CN113841578A - Sugar-increasing cultivation method for sugarcane in acidic red loam - Google Patents
Sugar-increasing cultivation method for sugarcane in acidic red loam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113841578A CN113841578A CN202111009869.9A CN202111009869A CN113841578A CN 113841578 A CN113841578 A CN 113841578A CN 202111009869 A CN202111009869 A CN 202111009869A CN 113841578 A CN113841578 A CN 113841578A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention discloses an acid laterite sugarcane sugar-increasing cultivation method, and particularly relates to the technical field of sugarcane cultivation. In the process of cultivating the sugarcane, the invention selects a new early-maturing high-sugar sugarcane variety suitable for being planted in the marine climate ecological region, can ensure the seed source quality of the sugarcane, improves the soil quality and the physicochemical properties by using a soil conditioner, namely coal ash to neutralize the acidity of laterite, to the acid laterite before planting, achieves the best environment for the growth of the sugarcane, and simultaneously, performs pesticide and fertilizer application and pest green prevention and control on the sugarcane in the middle and later periods, effectively promotes the growth of the sugarcane and the accumulation of sugar, and further can improve the yield of sugarcane stalks and the sugarcane sugar content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, in particular to a sugarcane sugar-increasing cultivation method in acidic red soil.
Background
Sugarcane is an important C4 crop for producing sucrose and ethanol as a bioenergy and has been widely planted in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. The sucrose accounts for about 78% of the total sugar production in the world and more than 90% of the total sugar production in China, and plays a great role in meeting the increasing sugar demand of people and promoting the income increase of farmers. Meanwhile, around 60% of bioethanol is derived from sugar cane on a global scale, which makes sugar cane production directly affect sugar and energy safety. The Guangdong Yuexi sugarcane region is the third major sugarcane dominant production region in China, sugarcane is an important economic crop in China, particularly in Yuexi rural areas, the sugarcane planting area is close to 200 ten thousand mu, and the sugar yield accounts for more than 85% of the whole province. About 360 ten thousand farmers live and hang on the industrial chain of one sugarcane to different degrees, and the sugar enterprises can provide employment posts of more than 6 thousands of people, thereby effectively relieving the local employment pressure. The comprehensive tax of products of the sugarcane industry chain is collected by more than 40 hundred million yuan each year, and the financial income of land occupation is about 12 percent. Sucrose has become an important economic support in northern Guangdong and Guangdong areas and a major source of income increase for farmers. Relating to the employment and richness of hundreds of thousands of farmers and sugar manufacturing enterprise employees. The invention solves the bottleneck problem of industrial technology by independently breeding new sugarcane varieties suitable for the marine climate ecological region and the sugar-increasing cultivation method, and has great significance for realizing the income increase of sugarcane farmers, the efficiency increase of sugar enterprises, promoting the development of 'one-village-one-product-one-town-one-industry', and providing technical support for the vogue of villages and the vigorous industry.
