CN102388730B - Method for planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area - Google Patents
Method for planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area Download PDFInfo
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- CN102388730B CN102388730B CN2011101957223A CN201110195722A CN102388730B CN 102388730 B CN102388730 B CN 102388730B CN 2011101957223 A CN2011101957223 A CN 2011101957223A CN 201110195722 A CN201110195722 A CN 201110195722A CN 102388730 B CN102388730 B CN 102388730B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid areas, and the method comprises the following steps: overlaying an irrigation facility in a heavy salinization soil environment; arranging hollow billet trickle irrigation zones in a mode of one pipe in one row; in a strip cropping mode, planting halophyte seeds on two sides of the hollow billet zone; dripping after sowing is finished to prevent seeds from being blown by wind; and combining with a water-saving trickle irrigation technology, causing soluble salt in the areas near the trickle irrigation billet trickle zone to transfer along with water or transfer to direction far away from the billet trickle by controlling the trickle irrigation flow so as to create a low-salt environment for halophyte seeds to germinate and young seedlings to grow, thereby planting the young seedlings. According to the method disclosed by the invention, inhibition on halophyte seed germination and young seedling growth by the heavy salinization soil environment can be overcome, a technical mode for developing the agricultural production on the common big rinsing salt improved saline-alkali soils can be broken through, and ecological economy halophyte is planted on a large scale so as to accumulate technical reserve for developing and utilizing the large-area saline-alkali soil wasteland in arid areas.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation field, relate to the agriculture cultivation technology of the halophytes such as large-scale planting Suaeda salsa under condition of drip irrigation.
Background technology:
China's saline soil area is wide, and the reserve cultivated land resource is mainly saline soil.Along with population increases, cultivated land resource reduces and the contradiction such as ecological degeneration, develop the salination wasteland, alleviate grain security pressure deeply concerned.The salination wasteland is the natural landscape of arid biogeographic zone, it is important reserve cultivated land resource, people adopt conventional art (building the row's of filling facility, the flood desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching) to reduce the salt alkali content of soil for a long time, this process is not only costly, and along with the arable land popularization, can be used for the drip washing salinity without more water resource, and water salt migration rule makes improvement of salt and alkaline land be faced with the contradiction of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching-accumulation of salt in the surface soil always.Halophytes is a class natural plants fauna that is grown in salt-affected soil, wherein there are many kinds to have important economic worth, In China West Arid Land cultivation halophytes at water resources shortage, improve by biological control measure and utilize the saline land and realize economic extra earning, of far-reaching significance for regional agriculture continuous developing.Although the halophytes salt tolerant, after sprouting and sprouting, the stage of being unearthed is the most weak period of salt resistance ability, in case plant builds up, salt resistance ability will strengthen.Therefore, in the plantation practice that is different from natural environment, face the impact of soil, date of seeding, temperature, humidity etc., it is very necessary creating relatively low salt concentration environment in the seedling planting phase in heavy saline.Chinese patent application numbers 200810017113.7 has been set forth at arid and gale desert saline environment implantation methods; number of patent application 200810017114.1 has been set forth in saline-alkali environment and have been pricked eyelet and sow seeds and set up the method for vegetation; these two kinds of methods all propose under non-irrigated condition; utilize snowmelt and rainwater to realize the seed germination growth; to realize that desert habitat sets up vegetation as purpose, be not suitable for the large-scale planting of economical halophytes.Number of patent application 200710099113.1 has been set forth and has been carried out the irrigation method that seawater fresh water alternate irrigation improves vegetables palatability and quality in the seawater vegetables belonging to Euhalophyte production process, this method is to utilizing the irrigation with saline water halophytes that reference is provided, but this technology lacks the elaboration that seawater vegetables belonging to Euhalophyte is irrigated seedling stage.Number of patent application 200810055057.6 has been set forth by building isolated area, in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of isolated area fresh water, the greening seedling of planting is realized the method for shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening, though can be used for the cultivation of halophytes, but the technical measures of taking have the following disadvantages for the exploitation of arid biogeographic zone saline land resource: build isolated area 1., quantities is large, is not suitable for large-scale agricultural production; 2. need a large amount of fresh water drip washing to reduce the isolated area soil salt.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area; the method is laid the drip irrigation facility in the heavily salted soil environment; regulation and control water salt; create low-salt environment and realize the seedling planting; seed is mixed wet sandy soil to be mixed the shot bar and is sowed at hollow billet both sides; can be that low-salt environment is created in Suaeda salsa or other halophytes planting in seedling stage in the heavy salt affected soil environment of arid biogeographic zone, to realize its large-scale planting.
