored litchis with the same number of plants, wherein one group of the two groups of osmanthus-flavored litchis is not treated at all and is used as a control group 1, the other group of the two groups of the osmanthus-flavored litchis is subjected to girdling treatment at a position, which is 1m away from the ground, on a main trunk and is used as a control group 2, and counting the number of the winter shoots of the treated group, the control group 1 and the control group 2 after 30 days, wherein. As shown in fig. 1-3.
TABLE 1 investigation of the germination of the sweet osmanthus flavored litchi shoots in winter
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control group 1, the germination rate of the winter shoots or the number of the germinated branches of the winter shoots is obviously reduced, which indicates that the treatment can obviously inhibit the germination of the winter shoots; compared with the control group 2, the germination rate of the winter shoots and the germination branch number of the winter shoots of the treatment group are not obviously different, which shows that the treatment group and the control group 2 can obviously inhibit the germination of the winter shoots; compared with the control group 2, the treatment group has the advantages of simple treatment, time and labor saving and no obvious weakening phenomenon to tree vigor. The control group 2 is one of the most common treatment methods for controlling the winter shoots in the current production, and the effect of the treatment group for controlling the winter shoots is not obviously different from that of the treatment group, so that the method for inhibiting the floating capillary root system after covering can be used and popularized in a large scale in the production for controlling the germination of the winter shoots.
Example 2
11/29/2017, site: a litchi garden of a longan research room of a fruit institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Guangdong province; air temperature: 20-22 ℃; and (3) testing the fruit tree condition: the test tree is 6-year-old Feizixiao, is normally managed, is covered by straw objects on the ground for a long time, and is mainly girdled when winter tip control is carried out in winter in the past year. The specific operation is as follows: the covering under the tree crown is pulled open, white capillary roots are exposed and used as a treatment group, and after 48 hours, the capillary roots are detected to be dead; selecting two groups of osmanthus-flavored litchis with the same number of strains, wherein one group is not treated as a control group 1, the other group is treated as a control group 2 in a girdling way, and counting the number of winter shoots of the treated group, the control group 1 and the control group 2 after 30 days, wherein the specific conditions are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 Feizixiao litchi winter shoot Germination survey
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group 1, the germination rate of the winter shoots or the number of the germinated branches of the winter shoots is obviously reduced, which indicates that the treatment can obviously inhibit the germination of the winter shoots; compared with the control group 2, the germination rate of the winter shoots and the germination branch number of the winter shoots of the treatment group are not obviously different, which shows that the treatment group and the control group 2 can obviously inhibit the germination of the winter shoots;
as can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the treatment groups can obviously control the winter shoots no matter in the Feizixiao and Guiwei varieties, and the method for controlling the germination of the winter shoots by using the method for inhibiting the floating capillary root system after covering has an effect on most litchi varieties and can be further popularized in production.
Example 3
11/25/2018, location: a litchi garden of a longan research room of a fruit institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Guangdong province; air temperature: 22-25 ℃; and (3) testing the fruit tree condition: the test tree is 6-year-old 'osmanthus-flavored', is normally managed, is covered by straw objects on the ground for a long time, and is mainly girdled when winter shoots are controlled in winter in the past year. The specific operation is as follows: half of the covering under the tree crown is pulled open to expose white capillary roots, half of the pulled covering is used as a treatment group, half of the covering which is not pulled open is used as a control group, and the capillary roots of the treatment group are detected to die after 48 hours. After 30 days, the number of shoots in the treated group and the control group was counted, and the details are shown in Table 3. As shown in fig. 4 and 5.
TABLE 3 investigation of the germination of the sweet osmanthus flavored litchi shoots in winter
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the control group, the treated group has obviously reduced germination rate of the winter shoots and obviously reduced number of the germinated branches of the winter shoots, which indicates that the treatment can obviously inhibit the germination of the winter shoots; the test result shows that the nutrients required by the germination of the winter shoots of the litchi are provided by the root systems on the same side and are not influenced by the conditions of the root systems on other sides, and the root systems can be partially controlled to inhibit the germination of the winter shoots at specific positions in production.
Example 4
11/25/2018, location: a litchi garden of a longan research room of a fruit institute of agricultural academy of sciences of Guangdong province; air temperature: 22-25 ℃; and (3) testing the fruit tree condition: the test tree is 6-year-old Feizixiao, is normally managed, is covered by straw objects on the ground for a long time, and is mainly girdled when winter tip control is carried out in winter in the past year. The specific operation is as follows: half of the covering under the tree crown is pulled open to expose white capillary roots, half of the pulled covering is used as a treatment group, half of the covering which is not pulled open is used as a control group, and the capillary roots of the treatment group are detected to die after 48 hours. After 30 days, the number of shoots in the treated group and the control group was counted, and the details are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Feizixiao litchi winter shoot Germination survey
As can be seen from Table 4, the test result of the Feizixiao has no obvious difference compared with the test result of the Guiwei, and the germination rate and the germination branch number of the winter shoots can be obviously reduced by treatment; the test result shows that the method for controlling the germination of the winter shoots by using the method for inhibiting the floating capillary root system after covering has an effect on most litchi varieties.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (6)
1. A method for controlling winter shoots and promoting flowers of litchi trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) covering the litchi tree tray on the ground by using a covering material;
(2) in early spring, after flowering and before and after harvesting, removing the covering, and spreading organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer on the covered litchi tree tray;
(3) after the covering is reduced, watering;
(4) the cover was removed in winter and the bare capillary root system was in air for more than 48 hours.
2. The method for controlling the winter shoots and promoting the flowering of litchi trees as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps: and (4) spreading quicklime under the tree tray after the step (4).
3. The method for controlling the winter shoots and promoting the flowering of litchi trees as claimed in claim 2, wherein the winter weather in the step (4) is humid and warm.
4. The method for controlling the winter shoots and promoting the flowering of litchi trees as claimed in claim 3, wherein the covering thickness is more than 15 cm.
5. The method for controlling the winter shoots and promoting the flowering of litchi trees as claimed in claim 4, wherein the covering mode is mulching film covering/organic matter covering.
6. The method for controlling winter shoots and promoting flowers of litchi trees as claimed in claim 5, wherein the organic matter covering is crop straw covering or orchard fallen leaves covering.
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