The prior art has the following defects: in order to improve the yield and the sugar content of the sugarcane, a plurality of high-sugar varieties are actively introduced and popularized in Guangdong Yuexi sugarcane areas, the sugarcane varieties such as Taitang 98-1626, Taitang 7929, Guitang No. 42, Guitang 49, Guiliu 05-136, Guangdong sugar 99-66 and the like are introduced in sequence, and the sugar content of the sugarcane are not obviously improved by a traditional cultivation method under the conditions of marine microclimate and strong acid sticky red loam.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, in the process of cultivating the sugarcane, the sugarcane is screened, soil is prepared before planting, the acidity of soil is neutralized by using coal ash for acidic red loam, meanwhile, sufficient organic carrier pesticide fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer during ditching and planting, weeds are prevented and removed by spraying three-in-one formula herbicide during intertillage management, high-content organic matter topdressing type pesticide fertilizer is applied and soil is cultivated, and the problems brought forward by the background technology are solved by a cutting method combining early maturing and early cutting and high sugar content pressing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a sugar-increasing cultivation method for sugarcane in acidic red loam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, soil preparation and ditching are carried out, after the previous crop is harvested, a sugarcane garden is timely cleaned, deep ploughing is carried out for 2 times by using a high-horsepower tractor to plough for 2 times, the soil is ploughed to the depth of 35-40cm (full deep ploughing or sugarcane ditch planting deep ploughing), the soil is subjected to solarization and weathering for 2-3 days, and then the soil is ploughed and leveled for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator to loosen the soil. The sugarcane planting ditch is opened in the afternoon on the day of sugarcane planting or the day before the sugarcane planting, the depth of the ditch is 30-35cm, the row spacing is 110cm, the width of the ditch bottom is about 20cm, the ditch bottom is flat and is provided with fine crushed soil;
step two, soil improvement, wherein the step is carried out by combining soil preparation before planting, and comprises the steps of selecting soil improvement preparation-coal ash, uniformly spreading the coal ash on the surface of the sugarcane after the upper crop is harvested and cleaned, then carrying out ploughing, turning and soil preparation operation, fully crushing the soil, uniformly burying the coal ash in a deep ploughing layer, and achieving the purposes of soil improvement and fertilization; the ploughing and soil preparation is to improve the acid red loam, the pH value of the acid red loam is 3.8-6.0, the pH value of the optimal soil for the growth of the sugarcane is 6.1-7.7, the acidity is neutralized by using coal ash, and organic carrier pesticide fertilizer is applied in the ditching and planting process until the soil is transformed into neutral or slightly acidic soil;
and step three, selecting varieties, namely selecting early-maturing high-sugar varieties suitable for growth under the conditions of oceanic microclimate ecology in the west Guangdong and medium-strong acid cohesive red soil, such as Guangdong sugar 03373, Guangdong sugar 00236 and the like. The seedlings are selected from newly planted sugarcane tail stems which grow well, have plump and strong sugarcane buds, are free from diseases, pests and rats and are not lodged, or autumn-bred sugarcane full-stem seeds. After the seedlings are harvested, leaf sheaths are stripped, the seedlings are cut into double-bud sections by a sharp knife, the tender tops of the seedlings are cut into 3-5 bud sections, the cut is flat, and sugarcane buds are easy to observe towards two sides during seed cutting so as to remove insect buds and dead buds;
step four, applying enough base fertilizer, namely applying 30 percent of special slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (base fertilizer type N: P) for sugarcane per mu2O5:K2O15: 10:5, 30% of organic matters and 50kg of coated pesticide monosultap chlorpyrifos granules containing fertilizer carriers), uniformly spreading the fertilizer in sugarcane planting ditches, and dredging the ditches to fully and uniformly mix the fertilizer and soil so as to prevent the fertilizer from excessively contacting sugarcane buds;
and fifthly, seeding and covering soil, seeding 3500 sections of left and right double-bud seedlings per mu, performing single-row drill seeding, enabling sugarcane buds to swing to two sides as much as possible, and enabling the sugarcane seeds to be in contact with finely-divided soil so as to avoid aerial suspension of large soil blocks. Covering the seedlings with the crushed soil on two sides of the planting ditch, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is about 5 cm. Then, covering with a biodegradable plastic film;
and sixthly, preventing and removing weeds, wherein the sugarcane rows are kept free of weed breeding before the sugarcane rows are sealed. 50 grams of 55 percent metolachlor-diuron, 40 grams of 56 percent methoxone sodium and 50 milliliters of 38 percent atrazine suspension are uniformly sprayed on the weeds among sugarcane rows by adding a small amount of washing powder and 1 to 2 spoons of urea and about 15 kilograms of water per mu of weeding. The spray head needs to be protected to prevent the liquid medicine from being sprayed on the sugarcane heart leaves.
Step seven: topdressing and ridging, topdressing for 5-6 months to attack stem fertilizer, and applying 30% of special slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (topdressing type N: P) for sugarcane per mu2O5:K2O12: 6:12, organic matter 30%, pesticide monocide/chlorpyrifos granule coated with fertilizer carrier) 100kg, and then largely earthing up. The gaps among the plants are required to be filled with soil, the ridges are turtle-back-shaped, and the soil is covered as thick as possible, so that a small ditch is formed among the rows.
