CN110547165A - Fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration - Google Patents
Fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1) deep ploughing is carried out for 11-12 months every year, and harrowing and soil preparation are carried out for 4 months; 2) carrying out integrated ridging, film covering and drip irrigation tape laying; 3) when the ground temperature of 10cm is stabilized above 15 ℃, the film breaking and transplanting are carried out on the fresh edible sweet potato seedlings; 4) after planting, dripping water, dripping a first water fertilizer and dripping a second water fertilizer; 5) and controlling vigorous growth 50-70 days after the planting. The cultivation method can greatly improve the average yield per unit of the sweet potatoes, reduce the production cost, comprehensively improve the production level and market competitiveness of the sweet potatoes, increase the income of sweet potato farmers, realize the continuous and stable development of the sweet potato production and promote the healthy development of the sweet potato industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of fresh-eating sweet potatoes based on water and fertilizer integration.
Background
With the transformation of the consumption concept of residents in China, the consumption of fresh sweet potatoes and sweet potato processed products is increased year by year, the added value of the processed products is high, and the economic benefit is obvious. However, in recent years, with the development and change of agriculture and rural economic society, a plurality of problems also occur in the production of fresh-eating sweet potatoes, a plurality of contradictions are faced, as barren-resistant crops, most of the fresh-eating sweet potatoes are planted in marginal lands such as poor soil fertility, barren nutrient hills and plain dry lands, and for a long time, due to unreasonable fertilization and pesticide application, lack of irrigation, year-by-year increase of labor cost, extensive management and the like, the utilization efficiency of the water and fertilizer of the sweet potatoes is low, the environmental pollution is increasingly serious, the yield and the quality are difficult to be improved in a synergistic manner, and the planting benefit of the fresh-eating sweet potatoes is severely restricted.
The water and fertilizer integration technology is the most effective important technology for solving the problem, the popularization and application of the technology can not only balance the increasingly prominent contradiction between agricultural development and water resource shortage, but also effectively relieve the serious shortage problem of labor force in agricultural production, and has important significance for environmental protection, crop yield improvement, quality improvement and agricultural modernization promotion. In recent years, the application of the water and fertilizer integrated technology in sweet potato production achieves better effect, but no water and fertilizer integrated high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technical rule for sweet potatoes exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration. The cultivation method can greatly improve the average yield per unit of the sweet potatoes, reduce the production cost, comprehensively improve the production level and market competitiveness of the sweet potatoes, increase the income of sweet potato farmers, realize the continuous and stable development of the sweet potato production and promote the healthy development of the sweet potato industry.
the invention provides a fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration, which comprises the following steps:
1) Deep ploughing for 11-12 months every year, harrowing and preparing land for 4 months, and applying 22500-30000 kg/hm 2 of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 45-60 kg/hm 2 of 5% of toxic and pungent particles and 225-300 kg/hm 2 of humic acid compound fertilizer before land preparation;
2) Carrying out integrated ridging, film covering and drip irrigation tape laying;
3) When the ground temperature of 10cm is stabilized above 15 ℃, the film breaking and transplanting are carried out on the fresh edible sweet potato seedlings;
4) Dripping water for 4-12 hours after planting, dripping a first water fertilizer 15-20 days after planting, dripping a second water fertilizer 30-40 days after planting, wherein the first water fertilizer and the second water fertilizer independently comprise water and a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer; the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is a high-potassium humic acid water-soluble fertilizer;
5) And controlling vigorous growth 50-70 days after the planting.
Preferably, the relative water content of the soil in the ridging process in the step 2) is not lower than 60 percent, the ridging process needs to be performed in a ridge shape with high fatness, a smooth ridge surface, and the ridge soil is solid and bumpy.
Preferably, the ridging and mulching conditions in step 2) include: adopting single-ridge single row in the thin land of the hills in the mountainous area, wherein the ridge distance is 75-85 cm, the ridge height is 25-30 cm, the thickness of a black-and-white film is not less than 0.01mm, and the width is not less than 90 cm; the plain and fertile land adopts large ridges and double rows, the ridge distance is 100-110 cm, the ridge height is 30-35 cm, the thickness of a black and white film is not less than 0.01mm, and the width is not less than 120 cm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fresh-eating sweet potato seedlings in the step 3) comprises the following steps:
And (3) sowing the seed potatoes on a seedbed which is sufficiently fertilized, and shearing fresh sweet potato seedlings which are thick in stems, short in internodes and thick in leaves by adopting a high-shearing mode when the seedlings grow to 20-25 cm.