The method of a kind of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area of the present invention follows these steps to carry out:
A, selection of land, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is the heavy saline of 3.0-5.5%, ploughs, harrows operation before sowing, makes topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
The hollow billet irrigate band is laid and is adopted " one manages delegation " mode, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6-1.0m;
C, sowing
At the beginning of being chosen in late April to 5 month sowing time, planting patterns is drilling, the Suaeda salsa seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 10-20cm, forms the wide seeding belt of 20-40cm;
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, till the degree of at every turn irrigating is overlapping with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, and dripped once in the interval in 1 day, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, enter seedling growth stage, Seedling Stage extends the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, after Seedling Stage, the Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also extends interval gradually.
The flow-control of step b drip emitter is at 1-2L/h.
Step c seeding quantity is controlled at 22.5-30.0kg/hm
2
The method of a kind of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area of the present invention; the method adopts drip irrigation; be conducive to water resource saving utilization, avoided the problem of the need of the heavily salted soil utilization in the past flood desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, for the halophytes large-scale planting is laid a good foundation.
Drip irrigation is localized irrigation, moistening local soil only, and the size and shape of ground moistening body affects the growth of plant.The distribution of dripping irrigation water in soil is subjected to the impact of flow, the soil texture etc.For same soil, if irrigation quantity is certain, the irrigator flow is large, and radius of wetted bulb is large, and the degree of depth is little, and the irrigator flow is little, and radius of wetted bulb is little, and the degree of depth is large.In view of the sticking heavy characteristics of heavy saline soil, and the actual needs of creation seed germination and the required local low-salt environment of growth of seedling, the irrigator flow-control is at 1-2L/h.
Table 1. Suaeda salsa drip irrigation breeding time distribution: the m that pours water
3/ hm
2
Built the low-salt environment of halophytes planting in seedling stage.Enter to blend diffusion with the drip irrigation current, " salt is walked with water ", zone of capillarity near zone soil salt also to lower floor or to direction migration between zone of capillarity, reduces zone of capillarity near zone soil salt, makes original geavy salt alkaline earth be suitable for halophytic seed and sprouts and growth of seedling.
Take to mix wet husky seed dressing and the timely method of drip irrigation, be beneficial to adhering to of halophytic seed, make seed be difficult for being blown away by strong wind, the present invention can take Mechanization sowing, is suitable for the large-scale planting of Suaeda salsa, salicornia europaeal or the high-alkali halophytes such as fluffy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is big agriculture test region, Kelamayi of the present invention Seedling Stage soil salt characteristic pattern, and wherein 1 is 1cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 2 is 5cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 3 is 10cm soil layer soil conductivity.
Fig. 2 is little test region, the township Seedling Stage soil salt characteristic pattern that turns in Kelamayi of the present invention, and wherein 1 is 1cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 2 is 5cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 3 is 10cm soil layer soil conductivity.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2009-2010, big agriculture development zone, Kelamayi company of Konka heavy saline was used 150 mu of demonstrations, 4 of experimental plots is set, residential quarter area 225m
2(15m * 15m);
Selection of land, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 3.0% heavy saline, and operation is ploughed, harrowed to the cultivation Suaeda salsa before sowing, make topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay the irrigate band
" one the manages delegation " mode that adopts is laid in the hollow billet irrigate band, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6m, and the drip emitter flow-control is at 1L/h;
Sowing
At the beginning of being chosen in late April to 5 month sowing time, planting patterns is drilling, the Suaeda salsa seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 10cm, forms the wide seeding belt of 20cm, and seeding quantity is controlled at 22.5kg/hm
2
Irrigate
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, till the degree of at every turn irrigating is overlapping with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, and dripped once in the interval in 1 day, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, enter seedling growth stage, Seedling Stage extends the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2After Seedling Stage, the Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also extends interval gradually, at Their Seed Germinating Period, at bullet pipe 0cm (being under the hollow billet water dropper), 15cm, 30cm place, measure the soil salt of 1cm, 5cm, 10cm soil layer, wherein recording the soil conductivity contrast under bullet pipe 30cm, bullet pipe 15cm and 0cm hollow billet water dropper is that the 1cm soil layer is 25.48: 6.07: 1, the 5cm soil layer is 9.22: 1.56: 1, and the 10cm soil layer is 1.33: 1.14: 1.Monitoring result shows: enter to blend diffusion with what drip, zone of capillarity near zone soil salt is on the one hand to zone migration between zone of capillarity, on the one hand to the direction migration of soil lower floor, and increase with soil depth, the successful of salinity migration weakens, the migration results of soil salt under drip irrigation: created the less salt soil environment in the soil layer of zone of capillarity near zone certain depth.The planting experiment of continuous 2 years shows, the halophytic seed germination rates such as test region Suaeda salsa are all more than 95%, and Growth of Seedling is good.Adopt the Suaeda salsa of this method plantation, ground dry weight biomass is all at 23193kg/hm then
2Above.