Step eight: timely cutting and harvesting raw material sugar cane, namely, when the sugar cane is divided into the highest peaks, the high-yield high-sugar cane on the land is changed into high-quality raw material sugar cane of a sugar mill, and the early-maturing and early-cutting and the high-sugar high-squeezing are combined, so that the problem that the sugar cane which is not finished in the rapid sugar increasing period is cut and harvested in early and middle season is avoided. The high-sugar high-pressure sugarcane is characterized in that on the basis of thoroughly knowing data of all sugarcane plots in a sugarcane area, the maturity of sugarcane varieties and the sugar accumulation change rule are fully mastered, comprehensive judgment is carried out by combining with season arrangement and plan of a sugar refinery, and the maximum sugar yield of the whole season of the sugar refinery is realized.
Preferably, the coal ash in the second step is solid waste such as fly ash and bagasse ash discharged from a coal-fired sugar refinery: the pH value is 10.1, the total K content is 2.74%, the total N content is 0.36%, the total P content is 0.92%, the application amount per mu is 250kg, the fertilizer is uniformly applied to the surface of the sugarcane, then the soil preparation operation is carried out, and the organic carrier pesticide fertilizer is applied in the ditching and planting process in combination with soil improvement and fertilization.
Preferably, the variety in the third step is selected from early-maturing high-sugar type varieties (Yue sugar 03373, Yue sugar 00236 and the like) suitable for microclimate ecology and acid red soil growth, and the variety is registered by non-main crop varieties in agricultural rural areas.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the fourth step uses 30% of special slow release granular pesticide fertilizer for sugarcane, the pesticide fertilizer takes chicken manure and sheep manure as main raw materials, the fertilizer contains three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the growth of the sugarcane, trace elements such as boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, copper and iron, beneficial elements such as silicon and selenium and the like, and 3% of coated slow release pesticide, and the total nutrient content of the base fertilizer is 30%, wherein N is P2O5:K2O15: 10:5, organic matter 30 percent and the single chlorpyrifos killing pesticide coated with the fertilizer carrier, wherein 50kg of the single chlorpyrifos pesticide is applied to each mu.
Preferably, the stem fertilizer is applied in the seventh step, and 30% of special slow release granular pesticide fertilizer (top dressing type N: P) for sugarcane is applied to each mu2O5:K2O12: 6:12, organic matter 30%, coated pesticide monosultap chlorpyrifos granule containing fertilizer carrier) 100 kg.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
in the process of cultivating the sugarcane, the sugarcane varieties are screened and seed stems are treated, the quality of sugarcane seedlings can be guaranteed, low-sugar late-maturing varieties can be prevented from being selected and necrotic sugarcane buds can be removed, soil preparation before planting is carried out, then, coal ash is used for acid laterite to neutralize acidity of soil, meanwhile, sufficient organic matter carrier pesticide fertilizer is applied to be used as base fertilizer during ditching and planting, weed is prevented and removed through spraying of a three-in-one formula herbicide during intertillage management, high-content topdressing type pesticide fertilizer is applied to conduct topdressing and soil cultivation, the growing environment of the sugarcane is enabled to be more adaptive, the yield of the sugarcane is effectively improved, and the sugar content of the sugarcane per mu can be systematically improved through a cutting-harvesting method combining early-maturing and early-cutting with high-sugar content and high-pressing.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The test site of the embodiment is located in a sugarcane area of a limited sugar industry development company of wind-regulating town, Guangdong province, Rezhou city, Guangdong province, the test field is a brick red soil dry land, and the previous crop is sugarcane. After the front crop is harvested, the sugarcane top is broken by a machine, 1 plough 2 harrows 1 ditches (the depth is 35-40 cm). 37.22mg/kg of organic matter content of soil, 2.42mg/kg of total nitrogen, 253.1mg/kg of hydrolyzable nitrogen, 35.83mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 129.9mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 42.9mg/kg of exchangeable magnesium and 4.36 of pH value.
