CN102388730A - Method for planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area - Google Patents
Method for planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid area Download PDFInfo
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- CN102388730A CN102388730A CN2011101957223A CN201110195722A CN102388730A CN 102388730 A CN102388730 A CN 102388730A CN 2011101957223 A CN2011101957223 A CN 2011101957223A CN 201110195722 A CN201110195722 A CN 201110195722A CN 102388730 A CN102388730 A CN 102388730A
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting Suaeda salsa on serious saline-alkali soil by trickle irrigation in arid areas, and the method comprises the following steps: overlaying an irrigation facility in a heavy salinization soil environment; arranging hollow billet trickle irrigation zones in a mode of one pipe in one row; in a strip cropping mode, planting halophyte seeds on two sides of the hollow billet zone; dripping after sowing is finished to prevent seeds from being blown by wind; and combining with a water-saving trickle irrigation technology, causing soluble salt in the areas near the trickle irrigation billet trickle zone to transfer along with water or transfer to direction far away from the billet trickle by controlling the trickle irrigation flow so as to create a low-salt environment for halophyte seeds to germinate and young seedlings to grow, thereby planting the young seedlings. According to the method disclosed by the invention, inhibition on halophyte seed germination and young seedling growth by the heavy salinization soil environment can be overcome, a technical mode for developing the agricultural production on the common big rinsing salt improved saline-alkali soils can be broken through, and ecological economy halophyte is planted on a large scale so as to accumulate technical reserve for developing and utilizing the large-area saline-alkali soil wasteland in arid areas.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation field, relate to the agriculture cultivation technology of halophytes such as large-scale planting Suaeda salsa under the condition of drip irrigation.
Background technology:
China's saline soil area is wide, and the reserve cultivated land resource is mainly saline soil.Along with contradictions such as population increase, cultivated land resource minimizing and ecological degeneration become increasingly conspicuous, development and use salination wasteland is alleviated grain security pressure and is paid close attention to deeply.The salination wasteland is the natural landscape of arid biogeographic zone; It is important reserve cultivated land resource; People adopt conventional art (building the row's of filling facility, the big flood desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching) to reduce the salt alkali content of soil for a long time, and this process is not only costly, and along with the arable land scale enlarges; Do not had more water resource and can be used for the drip washing salinity, and water salt migration rule makes improvement of salt and alkaline land be faced with the contradiction of the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching-accumulation of salt in the surface soil always.Halophytes is the one type of natural plants fauna that is grown in the salt-affected soil; Wherein there are many kinds to have important economic value; Western arid biogeographic zone cultivation halophytes at water resources shortage; Utilize the saline land and realize economic extra earning through the biological control measure improvement, of far-reaching significance for regional agriculture continuous developing.Though the halophytes salt tolerant, sprouting and sprout the back stage of being unearthed is the most weak period of salt resistance ability, in case plant builds up, salt resistance ability will strengthen.Therefore, in the plantation practice that is different from natural environment, face the influence of soil, date of seeding, temperature, humidity etc., it is very necessary creating low relatively salt concentration environment in heavy saline land in the seedling planting phase.One Chinese patent application numbers 200810017113.7 has been set forth at arid and gale desert saline environment kind method for planting; Number of patent application 200810017114.1 has been set forth in saline-alkali environment and have been pricked eyelet and sow seeds and set up the method for vegetation; These two kinds of methods all propose under non-irrigated condition; Utilizing snowmelt and rainwater to realize the seed germination growth, is purpose to realize that vegetation is set up in the desert habitat, is not suitable for the large-scale planting of economical halophytes.Number of patent application 200710099113.1 has been set forth and has been carried out the irrigation method that seawater fresh water alternate irrigation improves vegetables palatability and quality in the seawater vegetables belonging to Euhalophyte production process; This method provides reference to utilizing the irrigation with saline water halophytes, but should technology lack the elaboration to seawater vegetables belonging to Euhalophyte irrigation in seedling stage.Number of patent application 200810055057.6 has been set forth through building isolated area; In the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of isolated area fresh water; The greening seedling of planting is realized the method for shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening, though can be used for the cultivation of halophytes, the technical measures of being taked exist following not enough for the development and use of arid biogeographic zone saline land resource: build isolated area 1.; Quantities is big, is not suitable for large-scale agricultural production; 2. need a large amount of fresh water drip washing to reduce the isolated area soil salt.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to provide the method for the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone drip irrigation plantation Suaeda salsa; This method is laid the drip irrigation facility in the heavily salted soil environment; Regulation and control water salt is created low-salt environment and is realized the seedling planting, seed is mixed wet sandy soil mix the shot bar and be sowed at the hollow billet both sides; Can be that low-salt environment is created in Suaeda salsa or other halophytes planting in seedling stage in arid biogeographic zone geavy salt alkaline earth earth environment, to realize its large-scale planting.
