CN111802167A - Glutinous rice cake litchi early-maturing cultivation method - Google Patents
Glutinous rice cake litchi early-maturing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a glutinous rice cake litchi early maturing cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: 1) early aging of the last autumn shoots: ensuring that the last autumn tip is mature in the middle ten days of 10 months and the thickness reaches more than 0.5 cm; spraying foliar fertilizer prepared from nucleotide, high potassium and high phosphorus for 2-3 times each time, and spraying ethephon with low concentration for 1-2 times during the last autumn tip development period; 2) early winter shoot control: performing spiral girdling on the winter tips in the middle 10 th of the month; 3) promoting flower bud differentiation in advance: pruning in the middle and last ten days of 12 months, diluting 1000 times of the florigen prepared from cytokinin, adolescent, auxin and nucleotide, and watering in dry weather; 4) realizing early flowering, early fruit and early ripening: mechanically thinning flowers in the panicle period; controlling the flower by uniconazole immediately after the first batch of male flowers bloom; spraying 2.4-D xanthoxylin as main component during fruit setting period; spraying a leaf fertilizer for protecting and strengthening fruits at the middle and later development stages of fruits; by controlling ears, thinning flowers, protecting fruits and strengthening fruits, the maturity period of the Nuomici litchi is advanced to the middle of 6 months, and the acre yield is over 500 kg.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a glutinous rice cake litchi early maturing cultivation method.
Background
The glutinous rice cakes are the top-quality main-planted late-maturing variety in China, are mainly distributed in 15 counties and cities such as Guangdong Zhu triangular, Guangxi Qinzhou and Yulin, and the maturity period is mainly concentrated in the middle and late 6 months. According to the survey data of the national litchi and longan industry technical system, the Nuomici litchi cultivation areas are continuously reduced in three years (from 2017 to 2019), the Nuomici litchi cultivation areas are respectively 22.89 ten thousand mu, 22.49 ten thousand mu and 20.97 ten thousand mu, the yield is very low, the Nuomici litchi cultivation areas are obvious in large and small years and are respectively only 1.63 ten thousand tons, 8.0 ten thousand tons and 1.46 ten thousand tons, the mu yield in large years in 2018 is 355.70 kg/mu, and the yields in two small years in 2017 and 2019 are only about 70 kg/mu.
How to realize the high early-maturing yield of the Nuomici litchi is the top-level problem in the China litchi industry, and the main reason is that the Nuomici litchi has the defects of difficult flower formation, difficult fruit setting, serious fruit drop and fruit cracking and the like in the characteristics of the variety of the Nuomici litchi, wherein the early maturing of the Nuomici litchi refers to the fact that the Nuomici litchi is mature in the middle ten days of 6 months. In order to overcome the inherent defects of the glutinous rice cake litchi, a great deal of research is carried out by the majority of technologists, and a set of matched cultivation technology of the glutinous rice cake is provided, which comprises the technologies of timely strengthening fruiting mother branches after harvest, fully aging the last autumn tip in the middle and late 12 months, controlling the tip to promote flower growth, comprehensively protecting fruits and preventing cracking and the like, but the application of the technologies can partially solve the serious problems of difficult flower formation and fruit cracking of the glutinous rice cake, the fruit ripening time is generally 6 days later, the fruiting phenomenon in the big and small years is serious, the yield per unit area is very low and is generally lower than 250 kg/mu. Therefore, the problem of premature high yield of the glutinous rice cake is not solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a method for cultivating the glutinous rice cake litchi early, which can bring the maturation period of the glutinous rice cake litchi to the middle of 6 months.