The invention provides an acidic laterite sugarcane sugar-increasing cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, preparing soil and ditching, after the sugarcane is harvested, timely cleaning a sugarcane garden, ploughing the sugarcane garden by using a high-horsepower tractor for 2 times, ploughing the sugarcane garden to the depth of 35-40cm, carrying out solarization and weathering on the soil for 2 days, and then ploughing and leveling the soil by using a rotary cultivator for 2 times to loosen the soil. The sugarcane planting ditch is opened in the morning on the sugarcane planting day, the depth of the ditch is 30-35cm, the row spacing is 110cm, the width of the ditch bottom is about 20cm, the ditch bottom is flat and is provided with fine crushed soil;
step two, soil improvement, wherein soil preparation is carried out before planting, 250kg of coal ash is used as a soil improvement preparation, the coal ash is uniformly scattered on the surface of the sugarcane ground, then ploughing and soil preparation are carried out, the soil is fully crushed, the coal ash is uniformly and deeply buried in a plough layer, and an organic carrier pesticide fertilizer is applied in the ditching and planting process;
and step three, selecting varieties, namely selecting a precocious high-sugar variety Yuetguo 00236 which is suitable for the growth of the oceanic microclimate ecology in Yuexi and the growth of the red soil with medium strong acid and viscosity in Yuetui. And (4) selecting tail stems of newly planted sugarcane as seeds of the seedlings. After the seedlings are harvested, leaf sheaths are stripped, the seedlings are cut into double-bud sections by a sharp knife, and then seed stems are soaked and disinfected by 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution;
step four, applying enough base fertilizer, namely applying 30 percent of special slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (base fertilizer type N: P) for sugarcane per mu2O5:K2O15: 10:5, 30% of organic matters and 50kg of coated pesticide monosultap chlorpyrifos granules containing fertilizer carriers), uniformly spreading the fertilizer in sugarcane planting ditches, and dredging the ditches to fully and uniformly mix the fertilizer and soil so as to prevent the fertilizer from excessively contacting sugarcane buds;
and fifthly, seeding and covering soil, seeding 3000-section left and right double-bud seedlings per mu, performing single-row drill seeding, enabling sugarcane buds to swing to two sides as much as possible, and enabling the sugarcane seeds to be in contact with finely-divided soil, so that the condition that large soil is overhead is avoided. Covering the seedlings with the crushed soil on two sides of the planting ditch, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is about 5 cm. Then, covering with a biodegradable plastic film;
and sixthly, preventing and removing weeds, wherein the sugarcane rows are kept free of weed breeding before the sugarcane rows are sealed. 50 grams of 55 percent metolachlor-diuron, 40 grams of 56 percent methoxone sodium and 50 milliliters of 38 percent atrazine suspension are uniformly sprayed on the weeds among sugarcane rows by adding a small amount of washing powder and 1 to 2 spoons of urea and about 15 kilograms of water per mu of weeding.
Step seven: topdressing and ridging, topdressing for 5-6 months to attack stem fertilizer, and applying 30% of special slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (topdressing type N: P) for sugarcane per mu2O5:K2O12: 6:12, organic matter 30%, pesticide monocide/chlorpyrifos granule coated with fertilizer carrier) 100kg, and then largely earthing up.
Step eight: timely harvesting, and harvesting the sugarcane mechanically by a harvesting method of comprehensive judgment of early ripening and early cutting and high sugar and high squeezing after the sugarcane is ripe.
Table 1 effect of treatments on sugarcane stalk yield, sugarcane sugar content, sugar content per acre of example 1
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that: under the test condition, the sugarcane stalk yield is increased by 19.48% and the sugarcane sugar is increased by 28.81% compared with the conventional treatment by adopting the sugarcane sugar increasing cultivation method (treatment 1) for the acid laterite sugarcane; the sugar increasing cultivation method of the treatment 1 improves the sugar content of the sugarcane by 1.62 percent compared with the conventional treatment, and has obvious yield increasing and sugar increasing effects.
Example 2
The test site of the embodiment is located in six sugarcane areas of a wind-regulating south-light farm in Renzhou, Guangdong province, the test field is a brick red soil dry land, and previous crops are sugarcanes. After the front crop is harvested, the sugarcane top is broken by a machine, 1 plough 2 harrows 1 ditches (the depth is 35-40 cm). The soil has 32.74mg/kg of organic matter content, 2.68mg/kg of total nitrogen, 275.2mg/kg of hydrolyzable nitrogen, 31.93mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 136.7mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 48.3mg/kg of exchangeable magnesium and a pH value of 4.02.