Preferably, before the membrane-breaking cultivation in the step 3), the pretreatment operation of the fresh-eating sweet potato seedlings is carried out, and the pretreatment operation comprises the step of soaking the fresh-eating sweet potato seedlings in 800-1000 times of liquid medicine of 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl for 4-5 cm of seedling base parts for 5-10 min.
Preferably, the density of the membrane-breaking planting in the step 3) is 52500-60000 plants/hm 2, after the planting, the holes are sealed by using fine soil of a furrow, only 3 pieces of unfolded leaves at the top are left when the holes are sealed, and the rest leaves are completely buried in the soil.
preferably, the water dropping of step 4) includes: when the relative water content of the soil is 30-40%, dripping water for 10-12 h; when the relative water content of the soil is 40-50%, dripping water for 4-6 h.
Preferably, when the first water fertilizer is dripped in the step 4), water is firstly dripped for 1-2 h, then the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is dripped with water for 300-450 kg/hm 2, and then water is dripped for 1-2 h, and when the second water fertilizer is dripped, the consumption of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 300-450 kg/hm 2.
Preferably, the vigorous growth control in the step 5) comprises the step of carrying out foliage spraying on 900-1200 g/hm 2 of 5% uniconazole wettable powder and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times at intervals of 5-7 days.
Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises pest control, wherein the pest control comprises the steps of dripping 1.8% abamectin 2250-3000 g/hm 2 with water when water is dripped after cultivation, dripping 6000-7500 ml/hm 2 phoxim missible oil into ridges along with water according to the condition that underground pests in the field are harmful for 30 d-90 d after cultivation, dripping water and then dripping pesticide, spraying 150-225 ml/hm 2 emamectin benzoate compound pesticide on leaf surfaces according to the condition that leaf-eating pests on the upper portion of the ground are harmful for 30 d-90 d after cultivation, and no pesticide is applied to the field from 90d to the harvest period after cultivation.
The invention provides a fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration. According to the cultivation method, the sweet potato is cultivated by winter ploughing and spring harrowing, so that better soil conditions are provided for sweet potato cultivation, expansion of the root tuber and improvement of yield are facilitated, deep ploughing is not performed on the sweet potato field in the past, soil hardening is caused, expansion of the root tuber is influenced, and the contribution rate of fertilizer yield is reduced; the field operation link is simplified through the integration of ridging, film mulching and drip irrigation tape laying, labor force is saved, the film mulching can improve the ground temperature, the growth period can be advanced by 20-30 d through film-breaking cultivation (the film-breaking cultivation time is earlier than that of the traditional method, so that the film-breaking cultivation is also called as film-breaking early cultivation), and a foundation is laid for early harvesting of sweet potatoes, time-staggered sale, price fighting and benefit improvement; according to the invention, the tuberous roots begin to expand after about 40 days after the sweet potatoes are planted, sufficient nutrients can be provided for early growth of the sweet potatoes by controlling the water-fertilizer field (the fertilizer water moves forwards), the tuberous roots can be expanded early, the soluble sugar content of the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes can be improved by applying the high-potassium humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the control of the drip irrigation condition is reasonable, the cellulose content of the tuberous roots can be reduced, the commodity rate is improved, and the field water is saved; timely controlled vigorous growth inevitably leads to a decrease in yield due to excessive growth on the upper part. The cultivation method can greatly improve the average yield per unit of the sweet potatoes, reduce the production cost, comprehensively improve the production level and market competitiveness of the sweet potatoes, increase the income of sweet potato farmers, realize the continuous and stable development of the sweet potato production and promote the healthy development of the sweet potato industry. Test results show that the cultivation method can improve the contribution rate of the fertilizer yield by 30-40%, improve the content of soluble sugar by 30-40%, reduce the feeling of edible fiber, improve the yield by 30-40%, improve the commodity rate by 20-30%, save water for field irrigation by 20-30% and save labor by 40-50%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of the cultivation effect of open-field drip irrigation and film-covered drip irrigation, wherein A is open-field and drip irrigation, and B is film-covered and drip irrigation;
FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of the yield effect between the open field cultivation and the drip irrigation mulching cultivation, wherein A is the open field cultivation and B is the drip irrigation mulching;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the effect of different drip treatment yields (Jishu 26), wherein A is water dripping once, B is water dripping twice, C is water dripping three times, and D is water dripping four times;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the effect of different fertilizer application treatments (Jishu 26), wherein A is the second fertilizer application (16-6-36), B is the second fertilizer application (8-12-35), and C is the fourth fertilizer application (8-12-35).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration, which comprises the following steps:
1) Deep ploughing for 11-12 months every year, harrowing and preparing land for 4 months, and applying 22500-30000 kg/hm 2 of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 45-60 kg/hm 2 of 5% of toxic and pungent particles and 225-300 kg/hm 2 of humic acid compound fertilizer before land preparation;
2) Carrying out integrated ridging, film covering and drip irrigation tape laying;
3) When the ground temperature of 10cm is stabilized above 15 ℃, the film breaking and transplanting are carried out on the fresh edible sweet potato seedlings;
4) dripping water for 4-12 hours after planting, dripping a first water fertilizer 15-20 days after planting, dripping a second water fertilizer 30-40 days after planting, wherein the first water fertilizer and the second water fertilizer independently comprise water and a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer; the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is a high-potassium humic acid water-soluble fertilizer;
5) And controlling vigorous growth 50-70 days after the planting.