According to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the method for cultivating the glutinous rice cake litchi early ripening comprises the following steps:
1) culturing early-aging high-quality fruiting mother branches: after picking, the early-maturing, strong and high-quality fruiting mother branches are cultured mainly through measures such as fertilizer and water management, pruning, disease and pest prevention and control and the like. After fruits are picked, soil fertilization is firstly carried out, and 20-30kg of organic fertilizer, 1.5-2.0 kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of urea are applied to each tree body; then, carrying out a proper amount of pruning work, mainly pruning upright branches, female branches, dead branches and the like; in order to guarantee tip stage and tip quality, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times at each autumn tip, spraying foliar fertilizer for the 1 st time after each autumn tip is extracted for 5-7cm, preventing and treating insect damage at the tip stage by combining with spraying of cis-cypermethrin, and spraying ethephon with low concentration for 1-2 times during the last autumn tip development period to promote the early maturity of the last autumn tip, wherein the ethephon with low concentration is mixed with 4-5ml of ethephon every 100 jin of water; by the measures, the length of the mother branch of the fruiting tree reaches 25-30cm, the thickness of the mother branch reaches more than 0.5cm, and the last autumn tip is mature in the middle ten days of 10 months.
2) And (3) early controlling germination and growth of winter shoots: the working time of the winter top control is approximately carried out in the middle ten days of 10 months, which is about 1 month earlier than the conventional method. And in the middle ten 10 months and before the last autumn tip is fully aged, performing spiral ring stripping on the trunk or the main branch when the leaves are in a turquoise state, wherein the width of a ring stripping opening is 0.3-0.5 cm, and the number of ring stripping circles is 1.6-1.8. And for the tree body which grows the winter shoots after the spiral ring stripping, spraying 300mg/L ethephon, 400mg/L paclobutrazol and 300mg/kg nucleotide three-in-one tip-controlling florigen when the winter shoots are drawn out for 3-5 cm.
3) Promoting the flower in advance: in order to ensure that the terminal buds can sprout to present white spots before the first ten days of 1 month, flower promotion is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 12 months earlier, and the main measures comprise pruning in winter; spraying and diluting 1000 times of Firework essence prepared from cytokinin, Aiduoshou, Shengduosu, and nucleotide for 1-2 times; furthermore, if continuous dry weather is encountered in 1 month late, moderate watering is required.
4) The ear control, flower thinning, fruit retention and fruit strengthening ensure that the early flowers and the early fruits are mature: when the flower spikes grow to be more than 15cm, the flower thinning machine is used for cutting and thinning flowers, 100mg/L uniconazole is sprayed immediately after the first batch of male flowers bloom, and the second batch of male flowers bloom and are manually shaken, so that the purposes of reducing the flower amount, improving the male-female ratio and the initial fruit setting rate and realizing early flowering and early fruiting are achieved. Spraying fruit setting agent prepared by using 2.4-D and growth hormone as main components, which are diluted for 1 time and are 1000 times respectively 3-5 days and 15-20 days after the female flowers are full bloom; spraying and diluting a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening foliar fertilizer prepared by using a growth hormone, amino acid, monopotassium phosphate and naphthylacetic acid by 1500 times in the middle and later development stages (35-70 days after flowering), and spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days; and (4) performing girdling on big branches to protect fruits and prevent cracking in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months (40-50 days after the flowers appear), wherein the girdling opening is 0.3cm in width according to the conditions of fruit setting and tree vigor. In addition, soil fertilization is not carried out in the whole growth period of the flowers and fruits.
According to the method for cultivating the glutinous rice cake litchi early ripening, provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, strip-shaped ditches with the depth of 12-18 cm and the width of 18-25 cm are arranged on the periphery of the water dripping line of the crown of each tree body, and organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and urea are applied to the strip-shaped ditches.
According to the method for cultivating the glutinous rice cake litchi early maturing, disclosed by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, ethephon with the concentration of 0.01% is sprayed for 1-2 times during the last autumn tip development period so as to promote the last autumn tip to be early mature and promote the second autumn tip to be old in the middle ten days of 10 months.
According to the first aspect of the invention, in the method for cultivating the early-maturing glutinous rice cake litchi, in the step 2), the trunk trees with weak tree vigor are girdled for 1.6 circles, the trunk trees with strong tree vigor are girdled for 1.8 circles, and the girdled trunk trees reach the xylem, but the xylem cannot be damaged.