The method of the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention drip irrigation plantation Suaeda salsa follows these steps to carry out:
A, choosing ground, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is the heavy saline land of 3.0-5.5%, ploughs, harrows operation before the sowing, makes topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
The hollow billet irrigate band is laid and is adopted " a pipe delegation " mode, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6-1.0m;
C, sowing
Be chosen in sowing time at the beginning of late April to 5 month, planting patterns is drilling, and the Suaeda salsa seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 10-20cm, forms the wide sowing band of 20-40cm;
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, the degree of at every turn irrigating with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter overlapping till, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, drips once in 1 day at interval, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, get into the growth of seedling phase, the seedling phase prolongs the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, the seedling after date, the Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also prolongs interval gradually.
The flow-control of step b drip emitter is at 1-2L/h.
Step c seeding quantity is controlled at 22.5-30.0kg/hm
2
The method of the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention drip irrigation plantation Suaeda salsa; This method adopts the drip irrigation mode; Help water resource saving utilization, avoided the problem of the need of the heavily salted soil utilization in the past big flood desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, for the halophytes large-scale planting is laid a good foundation.
Drip irrigation is a localized irrigation, only moistening local soil, the growth of the size of ground moistening body and shape affects plant.The distribution of dripping irrigation water in soil receives the influence of flow, the soil texture etc.For with a kind of soil, if irrigation quantity is certain, the irrigator flow is big, and radius of wetted bulb is big, and the degree of depth is little, and the irrigator flow is little, and radius of wetted bulb is little, and the degree of depth is big.In view of the actual needs of the sticking heavy characteristics of heavy alkaline land soil and creation seed germination and the required local low-salt environment of growth of seedling, the irrigator flow-control is at 1-2L/h.
Table 1. Suaeda salsa drip irrigation breeding time distribution: the m that pours water
3/ hm
2
Built the low-salt environment of halophytes planting in seedling stage.Go into to blend diffusion with the drip irrigation current; " salt is walked with water "; Zone of capillarity near zone soil salt also to lower floor or direction migration between zone of capillarity, reduces zone of capillarity near zone soil salt, makes original geavy salt alkaline earth be suitable for halophytic seed and sprouts and growth of seedling.
Take to mix the wet husky seed dressing and the timely method of drip irrigation, be beneficial to adhering to of halophytic seed, make seed be difficult for being blown away by strong wind, the present invention can take the mechanization sowing, is suitable for the large-scale planting of Suaeda salsa, salicornia europaeal or high-alkali halophytes such as fluffy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a Kelamayi of the present invention big agriculture test region seedling phase soil salt characteristic pattern, and wherein 1 is 1cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 2 is 5cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 3 is 10cm soil layer soil conductivity.
Fig. 2 turns test region, township seedling phase soil salt characteristic pattern for a short time for Kelamayi of the present invention, and wherein 1 is 1cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 2 is 5cm soil layer soil conductivity, and 3 is 10cm soil layer soil conductivity.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2009-2010,150 mu of demonstrations were used in the heavy saline land of big agriculture development zone, Kelamayi company of Konka, 4 of experimental plots are set, sub-district area 225m
2(15m * 15m);
Choosing ground, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 3.0% heavy saline land, and operation is ploughed, harrowed to the cultivation Suaeda salsa before the sowing, make topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay the irrigate band
" a pipe delegation " mode that adopts is laid in the hollow billet irrigate band, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6m, and the drip emitter flow-control is at 1L/h;
Sowing
Be chosen in sowing time at the beginning of late April to 5 month, planting patterns is drilling, and the Suaeda salsa seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 10cm, forms the wide sowing band of 20cm, and seeding quantity is controlled at 22.5kg/hm
2
Irrigate
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, the degree of at every turn irrigating with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter overlapping till, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, drips once in 1 day at interval, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, get into the growth of seedling phase, the seedling phase prolongs the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, the seedling after date, the Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens; Drip irrigation also prolongs interval gradually, in the seed germination phase, at bullet pipe 0cm (being under the hollow billet water dropper), 15cm, 30cm place; Measure the soil salt of 1cm, 5cm, 10cm soil layer, wherein recording the soil conductivity contrast under bullet pipe 30cm, bullet pipe 15cm and the 0cm hollow billet water dropper is that the 1cm soil layer is 25.48: 6.07: 1; The 5cm soil layer is 9.22: 1.56: 1, and the 10cm soil layer is 1.33: 1.14: 1.Monitoring result shows: go into to blend diffusion with what drip; The zone migration between zone of capillarity on the one hand of zone of capillarity near zone soil salt; On the one hand to the direction migration of soil lower floor; And increase with soil depth, the effect of salinity migration obviously weakens the migration results of soil salt under the drip irrigation: in the soil layer of zone of capillarity near zone certain depth, created the less salt soil environment.Continuous 2 years planting experiment shows, halophytic seed germination rates such as test region Suaeda salsa are all more than 95%, seedling phase well-grown.Adopt the Suaeda salsa of this method plantation, ground dry weight biomass is all at 23193kg/hm then
2More than.