the method comprises the steps of harrowing and land preparation at 11-12 months per year, deep ploughing at 4 months, and applying well-decomposed farmyard manure 22500-30000 kg/hm 2, 5% of toxic and pungent particles 45-60 kg/hm 2 and humic acid type compound fertilizer 225-300 kg/hm 2 before land preparation, wherein N: P: K is 8:8:20, and the content of humic acid is 5%.
The invention carries out integrated ridging, film covering and drip irrigation tape laying. The invention integrates ridge making, film covering and drip irrigation tape laying, simplifies the field operation link and saves labor force; the mulching can improve the ground temperature, the film breaking and early planting can lead the growth period to be advanced by 20-30 d, and a foundation is laid for early harvesting of the sweet potatoes, staggered sales, good price fighting and benefit improvement. In the invention, the relative water content of the soil during ridging is preferably not less than 60%, and the ridging needs to be ridged and plump, smooth in ridge surface, solid in ridge soil and free of great frustration and hardiness. The invention preferably adopts a 1QLFM-2 ridging, film-covering and drip tape laying all-in-one machine to carry out ridging, film-covering and drip tape laying. In the present invention, the conditions for the ridging and the film-coating preferably include: adopting single-ridge single row in the thin land of the hills in the mountainous area, wherein the ridge distance is 75-85 cm, the ridge height is 25-30 cm, the thickness of a black-and-white film is not less than 0.01mm, and the width is not less than 90 cm; the plain and fertile land adopts large ridges and double rows, the ridge distance is 100-110 cm, the ridge height is 30-35 cm, the thickness of a black and white film is not less than 0.01mm, and the width is not less than 120 cm. In the invention, the drip irrigation tape preferably selects a drip interval of 14-16 cm, the drip end adopts a model of 12-hole water inlet and 5-hole water outlet, and one side of the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape is arranged in the middle of the ridge.
2The method for preparing the seedlings of the fresh-eating sweet potatoes comprises the following steps of sowing the sweet potatoes on a bed with sufficient basal fertilizer, when the seedlings are 20-25 cm long (about 30 d), taking thick, medium-thick and thick seedlings in a high-shear mode, cutting the seedlings into thin film, cutting the cut seedlings into thin film, cutting the cut into thin film, cutting into thin film cutting into the cut into thin film, cutting into the cut into the.
The method comprises the steps of immediately dripping water for 4-12 hours after planting, dripping a first water-soluble fertilizer 15-20 days after planting, dripping a second water-soluble fertilizer 30-40 days after planting, wherein the first water-soluble fertilizer and the second water-soluble fertilizer independently comprise water and a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, dripping a high-potassium humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for 4-6 hours when the relative water content of soil is 30-40%, dripping a fertilizer quantity of the first water-soluble fertilizer and a dripping time of the soil are preferably determined according to soil moisture, preferably dripping a fertilizer quantity of the first water-soluble fertilizer is determined according to variety characteristics, field growth and soil moisture, preferably dripping a fertilizer quantity of the first water-soluble fertilizer for 1-2 hours when the first water-soluble fertilizer is dripped, then dripping a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 300-450 kg/hm 2 with water, then dripping a water for 1-2 hours, preferably a water-soluble fertilizer for 10K 10: 35: 3.