According to the first aspect of the invention, in the step 2), when the tree body which grows to have a winter shoot after the spiral girdling is pulled out for 4cm, 300mg/l ethephon, 400mg/l paclobutrazol and 300mg/kg nucleotide three-in-one tip-controlling florigen are sprayed.
According to the method for cultivating the glutinous rice cake litchi early maturing, in the step 3), moderate water spraying is needed when continuous arid weather is met in the last 1 month.
According to the first aspect of the invention, in the step 4), the fructification solution prepared by using 2.4-D and shengmuosu as main ingredients, which are diluted 1000 times, is sprayed for 1 time respectively in the fructification periods 4 days and 18 days after the full bloom of female flowers.
According to the method for cultivating the glutinous rice cake litchi early ripening according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, in the step 4), 1 time of spraying and applying the foliar fertilizer for protecting and strengthening the fruits, which is prepared by diluting 1500 times with biotin, amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and naphthylacetic acid, is sprayed every 8 days or 9 days in the middle and later stages of the fruit development. In the whole flower and fruit development period, no chemical fertilizer is applied to the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and urea are applied in the soil ditch to supplement nutrition to the tree body, low-concentration ethephon is sprayed to promote early maturity of the last autumn tip, spiral girdling is carried out on the trunk or main branch in the middle 10 months to control the growth of the winter tip in advance, specially-matched foliar fertilizer is sprayed to promote the extraction of 'white spots' in the middle 1 month, the ears are controlled to loosen flowers in the development period of the ears, the fruits are sprayed and preserved in the female flower period, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the fruit period to replace ground fertilization to promote the growth of the fruits, so that the maturity period of the Nuomici litchi is advanced to the middle 6 months, and the key technical problem that the fresh fruits of the super-high-quality early-maturing litchi are lack in the market before the middle 6 months is solved.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
The invention provides a glutinous rice cake litchi early maturing cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
1) culturing early-aging high-quality fruiting mother branches: after picking fruits, cultivating early-maturing, strong and high-quality fruiting mother branches mainly through measures such as fertilizer and water management, pruning, disease and insect prevention and control and the like, so that the length of the fruiting mother branches reaches 25-30cm, the thickness of the fruiting mother branches reaches more than 0.5cm, and the last autumn tips are mature in the middle ten days of 10 months. The specific method comprises the following steps: after fruits are picked, soil fertilization is firstly carried out, 20-30kg of Odelong refined organic fertilizer, 1.5-2 kg of Norway compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15: 15) and 1kg of urea are applied to each tree; then, carrying out a proper amount of pruning work, mainly pruning upright branches, female branches, dead branches and the like; in order to guarantee the quality of the tips, spraying foliar fertilizer prepared by nucleotide, high potassium and high phosphorus 2-3 times for each autumn tip, spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time after each autumn tip is drawn out by 5-7cm, controlling insect pests at the tips such as inchworm and leaf roller by spraying cis-cypermethrin in combination with the spraying, spraying low-concentration ethephon 1-2 times during the development period of the last autumn tip to promote the early maturity of the last autumn tip, wherein the low-concentration ethephon means that 4-5ml of ethephon is added every 100 jin of water;
2) and (3) early controlling germination and growth of winter shoots: the new shoots extracted in 11 months from the Nuomici litchi are winter shoots, the flower bud differentiation of the litchi can be seriously influenced after the winter shoots occur, and the control of the extraction or the growth of the winter shoots is an important means for ensuring the flower bud differentiation of the litchi. The working time of the winter top control is approximately carried out in the middle ten days of 10 months, which is about 1 month earlier than the conventional method. The specific method comprises the following steps: in the middle ten 10 months and before the last autumn tip is fully aged, when the leaves are still in a green state, carrying out spiral ring stripping on the trunk or main branches, wherein the width of a ring stripping opening is 0.3-0.5 cm, the number of ring stripping circles is 1.6-1.8, the trunk tree with weak tree vigor is ring stripped for 1.6 circles, the trunk tree with strong tree vigor is ring stripped for 1.8 circles, and the ring stripping depth reaches the xylem. And for the tree body which grows the winter shoots after the spiral ring stripping, spraying 300mg/l ethephon, 400mg/l paclobutrazol and 300mg/kg nucleotide three-in-one tip-controlling florigen when the winter shoots are drawn out for 3-5 cm.