A sugar-increasing cultivation method for sugarcane in acidic red loam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, soil preparation and ditching, wherein after the sugarcane is harvested, a sugarcane garden is timely cleaned, a high-horsepower tractor is used for plowing and deep ploughing for 2 times, the soil is ploughed to the depth of 35-40cm, and then a rotary cultivator is used for plowing and leveling for 2 times to loosen the soil. The sugarcane planting ditch is opened in the afternoon one day before planting sugarcane, the depth of the ditch is 30-35cm, the row spacing is 110cm, the width of the ditch bottom is about 20cm, the ditch bottom is flat and is provided with fine crushed soil;
step two, soil improvement, wherein soil preparation is carried out before planting, 250kg of coal ash is used as a soil improvement preparation, the coal ash is uniformly scattered on the surface of the sugarcane ground, then ploughing and soil preparation are carried out, the soil is fully crushed, the coal ash is uniformly and deeply buried in a plough layer, and an organic carrier pesticide fertilizer is applied in the ditching and planting process;
and step three, selecting varieties, namely selecting a precocious high-sugar variety Yuetguo 03373 which is suitable for the growth of the oceanic microclimate ecology in Yuexi and the growth of the red soil with medium strong acid and viscosity in Yuetui. And (4) selecting tail stems of newly planted sugarcane as seeds of the seedlings. After the seedlings are harvested, leaf sheaths are stripped, the seedlings are cut into double-bud sections by a sharp knife, and then seed stems are soaked and disinfected by 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution;
step four, applying enough base fertilizer, and applying 30% of sweet fertilizer per muSpecial slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (base fertilizer type N: P)2O5:K2O15: 10:5, 30% of organic matters and 50kg of coated pesticide monosultap chlorpyrifos granules containing fertilizer carriers), uniformly spreading the fertilizer in sugarcane planting ditches, and dredging the ditches to fully and uniformly mix the fertilizer and soil so as to prevent the fertilizer from excessively contacting sugarcane buds;
and fifthly, seeding and covering soil, seeding 3500 sections of left and right double-bud seedlings per mu, performing single-row drill seeding, enabling sugarcane buds to swing to two sides as much as possible, and enabling the sugarcane seeds to be in contact with finely-divided soil so as to avoid aerial suspension of large soil blocks. Covering the seedlings with the crushed soil on two sides of the planting ditch, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is about 5 cm. Then, covering with a biodegradable plastic film;
and sixthly, preventing and removing weeds, wherein the sugarcane rows are kept free of weed breeding before the sugarcane rows are sealed. 50 grams of 55 percent metolachlor-diuron, 40 grams of 56 percent methoxone sodium and 50 milliliters of 38 percent atrazine suspension are uniformly sprayed on the weeds among sugarcane rows by adding a small amount of washing powder and 1 to 2 spoons of urea and about 15 kilograms of water per mu of weeding.
Step seven: topdressing and ridging, topdressing for 5-6 months to attack stem fertilizer, and applying 30% of special slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (topdressing type N: P) for sugarcane per mu2O5:K2O12: 6:12, organic matter 30%, pesticide monocide/chlorpyrifos granule coated with fertilizer carrier) 100kg, and then largely earthing up.
Step eight: timely harvesting, and after the sugarcane is ripe, manually harvesting the sugarcane by a cutting and harvesting method of comprehensive judgment of early ripening and early cutting and high sugar and high pressing.