The method is characterized in that the yield is reduced due to excessive growth of the upper part of the tree at 50-70 days after the tree is planted, the proper-time vigorous growth is controlled to avoid yield reduction caused by excessive growth of the upper part, the proper-time vigorous growth is controlled according to the growth vigor of the field for the variety with stronger growth vigor preferably in the plot with higher fertility and the rainy year, and the preferable vigorous growth control method comprises the steps of carrying out foliar spraying by using 900-1200 g/hm 2 of 5% uniconazole wettable powder and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times continuously, and carrying out foliar spraying at intervals of 5-7 days.
The cultivation method preferably further comprises pest control, wherein the pest control comprises the steps of dripping 1.8% abamectin 2250-3000 g/hm 2 with water during dripping after planting for controlling stem nematode diseases, dripping 6000-7500 ml/hm 2 phoxim missible oil into ridges along with water for 30 d-90 d after planting according to the condition that underground pests in the field are harmful, spraying and controlling leaf-eating pests by using 6000-225 ml/hm 2 A-vitamin indoxacarb compound pesticide on leaf surfaces after the planting in a dripping mode, and no longer applying pesticides after the planting for 90d to a harvest period after the planting, so that the sweet potatoes can be protected from the pest control by the leaf-eating pests in the field, sufficient photosynthetic products are provided for the growth of the sweet potatoes, the root, the stem and leaf of underground pests can be effectively protected, and the yield and the rate of products can be improved.
The invention preferably adopts mechanical harvesting: before harvesting, the drip irrigation tape and the main pipeline are put in good positions, harvesting is carried out according to market conditions of varieties at proper time, and harvesting is completed before frost falls at latest. The invention preferably adopts a 4JHSM-800/900 sweet potato vine smashing and returning machine to kill seedlings in the field, and a 4QL-1 or 4U-90 type harvester to break ridges and harvest. The invention adopts machinery to crush the seedlings and harvest the seedlings in the field, thereby saving labor force and improving harvest efficiency.
The method for cultivating a fresh-eating sweet potato based on integration of water and fertilizer is further described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, and the technical scheme of the invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.
examples 1 to 8
Test site: the test is carried out in 2016-2018 in the test field of Hongsancun town of Pingyin county of Shandong province. The test land is a plain land, the soil type is loam, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the basic fertility of the soil of a plough layer is as follows: 1.08 percent of organic matter, 0.85g/kg of total nitrogen, 85.50mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 22.02mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 121.32mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
The test varieties are: jishu 26, a variety bred by the crop research institute of academy of agricultural sciences in Shandong province; 25, Nicotiana tabacum, Ministry of agricultural science, Taiwan, Shandong province; pushu 32, institute of agricultural science and technology, Puning, Guangdong province.
The test design comprises that 8 water treatments are set in the test, random block design is carried out, the test is repeated for 3 times, the row length is 10m, the ridge distance is 80cm, the row area is 10, the cell area is 80m 2, the planting density is 57000 plants/hm 2, the test is carried out in 1 day of 5 months, and the test is harvested in 20 days of 10 months.
TABLE 1 moisture treatment of examples 1 to 8
And (4) counting the soluble sugar content, the edible fiber feeling, the water utilization rate, the commodity rate and the fresh potato yield of the sweet potato tuberous roots of the examples 1-8. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 effects of examples 1 to 8
And (4) conclusion: comparing example 1 as a control and comparing the implementation effects of examples 2-8, the three varieties are the best in implementation 7 and example 8, and comparing examples 7 and 8, the yield and the commodity rate of the two are not significantly different, but the water utilization rate and the soluble sugar content of example 7 are better than that of example 8, therefore, the comprehensive benefit analysis takes example 7 as the optimal selection.
Examples 9 to 17
test site: the test was carried out in 2016-2018 in the test field of Qingyang Zhengxituo Tourbuan in Zhongyao Zhongping City in Shandong province. The test land is a plain land, the soil type is loam, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the basic fertility of the soil of a plough layer is as follows: 1.23 percent of organic matter, 0.98g/kg of total nitrogen, 92.58mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 25.02mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 130.45mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
The test varieties are: jishu 26, a variety bred by the crop research institute of academy of agricultural sciences in Shandong province; 25, Nicotiana tabacum, Ministry of agricultural science, Taiwan, Shandong province; pushu 32, institute of agricultural science and technology, Puning, Guangdong province.
The test design comprises that 8 fertilization treatments are set in the test, no fertilization treatment is used as a control, random block design is carried out, the test is repeated for 3 times, the row length is 10m, the ridge spacing is 110cm, the row area is 20, the cell area is 110m 2, the planting density is 52500 plants/hm 2, the test is carried out for planting in 3 days of 5 months, and the test is carried out for harvesting in 20 days of 10 months.