3) Promoting the flower in advance: in order to ensure that the terminal buds can sprout to present white spots before the first ten days of 1 month, flower promotion is carried out in the middle and last ten days of 12 months earlier, and the main measures comprise pruning in winter; spraying and diluting 1000 times of Firework essence prepared from cytokinin, Aiduoshou, Shengduosu, and nucleotide for 1-2 times; furthermore, if continuous dry weather is encountered in 1 month, moderate watering is also required.
4) The ear control, flower thinning, fruit retention and fruit strengthening ensure that the early flowers and the early fruits are mature: when the flower spikes grow to be more than 15cm, the flower thinning machine is used for cutting and thinning flowers, 100mg/L uniconazole is sprayed immediately after the first batch of male flowers bloom, and the second batch of male flowers bloom and are manually shaken, so that the purposes of reducing the flower amount, improving the male-female ratio and the initial fruit setting rate and realizing early flowering and early fruiting are achieved. Spraying fruit setting agent prepared by using 2.4-D and growth hormone as main components, which are diluted for 1 time and are 1000 times respectively 3-5 days and 15-20 days after the female flowers are full bloom; spraying and diluting a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening foliar fertilizer which is prepared by using 1500 times of growth hormone, amino acid, monopotassium phosphate and naphthylacetic acid for 1 time every 7-10 days in the middle and later fruit development period, wherein the middle and later fruit development period refers to 35-70 days after flowering; and (4) performing girdling on big branches to protect fruits and prevent cracking according to fruit setting and tree vigor approximately 40-50 days after the flowers are planted from late ten days to late ten days of 5 months, wherein the girdling opening is 0.3cm in width. In addition, soil fertilization is not carried out in the whole growth period of the flowers and fruits.
By adopting the early maturing cultivation method, the terminal autumn tip is aged in the middle ten days of 10 months, the flower spike is extracted by the white point in the first 1 month at the end of 12 months, the flower is opened in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, and the fruit is matured and harvested in the middle and last 6 months.
In some embodiments, strip-shaped ditches with the depth of 12-18 cm and the width of 18-25 cm are arranged at the periphery of the water dripping line of the crown of each tree body, and organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and urea are applied in the strip-shaped ditches.
In some embodiments, ethephon with a concentration of 0.01% is sprayed 1-2 times during the last autumn tip development period to promote early maturity of the last autumn tip and to promote aging in the middle 10 months.
In some embodiments, in step 2), the trees with weak tree vigor are girdled for 1.6 circles, the trees with strong tree vigor are girdled for 1.8 circles, the girdled is deep to xylem but cannot damage the xylem, and the girdled is used for inhibiting the growth of winter shoots, increasing the nutrient accumulation of the trees and promoting the flower bud differentiation.
In some embodiments, in step 2), for the tree body which grows the winter shoots after the spiral girdling, 300mg/l of ethephon, 400mg/l of paclobutrazol and 300mg/kg of nucleotide three-in-one tip-controlling florigen are sprayed when the winter shoots are drawn out for 4 cm.
In some embodiments, in step 3), moderate watering promotes flower growth if continuous arid weather is encountered during the last 1 month of the following year.
In some embodiments, in the step 4), 1 dilution of the sitagliptin prepared by taking 2.4-D and auxin as main components is sprayed for 1000 times in each of the fruit setting periods of 4 days and 18 days after the full bloom of the female flowers.