Table 2 effect of treatments on sugarcane stalk yield, sugarcane sugar content, sugar content per acre in example 2
From the results in table 2, it can be seen that: under the test condition, the sugarcane stalk yield is increased by 18.85% and the sugarcane sugar is increased by 22.50% compared with the conventional treatment by adopting the sugarcane sugar increasing cultivation method (treatment 1) for the acid laterite sugarcane; the sugar increasing cultivation method of the treatment 1 improves the sugar content of the sugarcane by 0.69 percent compared with the conventional treatment, and has obvious yield increasing and sugar increasing effects.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. The sugar-increasing cultivation method of the sugarcane in the acidic red loam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, soil preparation and ditching are carried out, after the previous crop is harvested, a sugarcane garden is timely cleaned, deep ploughing is carried out for 2 times by using a high-horsepower tractor plough, the soil is ploughed to the soil depth of 35-40cm (full deep ploughing or sugarcane ditch planting deep ploughing), the soil is subjected to solarization and weathering for 2-3 days, and then the soil is ploughed and leveled for 2 times by using a rotary cultivator plough, so that the soil is loosened. The sugarcane planting ditch is opened in the afternoon on the day of sugarcane planting or the day before the sugarcane planting, the depth of the ditch is 30-35cm, the row spacing is 110cm, the width of the ditch bottom is about 20cm, the ditch bottom is flat and is provided with fine crushed soil;
and step two, soil improvement, wherein the step is carried out by combining soil preparation before planting, and comprises a soil improvement preparation, namely coal ash preparation, wherein the coal ash refers to solid wastes such as fly ash, bagasse ash and the like discharged from a coal-fired sugar refinery: the pH value is 10.1, the total K content is 2.74%, the total N content is 0.36%, and the total P content is 0.92%. After the crops are harvested and cleaned, 250kg of coal ash is uniformly applied to the surface of the sugarcane per mu, then ploughing and soil preparation are carried out, soil is fully crushed, and the coal ash is uniformly and deeply buried in a plough layer, so that the purposes of soil improvement and fertilization are achieved; the ploughing and soil preparation is to improve the acid red loam, the pH value of the acid red loam is 3.8-6.0, the pH value of the optimal soil for the growth of the sugarcane is 6.1-7.7, the acidity is neutralized by using coal ash, and organic carrier pesticide fertilizer is applied in the ditching and planting process until the soil is transformed into neutral or slightly acidic soil;
and step three, selecting varieties, namely selecting early-maturing high-sugar varieties suitable for growth under the conditions of oceanic microclimate ecology in the west Guangdong and medium-acid cohesive red loam, such as Guangdong sugar 03373, Guangdong sugar 00236 and the like. The seedlings are selected from newly planted sugarcane tail stems which grow well, have plump and strong sugarcane buds, are free from diseases, pests and rats and are not lodged, or autumn-bred sugarcane full-stem seeds. After the seedlings are harvested, leaf sheaths are stripped, the seedlings are cut into double-bud sections by a sharp knife, the tender tops of the seedlings are cut into 3-5 bud sections, the cut is flat, and sugarcane buds are easy to observe towards two sides during seed cutting so as to remove insect buds and dead buds;
step four, applying enough base fertilizer, namely applying 30 percent of special slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (base fertilizer type N: P) for sugarcane per mu2O5:K2O15: 10:5, 30% of organic matters and 50kg of coated pesticide monosultap chlorpyrifos granules containing fertilizer carriers), uniformly spreading the fertilizer in sugarcane planting ditches, and dredging the ditches to fully and uniformly mix the fertilizer and soil so as to prevent the fertilizer from excessively contacting sugarcane buds;
and fifthly, seeding and covering soil, seeding 3500 sections of left and right double-bud seedlings per mu, performing single-row drill seeding, enabling sugarcane buds to swing to two sides as much as possible, and enabling the sugarcane seeds to be in contact with finely-divided soil so as to avoid aerial suspension of large soil blocks. Covering the seedlings with soil on two sides of the planting ditch, wherein the thickness of the soil is about 5 cm. Then, covering with a biodegradable plastic film;
and sixthly, preventing and removing weeds, wherein the sugarcane rows are kept free of weed breeding before the sugarcane rows are sealed. 50 grams of 55 percent metolachlor-diuron, 40 grams of 56 percent methoxone sodium and 50 milliliters of 38 percent atrazine suspension are uniformly sprayed on the weeds among sugarcane rows by adding a small amount of washing powder and 1 to 2 spoons of urea and about 15 kilograms of water per mu of weeding. The spray head needs to be protected to prevent the liquid medicine from being sprayed on the sugarcane heart leaves.