TABLE 3 fertilization treatments of examples 9 to 17
And (4) counting the soluble sugar content, the edible cellulose feeling, the fertilizer yield contribution rate, the commodity rate and the fresh potato yield of the sweet potato tuberous roots in the examples 9-17. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 effects of examples 9 to 17
comparing the effects of examples 10-13 with example 9, the effect of example 12 is the best for all three varieties; the effects of examples 14 to 17 were compared with example 9 as a control, and the effect of example 16 was the best for all three varieties; comparing example 12 with example 16, Ji potato 26 and Nicotiana batatas 25 were optimally selected for example 12, Pushu potato 32 was optimally selected for example 16, and a combination of benefit analyses, a nitrogen fertilizer intolerant variety was optimally selected for example 12 and a nitrogen fertilizer tolerant variety was optimally selected for example 16.
Comparative example 1
by adopting the cultivation method, other cultivation conditions are consistent, the control group adopts open field drip irrigation, the experimental group adopts film-covered drip irrigation, the cultivation effect is shown in figure 1, wherein A is open field + drip irrigation, B is film-covered + drip irrigation, and according to figure 1, the field growth potential of open field + drip irrigation cultivation is inferior to that of film-covered + drip irrigation cultivation. The results of the comparison of the cultivation yield and effect are shown in fig. 2, wherein a represents open field cultivation and B represents drip irrigation and film mulching cultivation, and the yield of open field and drip irrigation cultivation is significantly lower than that of film mulching and drip irrigation cultivation.
Comparative example 2
By adopting the cultivation method of the invention, other cultivation conditions (Jishu 26) are consistent, different drip treatments are carried out, and the yield effect of the different drip treatments is shown in figure 3, wherein A is primary drip water, B is secondary drip water, C is tertiary drip water, and D is tertiary drip water. The results were: the yield, commodity rate and soluble sugar content of the primary water dripping and the secondary water dripping are lower than those of the tertiary water dripping and the quaternary water dripping, and the edible fiber is higher than those of the tertiary water dripping and the quaternary water dripping. The yield difference between the triple-dropping water and the quadruple-dropping water is not obvious, but the water utilization rate and the soluble sugar content of the triple-dropping water are higher than those of the quadruple-dropping water, so that the triple-dropping water is optimally treated.
comparative example 3
By adopting the cultivation method of the invention, other cultivation conditions (Jishu 26) are consistent, different fertilizer dropping treatments are carried out, and a graph of comparison of the yield effect (Jishu 26) of the different fertilizer dropping treatments is shown in figure 4, wherein A is fertilizer twice (16-6-36) dropped, B is fertilizer twice (8-12-35) dropped, and C is fertilizer four times (8-12-35) dropped. Compared between different fertilizer treatments, jishu 26 as a nitrogen-intolerant variety, treated with N: P: K ═ 8:12:35, had better yield, fertilizer contribution rate and soluble sugar content than N: P: K ═ 16:6:36, and the same experimental effect as N: P: K ═ 8:12:35 was achieved in the subsequent years with N: P: K ═ 10:10: 30; compared with different fertilizer dropping times, the yield, the fertilizer contribution rate and the soluble sugar content of the secondary fertilizer treatment of N: P: K-8: 12:35 are all superior to those of the fertilizer treatment of four times, and the same test effect as that of N: P: K-8: 12:35 is achieved when N: P: K-10: 30 is applied in the following years.
the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fresh-eating sweet potato cultivation method based on water and fertilizer integration comprises the following steps:
1) Deep ploughing for 11-12 months every year, harrowing and preparing land for 4 months, and applying 22500-30000 kg/hm 2 of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, 45-60 kg/hm 2 of 5% of toxic and pungent particles and 225-300 kg/hm 2 of humic acid compound fertilizer before land preparation;
2) Carrying out integrated ridging, film covering and drip irrigation tape laying;
3) When the ground temperature of 10cm is stabilized above 15 ℃, the film breaking and transplanting are carried out on the fresh edible sweet potato seedlings;
4) Dripping water for 4-12 hours after planting, dripping a first water fertilizer 15-20 days after planting, dripping a second water fertilizer 30-40 days after planting, wherein the first water fertilizer and the second water fertilizer independently comprise water and a humic acid water-soluble fertilizer; the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is a high-potassium humic acid water-soluble fertilizer;
5) And controlling vigorous growth 50-70 days after the planting.