In some embodiments, in the step 4), 1 time of spraying is carried out every 8 days or 9 days in the middle and later development of the fruits, and the foliage fertilizer for protecting and strengthening the fruits, which is prepared by using the growth hormone, the amino acid, the monopotassium phosphate and the naphthylacetic acid and diluted by 1500 times, is applied. In the whole flower and fruit development period, no chemical fertilizer is applied to the soil.
The following are preferred embodiments:
a glutinous rice cake litchi early maturing cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) culturing early-aging high-quality fruiting mother branches: ensuring that the final autumn tip is mature in the middle ten days of 10 months, and the length of the mother branch reaches 25-30cm and the thickness reaches more than 0.5 cm. Timely and strong bearing mother branches are the basis for flowering and bearing in the next year, so that the cultivation of the strong bearing mother branches is the key condition for high yield in the next year, and the key point for improving the quality of the bearing mother branches is to pay attention to water and fertilizer management. The specific method comprises the following steps: after fruits are picked, soil fertilization is firstly carried out, 25kg of Oudelong refined organic fertilizer, 1.5-2 kg of Norway compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15: 15) and 1kg of urea are applied to each tree, a strip-shaped ditch with the depth of 15cm and the width of 20cm is arranged on the periphery of a tree crown dripping line of each tree, and the organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the urea are applied to the strip-shaped ditch; then, carrying out a proper amount of pruning work, mainly pruning upright branches, female branches, dead branches and the like; in order to ensure the shoot stage and the quality, spraying foliar fertilizer prepared by nucleotide, high potassium and high phosphorus for 2-3 times in autumn shoots each time; as a result, main pests in the growth period of the mother branch include inchworm and leaf roller moths, after each autumn tip is extracted for 5-7cm, the 1 st-time foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the cis-cypermethrin is sprayed to prevent and control the pests in the tip period, and the low-concentration ethephon is sprayed for 1-2 times in the last autumn tip growth period to promote the early maturity of the last autumn tip, wherein the low-concentration ethephon means that 4-5ml of ethephon is mixed with every 100 jin of water.
2) And (3) early controlling germination and growth of winter shoots: the new shoots extracted in 11 months from the Nuomici litchi are winter shoots, the flower bud differentiation of the litchi can be seriously influenced after the winter shoots occur, and the control of the extraction or the growth of the winter shoots is an important means for ensuring the flower bud differentiation of the litchi. The working time of the winter top control is approximately carried out in the middle ten days of 10 months, which is about 1 month earlier than the conventional method. The specific method comprises the following steps: in the middle ten 10 months and before the last autumn tip is fully aged, when the leaves are still in a green state, carrying out spiral ring stripping on the trunk or main branches, wherein the width of a ring stripping opening is 0.3-0.5 cm, the number of ring stripping circles is 1.6-1.8, the trunk tree with weak tree vigor is ring stripped for 1.6 circles, the trunk tree with strong tree vigor is ring stripped for 1.8 circles, and the ring stripping depth reaches the xylem. And for the tree body which grows the winter shoots after the spiral ring stripping, spraying 300mg/l ethephon, 400mg/l paclobutrazol and 300mg/kg nucleotide three-in-one tip-controlling florigen when the winter shoots are drawn out for 3-5 cm.
3) Promoting the flower in advance: flowering is a condition for fruiting, and in order to ensure that the terminal buds can sprout to present white spots before the first ten days of 1 month, flower promotion is carried out in the middle and last 12 months earlier, and the main measures comprise thinning and pruning in winter; spraying and diluting 1000 times of Firework essence prepared from cytokinin, Aiduoshou, Shengduosu, and nucleotide for 1-2 times; furthermore, if continuous dry weather is encountered in 1 month, moderate watering is also required.