For a short time turned the township in the Kelamayi in 2011 and weigh the saline land, use 100 mu of demonstrations, 4 of experimental plots are set, sub-district area 225m
2(15m * 15m);
Choosing ground, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 5.5% heavy saline land, and operation is ploughed, harrowed to the cultivation salicornia europaeal before the sowing, make topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
" a pipe delegation " mode that adopts is laid in the hollow billet irrigate band, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.8m, and the drip emitter flow-control is at 1.5L/h;
C, sowing
Be chosen in sowing time at the beginning of late April to 5 month, planting patterns is drilling, and the salicornia europaeal seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 15cm, forms the wide sowing band of 30cm, and seeding quantity is controlled at 26.5kg/hm
2
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, the degree of at every turn irrigating with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter overlapping till, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, drips once in 1 day at interval, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, get into the growth of seedling phase, the seedling phase prolongs the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, the seedling after date, the salicornia europaeal saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens; Drip irrigation interval also prolongs gradually, and the seed germination phase is under bullet pipe 0cm hollow billet water dropper, 15cm, 30cm place; Measure the soil salt of 1cm, 5cm, 10cm soil layer, wherein the soil conductivity contrast is that the 1cm soil layer is 30.26: 6.25: 1 under bullet pipe 30cm zone, bullet pipe 15cm zone and the 0cm hollow billet water dropper; The 5cm soil layer is 8.91: 1.45: 1, and the 10cm soil layer is 1.27: 1.24: 1.Monitoring result shows: soil salt is to leaving the soil layer migration of hollow billet and hollow billet below under the drip irrigation, and this migration results has then produced the less salt soil environment at the hollow billet near zone.
For a short time turned the township in the Kelamayi in 2011 and weigh the saline land, use 100 mu of demonstrations, 4 of experimental plots are set, sub-district area 225m
2(15m * 15m);
Choosing ground, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is 4.0% heavy saline land, cultivates high-alkali fluffyly, ploughs, harrows operation before the sowing, makes topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
" a pipe delegation " mode that adopts is laid in the hollow billet irrigate band, drip irrigation pipe spacing 1.0m, and the drip emitter flow-control is at 2L/h;
C, sowing
Be chosen in sowing time at the beginning of late April to 5 month, planting patterns is drilling, and high-alkali fluffy seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 20cm, forms the wide sowing band of 40cm, and seeding quantity is controlled at 30.0kg/hm
2
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, the degree of at every turn irrigating with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter overlapping till, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, drips once in 1 day at interval, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, get into the growth of seedling phase, the seedling phase prolongs the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, the seedling after date, high-alkali fluffy saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens; Drip irrigation interval also prolongs gradually, and the seed germination phase is under bullet pipe 0cm hollow billet water dropper, 15cm, 30cm place; Measure the soil salt of 1cm, 5cm, 10cm soil layer, wherein the soil conductivity contrast is that the 1cm soil layer is 30.26: 6.25: 1 under bullet pipe 30cm zone, bullet pipe 15cm zone and the 0cm hollow billet water dropper; The 5cm soil layer is 8.91: 1.45: 1, and the 10cm soil layer is 1.27: 1.24: 1.Monitoring result shows: soil salt is to leaving the soil layer migration of hollow billet and hollow billet below under the drip irrigation, and this migration results has then produced the less salt soil environment at the hollow billet near zone.
The method of the heavy saline land of a kind of arid biogeographic zone of the present invention drip irrigation plantation Suaeda salsa; This method is because halophytes has the salt of taking the photograph ability; Cradle with acrial part; A large amount of salinities is taken out of growing area, and the alkaline land improving effect is obvious, and this is of far-reaching significance for sealing irrigated area water salt balance regulation and sustainable development.
Claims (3)
1. an arid biogeographic zone weighs the method that the saline land drip irrigation is planted Suaeda salsa, it is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
A, choosing ground, whole ground
Experimental field selecting 0-30cm soil layer salt content is the heavy saline land of 3.0-5.5%, ploughs, harrows operation before the sowing, makes topsoil smooth in small, broken bits;
Lay b, irrigate band
The hollow billet irrigate band is laid and is adopted " a pipe delegation " mode, drip irrigation pipe spacing 0.6-1.0m;
C, sowing
Be chosen in sowing time at the beginning of late April to 5 month, planting patterns is drilling, and the Suaeda salsa seed is mixed fine sand and water is mixed to shot, plants in the hollow billet two side areas, apart from 10-20cm, forms the wide sowing band of 20-40cm;
D, irrigation
Carry out drip irrigation after having broadcasted sowing seed, the degree of at every turn irrigating with adjacent capillary irrigation wetted perimeter overlapping till, the time of infertility total irrigation norm 4935m
3/ hm
2, the germination period drip irrigation is more frequent, drips once in 1 day at interval, each drip irrigation amount 180m
3/ hm
2, drip after 4 times, get into the growth of seedling phase, the seedling phase prolongs the drip irrigation time interval, each drip irrigation amount 120m
3/ hm
2, the seedling after date, the Suaeda salsa saline-alkaline tolerance strengthens, and drip irrigation also prolongs interval gradually.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the flow-control of step b drip emitter is at 1-2L/h.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that step c seeding quantity is controlled at 22.5-30.0kg/hm
2
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