2. the cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative water content of the soil in the ridging of step 2) is not less than 60%, and the ridging is performed with high ridging, flat and smooth surface, and is bumpy and hard.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditions of ridging and mulching of step 2) include: adopting single-ridge single row in the thin land of the hills in the mountainous area, wherein the ridge distance is 75-85 cm, the ridge height is 25-30 cm, the thickness of a black-and-white film is not less than 0.01mm, and the width is not less than 90 cm; the plain and fertile land adopts large ridges and double rows, the ridge distance is 100-110 cm, the ridge height is 30-35 cm, the thickness of a black and white film is not less than 0.01mm, and the width is not less than 120 cm.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fresh-eating sweet potato seedlings in step 3) comprises the following steps:
and (3) sowing the seed potatoes on a seedbed which is sufficiently fertilized, and shearing fresh sweet potato seedlings which are thick in stems, short in internodes and thick in leaves by adopting a high-shearing mode when the seedlings grow to 20-25 cm.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein before the film-breaking cultivation in the step 3), the fresh-eating sweet potato seedlings are subjected to pretreatment operation, and the pretreatment operation comprises soaking the fresh-eating sweet potato seedlings in 800-1000 times of liquid medicine of 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate methyl for 4-5 cm of seedling base for 5-10 min.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of the membrane-breaking cultivation in step 3) is 52500-60000 plants/hm 2, the fine soil of the furrow is used for sealing the hole after the cultivation, only 3 unfolded leaves at the top are left when the hole is sealed, and the rest leaves are all buried in the soil.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dripping water of step 4) includes: when the relative water content of the soil is 30-40%, dripping water for 10-12 h; when the relative water content of the soil is 40-50%, dripping water for 4-6 h.
8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), when the first water fertilizer is dripped, water is firstly dripped for 1-2 hours, then 300-450 kg/hm 2 of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is dripped along with water, and then water is dripped for 1-2 hours, and when the second water fertilizer is dripped, the dosage of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is 300-450 kg/hm 2.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vigorous growth control in step 5) comprises the steps of carrying out foliar spraying with 5% uniconazole wettable powder 900-1200 g/hm 2 and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 2-3 times at intervals of 5-7 days.
10. the cultivation method of claim 1, further comprising pest control, wherein the pest control comprises the steps of dripping 1.8% abamectin 2250-3000 g/hm 2 with water when water is dripped after cultivation, dripping 6000-7500 ml/hm 2 phoxim missible oil into ridges along with water according to the condition that underground pests in the field are harmful for 30 d-90 d after cultivation, dripping water and dripping pesticide firstly, spraying 150-225 ml/hm 2 methomyl compound pesticide on leaf surfaces after cultivation for 30 d-90 d according to the condition that leaf-eating pests on the ground are harmful, and no pesticide is applied in the field from 90d to harvest time after cultivation.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN111109033A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-05-08 | 海南海耕农渔业发展有限公司 | Planting method of seaweed sweet potatoes |
| CN111165296A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-05-19 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for continuous cropping sweet potatoes in hilly land |
| CN113207597A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Fresh-eating type sweet potato green planting method |
| CN114027125A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Sweet potato early standardized planting method based on early planting and harvesting |
| CN114027124A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Sweet potato dry land planting method |
| CN114642152A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-21 | 防城港市农业农机服务中心 | Water and fertilizer integrated autumn and winter planting method for southern sweet potatoes |
| CN115152553A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-10-11 | 宿迁市宿豫区农业技术推广中心 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for sweet potatoes |
| CN116034836A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-02 | 青岛农业大学 | Under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111165296A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-05-19 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for continuous cropping sweet potatoes in hilly land |
| CN111165296B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2022-02-11 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for continuous cropping sweet potatoes in hilly land |
| CN111109033A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-05-08 | 海南海耕农渔业发展有限公司 | Planting method of seaweed sweet potatoes |
| CN113207597A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 山东省农业科学院 | Fresh-eating type sweet potato green planting method |
| CN114027124A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Sweet potato dry land planting method |
| CN114027125A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Sweet potato early standardized planting method based on early planting and harvesting |
| CN114642152A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-06-21 | 防城港市农业农机服务中心 | Water and fertilizer integrated autumn and winter planting method for southern sweet potatoes |
| CN116034836A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-02 | 青岛农业大学 | Under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivation method for sweet potatoes |
| CN115152553A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-10-11 | 宿迁市宿豫区农业技术推广中心 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method for sweet potatoes |
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Application publication date: 20191210 |