4) The ear control, flower thinning, fruit retention and fruit strengthening ensure that the early flowers and the early fruits are mature: when the flower spikes grow to be more than 15cm, the flower thinning machine is used for cutting and thinning flowers, 100mg/L uniconazole is sprayed immediately after the first batch of male flowers bloom, and the second batch of male flowers bloom and are manually shaken, so that the purposes of reducing the flower amount, improving the male-female ratio and the initial fruit setting rate and realizing early flowering and early fruiting are achieved. Spraying fruit setting agent prepared by using 2.4-D and growth hormone as main components, which are diluted for 1000 times for 1 time respectively, in the fruit setting period of 3-5 days and 15-20 days after the female flowers bloom; spraying and diluting a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening foliar fertilizer which is prepared by using 1500 times of growth hormone, amino acid, monopotassium phosphate and naphthylacetic acid for 1 time every 7-10 days in the middle and later fruit development period, wherein the middle and later fruit development period refers to 35-70 days after flowering; and (4) performing girdling on big branches to protect fruits and prevent cracking according to fruit setting and tree vigor approximately 40-50 days after the flowers are planted from late ten days to late ten days of 5 months, wherein the girdling opening is 0.3cm in width. In addition, the soil is not applied with chemical fertilizer during the whole growth period of the flowers and fruits.
2019 and 2020, the effect is obvious after the method for early-maturing cultivation of the Nuomici litchi is applied to the 120 mu Nuomici demonstration garden in the North village Zhenglong orchard in the northeast China town of Yangdang district in Yangtze City of Guangdong province. The main phenological period is that the final autumn tip is aged in 12 days in 10 months, the tip is controlled in a spiral ring stripping mode before aging, the tip control and flower promotion time is 8 days in 10 months, white spots appear at the bottom of 12 months, flower ears (26 days in 12 months) are drawn, flowers are contained in the late 3 months, the early batch picking period is 25 days in 5 months, the large-scale planting base is the earliest ripe glutinous rice cake in China, the yield of the glutinous rice cake in the whole garden reaches 82500kg, and the yield per mu is 687.5 kg/mu (Table 1). The final autumn tip aging period of the 10 mu control area is 10 months and 20 days, the spiral girdling tip control date is 10 months and 22 days, the white spot germination period is 1 month and 6 days, the full bloom period is 3 months and 8 days, the earliest batch picking period (fruit maturity period) is 6 months and 5 days, the harvest yield is 4500kg, and the mu yield is 450 kg/mu (table 1). It should be particularly noted that the main litchi producing areas are mainly distributed in 15 counties such as Guangdong bead triangle, Guangxi Qinzhou and Yulin, and the maturity is mainly concentrated in the middle and last ten days of 6 months. By taking the Dongguan pond Changchang orchard of the earliest maturing Nuomici in Zhujiang Delta as an example, the orchard has the Nuomici litchi area of 25 mu, the last autumn tip aging period of 11 months and 16 days, the spiral ring peeling tip control date of 11 months and 20 days, the white spot germination period of 1 month and 16 days, the full bloom period of 3 months and 15 days, the earliest batch picking period (fruit maturation period) of 6 months and 15 days, the harvest yield of 7500kg and the acre yield of 300 kg/mu (table 1).