Step seven: topdressing and ridging, topdressing for 5-6 months to attack stem fertilizer, and applying 30% of special slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer (topdressing type N: P) for sugarcane per mu2O5:K2O12: 6:12, organic matter 30%, pesticide monocide/chlorpyrifos granule coated with fertilizer carrier) 100kg, and then largely earthing up. The gaps among the plants are required to be filled with broken soil, the ridge surfaces are turtle-back-shaped, and the soil is covered as thick as possible, so that a small ditch is formed among the rows.
Step eight: timely cutting and harvesting raw material sugar cane, namely, when the sugar cane is divided into the highest peaks, the high-yield high-sugar cane on the land is changed into high-quality raw material sugar cane of a sugar mill, and the early-maturing and early-cutting and the high-sugar high-squeezing are combined, so that the problem that the sugar cane which is not finished in the rapid sugar increasing period is not cut and harvested in early and middle season is solved. The high-sugar high-pressure sugarcane is characterized in that on the basis of thoroughly knowing data of all sugarcane plots in a sugarcane area, the maturity of sugarcane varieties and the sugar accumulation change rule are fully mastered, comprehensive judgment is carried out by combining with the arrangement and plan of the squeezing season of a sugar mill, and the maximum sugar yield of the whole squeezing season of the sugar mill is realized.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method for sugar-increasing of acid laterite sugarcane comprises: the coal ash, which is the soil improvement agent in the second step, is solid waste such as coal ash, bagasse ash and the like discharged from a coal-fired sugar refinery: the pH value is 10.1, the total K content is 2.74%, the total N content is 0.36%, and the total P content is 0.92%. 250kg of coal ash is uniformly applied to the surface of the sugarcane per mu, then plowing and soil preparation are carried out, and the ditching and planting processes are combined with the application of organic carrier pesticide fertilizer, soil improvement and fertilization.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method for sugar-increasing of acid laterite sugarcane comprises: the variety in the third step is selected from early-maturing high-sugar type varieties (YueTang 03373, YueTang 00236 and the like) suitable for microclimate ecology and acid red loam growth, and the selected variety to be planted is registered by non-main crop varieties in the rural area of agriculture.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method for sugar-increasing of acid laterite sugarcane comprises: the base fertilizer in the fourth step uses 30% of special slow release granular pesticide fertilizer for sugarcane, the pesticide fertilizer takes chicken manure and sheep manure as main raw materials, the fertilizer contains three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the growth of the sugarcane, trace elements such as boron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, copper, iron and the like, beneficial elements such as silicon, selenium and the like, and 3% of coated slow release pesticide, and the total nutrient content of the base fertilizer is 30%, wherein N is P2O5:K2O15: 10:5, organic matter 30 percent and the single chlorpyrifos killing pesticide coated with the fertilizer carrier, wherein 50kg of the single chlorpyrifos pesticide is applied to each mu.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation method for sugar-increasing of acid laterite sugarcane comprises: the stem-attacking fertilizer is applied in the seventh step, and 30 percent of special slow-release particles for sugarcane are applied per muPesticide fertilizer (topdressing type N: P)2O5:K2O12: 6:12, organic matter 30%, coated pesticide monosultap chlorpyrifos granule containing fertilizer carrier) 100 kg.
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| CN202111009869.9A Pending CN113841578A (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2021-08-31 | Sugar-increasing cultivation method for sugarcane in acidic red loam |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114287308A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Perennial root sugarcane management method for sugarcane yellowing disease prone areas |
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| CN104737769A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Cultivating method of sugarcanes |
| CN106688537A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-24 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | High-yield cultivation method of sugarcane |
| CN111386823A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-10 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所湛江甘蔗研究中心 | Sugarcane planting method applying slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer |
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| CN106688537A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-24 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | High-yield cultivation method of sugarcane |
| CN111386823A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-10 | 广州甘蔗糖业研究所湛江甘蔗研究中心 | Sugarcane planting method applying slow-release granular pesticide fertilizer |
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| CN114287308A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Perennial root sugarcane management method for sugarcane yellowing disease prone areas |
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