2011 in the Kelamayi the little township's heavy saline that turns, use 100 mu of demonstrations, 4 of experimental plots are set, residential quarter area 225m
2(15m * 15m);
Selection of land, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 5.5% heavy saline, and operation is ploughed, harrowed to the cultivation salicornia europaeal before sowing, make topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
" one the manages delegation " mode that adopts is laid in the hollow billet irrigate band, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.8m, and the drip emitter flow-control is at 1.5L/h;
C, sowing
At the beginning of being chosen in late April to 5 month sowing time, planting patterns is drilling, the salicornia europaeal seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 15cm, forms the wide seeding belt of 30cm, and seeding quantity is controlled at 26.5kg/hm
2
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, till the degree of at every turn irrigating is overlapping with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, and dripped once in the interval in 1 day, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, enter seedling growth stage, Seedling Stage extends the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2After Seedling Stage, the salicornia europaeal saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also extends interval gradually, Their Seed Germinating Period, under bullet pipe 0cm hollow billet water dropper, 15cm, 30cm place, measure the soil salt of 1cm, 5cm, 10cm soil layer, wherein under bullet pipe 30cm zone, bullet pipe 15cm zone and 0cm hollow billet water dropper, the soil conductivity contrast is that the 1cm soil layer is 30.26: 6.25: 1, the 5cm soil layer is 8.91: 1.45: 1, and the 10cm soil layer is 1.27: 1.24: 1.Monitoring result shows: under drip irrigation, soil salt is to leaving the below soil layer migration of hollow billet and hollow billet, and this migration results has produced the less salt soil environment at the hollow billet near zone.
2011 in the Kelamayi the little township's heavy saline that turns, use 100 mu of demonstrations, 4 of experimental plots are set, residential quarter area 225m
2(15m * 15m);
Selection of land, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 4.0% heavy saline, cultivates high-alkali fluffyly, ploughs, harrows operation before sowing, makes topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
" one the manages delegation " mode that adopts is laid in the hollow billet irrigate band, drip irrigation pipe spacing 1.0m, and the drip emitter flow-control is at 2L/h;
C, sowing
At the beginning of being chosen in late April to 5 month sowing time, planting patterns is drilling, high-alkali fluffy seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 20cm, forms the wide seeding belt of 40cm, and seeding quantity is controlled at 30.0kg/hm
2
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, till the degree of at every turn irrigating is overlapping with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, and dripped once in the interval in 1 day, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, enter seedling growth stage, Seedling Stage extends the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2After Seedling Stage, high-alkali fluffy saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also extends interval gradually, Their Seed Germinating Period, under bullet pipe 0cm hollow billet water dropper, 15cm, 30cm place, measure the soil salt of 1cm, 5cm, 10cm soil layer, wherein under bullet pipe 30cm zone, bullet pipe 15cm zone and 0cm hollow billet water dropper, the soil conductivity contrast is that the 1cm soil layer is 30.26: 6.25: 1, the 5cm soil layer is 8.91: 1.45: 1, and the 10cm soil layer is 1.27: 1.24: 1.Monitoring result shows: under drip irrigation, soil salt is to leaving the below soil layer migration of hollow billet and hollow billet, and this migration results has produced the less salt soil environment at the hollow billet near zone.
The method of a kind of planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area of the present invention, the method is because halophytes has the salt of taking the photograph ability, cradle with acrial part, a large amount of salinities is taken out of growing area, the alkaline land improving successful, this is far-reaching for the regulation and control of sealing Water-salt Balance of Irrigation District and Significance of Sustainable Development.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, selection of land, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is the heavy saline of 3.0-5.5%, ploughs, harrows operation before sowing, makes topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
The hollow billet irrigate band is laid and is adopted " one manages delegation " mode, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6-1.0m;
C, sowing
At the beginning of being chosen in late April to 5 month sowing time, planting patterns is drilling, the Suaeda salsa seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 10-20cm, forms the wide seeding belt of 20-40cm;
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, till the degree of at every turn irrigating is overlapping with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, and dripped once in the interval in 1 day, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, enter seedling growth stage, Seedling Stage extends the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, after Seedling Stage, the Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also extends interval gradually.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the flow-control of step b drip emitter is at 1-2L/h.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step c seeding quantity is controlled at 22.5-30.0kg/hm
2
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