TABLE 1 test and control regions main phenological period and yield of litchi production season in 2019-2020
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown and described, but is capable of numerous equivalents and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (8)
1. The glutinous rice cake litchi early maturing cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) culturing early-aging high-quality fruiting mother branches: after fruits are picked, soil fertilization is carried out, and 20-30kg of organic fertilizer, 1.5-2.0 kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of urea are applied to each plant; then, carrying out a proper amount of pruning work, mainly pruning upright branches, female branches, dead branches and the like; in order to guarantee tip stage and tip quality, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times at each autumn tip, spraying foliar fertilizer for the 1 st time after each autumn tip is extracted for 5-7cm, preventing and treating insect damage at the tip stage by combining with spraying of cis-cypermethrin, and spraying ethephon with low concentration for 1-2 times during the last autumn tip development period to promote the early maturity of the last autumn tip, wherein the ethephon with low concentration is mixed with 4-5ml of ethephon every 100 jin of water; by the measures, the length of the mother branch of the fruiting tree reaches 25-30cm, the thickness of the mother branch reaches more than 0.5cm, and the last autumn tip is mature in the middle ten days of 10 months;
2) and (3) early controlling germination and growth of winter shoots: the working time of the tip of winter is controlled in the middle ten days of 10 months, the trunk or the main branch is spirally girdled, the width of a girdled opening is 0.3-0.5 cm, the number of the girdled circles is 1.6-1.8, and when the tree body growing the tip of winter after the spiral girdled is taken out for 3-5cm, 300mg/l ethephon, 400mg/l paclobutrazol and 300mg/kg nucleotide three-in-one tip-controlling florigen are sprayed;
3) promoting flower bud differentiation in advance: the flower promotion is carried out in the middle and late ten days of 12 months earlier, and the main measures comprise thinning and pruning in winter and spraying and diluting the florigen which is prepared by taking cytokinin, adolescent, auxin and nucleotide as main components by 1000 times for 1-2 times;
4) the ear control, flower thinning, fruit retention and fruit strengthening ensure that the early flowers and the early fruits are mature: when the flower spikes grow to be more than 15cm, carrying out short cut flower thinning by using a flower thinning machine, spraying 100mg/L uniconazole just after the first batch of male flowers bloom, and carrying out artificial flower shaking after the second batch of male flowers bloom, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the flower amount and improving the male-female ratio and the initial fruit setting rate; in the fruit setting period, 1 time of fruit setting element prepared by diluting 1000 times and using 2.4-D and shengduosu as main components is sprayed respectively; spraying and diluting 1500 times of a fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening foliar fertilizer prepared from growth hormone, amino acid, monopotassium phosphate and naphthylacetic acid in the middle and later development stages of fruits, and spraying for 1 time every 7-10 days; and (4) performing girdling on big branches to protect fruits and prevent cracking in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months according to fruit setting and tree vigor conditions, wherein the width of a girdling opening is 0.3cm, and soil fertilization is not performed in the whole growth period of the flowers and fruits.
2. The method for cultivating the litchi chinensis glutinous rice cakes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) forming strip-shaped ditches with the depth of 12-18 cm and the width of 18-25 cm at the periphery of the water dripping line of the crown of each tree body, and applying the organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the urea in the strip-shaped ditches.
3. The method for cultivating the litchi chinensis glutinous rice cakes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and spraying ethephon with the concentration of 0.01% for 1-2 times during the last growth period of the autumn tips to promote early maturity of the last autumn tips and promote aging in the middle ten days of 10 months.
4. The method for cultivating the litchi chinensis glutinous rice cakes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), girdling is carried out for 1.6 circles on trunk trees with weak tree vigor, girdling is carried out for 1.8 circles on trunk trees with strong tree vigor, and girdling is carried out for the depth of the girdling to reach xylem.
5. The method for cultivating the litchi chinensis glutinous rice cakes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2), for the tree body which grows the winter shoots after the spiral girdling, 300mg/l ethephon, 400mg/l paclobutrazol and 300mg/kg nucleotide three-in-one tip-controlling florigen are sprayed when the winter shoots are drawn out for 4 cm.
6. The method for cultivating the litchi chinensis glutinous rice cakes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 3), moderate watering is also required in case of continuous arid weather in 1 month.
7. The method for cultivating the litchi chinensis glutinous rice cakes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), the fruit setting period of 4 days and 18 days after the full bloom of the female flowers are respectively sprayed with 1 time of fruit setting element which is prepared by diluting 1000 times and takes 2.4-D and biotin as main components.
8. The method for cultivating the litchi chinensis glutinous rice cakes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4), spraying and diluting 1500 times of fruit-protecting and fruit-strengthening foliar fertilizer prepared by growth hormone, amino acid, monopotassium phosphate and naphthylacetic acid in the middle and later development period of fruits, and spraying for 1 time every 8 days or 9 days.
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| CN115152518A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-11 | 象山县农业经济特产技术推广中心 | Method for promoting early flower bud differentiation of middle and late maturing citrus varieties |
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