CN108235887A - A kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation - Google Patents
A kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108235887A CN108235887A CN201810024867.9A CN201810024867A CN108235887A CN 108235887 A CN108235887 A CN 108235887A CN 201810024867 A CN201810024867 A CN 201810024867A CN 108235887 A CN108235887 A CN 108235887A
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- irrigation
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- tomato
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation, 60% water deficit is handled wide ridge overlay film furrow irrigation technical method in seedling stage, 70% water deficit of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming processing, the processing of 70% water deficit of fruiting period, experiment is using greenhouse tomato as research object, three horizontal irrigation low limits of 50%, 60%, 70% field capacity are set, study influence of the wide ridge overlay film ditch irrigation technology to Tomato in Greenhouse and plant strain growth, water consumption, yield and water use efficiency etc..The more conventional furrow irrigation water-saving more than 25% of the technology of the present invention method；The soil moisture is improved, and can effectively inhibit weed growth；Warm indoor air humidity can be effectively reduced, reduces disease incidence, disease index；Be conducive to improve yield and water use efficiency, promote root growth.Meanwhile bottom of trench overlay film can increase horizontal lateral infiltration while vertical leakage is reduced, and accelerate fltting speed of the flow in ditch, improve uniformity of irrigation water appilcation and irrigation efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural irrigation technologies, especially relate to a kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation.
Background technology
Irrigation is unique moisture source in protected crop cultivation, and research finds that irrigation water this consumption ratio is divided under border irrigation in facility
Match, biomass formation only accounts for that 3%, transpiration rate accounts for 27%, evaporation accounts for 20%, leakage and accounts for 50%, it is clear that border irrigation and furrow irrigation are into " most
The irrigation wasted water ".And the investment of the micro irrigation technologies such as advanced trickle irrigation is high, water adding system blocking causes crop failure so that being produced into
This increase, undoubtedly micro irrigation technology is again into " most expensive water-saving ".According to investigations in industrialized agriculture production, using efficient drop
Efficiently water-saving technology is only accounted for less than 5% for filling, microspray irrigation technology etc., and the small border irrigation of use is irrigate, irrigating through furrow still accounts for more than 90%, and is passed
The furrow irrigation of system is easy due to irrigating, and almost without other inputs in addition to water rate, acceptance is higher, is still in current vegetables production
Main irrigation method.
The prior art is insufficient：At present, wide ridge overlay film ditch irrigation technology is mainly used in big Tanaka's crop investigations, and semiarid
The collection that region is conducive to rainwater is irrigated.It is found in the water-saving irrigation research of field crop, wide furrow is filled compared with border irrigation and routine
The more excellent and suitable furrow width ratio of furrow irrigation water-saving result can improve moisture storage capacity.So see rarely having for the application study in greenhouse.
This paper is directed to greenhouse tomato, and leniently the Different Irrigation of ridge overlay film ditch irrigation technology controls the influence to yield and water use efficiency
Carry out comparative study, it is intended to determine rational wide ridge overlay film furrow irrigation irrigation program, for wide ridge overlay film ditch irrigation technology in the greenhouse
Irrigation applications provide theoretical foundation and the technological guidance on basis.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation, to solve above-mentioned technical problem.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to achieve the above object：
A kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation, the irrigation applications of this method in the greenhouse.
60% water deficit is handled wide ridge overlay film furrow irrigation technical method in seedling stage, at 70% water deficit of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming
Reason, the processing of 70% water deficit of fruiting period, conspicuousness improve yield and water use efficiency.
A kind of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film ditch irrigation method, includes the following steps：
By greenhouse tomato for for research object, three levels of 50%, 60%, 70% field capacity of setting are poured water down
Limit, is designed using completely randomized experiment, and wide ridge overlay film irrigates through furrow technical method to Tomato in Greenhouse and plant strain growth, consumption
Influence in terms of water, yield and water use efficiency；
1), experiment is using wide ridge planting form, the plantation of ridge back tomato duplicate rows, ridge across back 70cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ditch depth
20cm, line-spacing g=40cm, distance of the plant apart from side slope are 10cm, and spacing in the rows is each to handle field cultivation measure phase from m=38cm
Together；
2), the breeding time of tomato is divided into seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, fruiting period, 3 growing stage soil moistures by experiment
Lower limit is controlled as 50%, 60% and the 70% of field capacity, sets 7 processing, each handles 3 repetitions, each to locate
An independent cell is managed, totally 21 cells, during actual implementation is tested, it is difficult to stringent Controlled irrigation lower limit, therefore often handle
The fluctuation range there are one 5% (account for field and hold %) is set in the top/bottom latitude of irrigation low limit value, cell is laid at random；
1 irrigation tests scheme of table
For wherein soil moisture content lower limit in terms of the percentage of field capacity, the upper limit is the 90% of field capacity；
3), using warm indoor small atmospherium, warm indoor temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination are observed；
4), the control of irrigation quantity：During experiment respectively in ridge, the ridge back of the body, ridge slope, ridge slope foot, monitoring 10cm at furrow 5,
The soil moisture content of 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 60cm and 80cm different soil depth, when the soil water-containing of irrigation wetting depth depth
Amount starts to pour water when reaching corresponding Irrigation scheduling value, and irrigation quantity is accurately measured by water meter；Irrigation quantity is calculated with following formula：
M=100 (θ2-θ1)γH (1)
In formula：M is time irrigation quantity (m3/hm2)；θ2For soil field capacity (quality moisture content)；γ is soil weight g/
cm3；θ1For the average moisture content (quality moisture content) in H soil layers；H is irrigation wetting depth depth (cm)；Planned moist layer in soil is deep
Degree in seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, fruiting period take 40cm, 60cm, 60cm respectively；
5), water consumption calculation：Experiment process carries out in greenhouse, no precipitation and the increment of groundwater, irrigates not
Deep percolation can be generated, each breeding time water consumption of tomato is obtained according to water balance equation simplification：
ET=I- △ W (2)
In formula：ET be tomato water consumption, mm；I is tomato irrigation quantity mm；△ W are soil moisture content transformation amount mm.
Water consumption intensity is water consumption and the ratio mm/d of number of days in growing stage；Water use efficiency is unit water consumption institute
Increased yield kg/m3；
6), tamato fruit yield and growth change measure；
Each handle chooses representational 3 plants of plant, after each harvesting ripe fruit, the electronic scale for being 5g with precision
Fruit yield is measured, after harvest, the projects such as leaf dry weight, stem weight, root dry weight are measured respectively, calculating root/shoot ratio.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：Wide furrow irrigation technology is by furrow irrigation and ridge planting technology
Combine, in ridge planting, increase row spacing multiple row planting.For crop in growth course, Evaporation among plants are still water consumption
Major part, coating processing can significantly reduce terramycin dregs, and water-saving more than 25%；The soil moisture is improved, and can effectively be inhibited
Weed growth；Film coating technique can effectively reduce warm indoor air humidity simultaneously, reduce disease incidence, disease index；Be conducive to
Yield and water use efficiency are improved, promotes root growth.Meanwhile bottom of trench overlay film can increase while vertical leakage is reduced
Add horizontal lateral infiltration, accelerate fltting speed of the flow in ditch, improve uniformity of irrigation water appilcation and irrigation efficiency；In short, in Kuan Long
It is aided with overlay film on the basis of furrow irrigation again, it is a kind of strategy of up-and-coming nonirrigated farmland planting system to form wide furrow and fill film coating technique.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present invention experiment using wide ridge planting form schematic diagram；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation, the irrigation applications of the technical method in the greenhouse.
A kind of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film ditch irrigation method, includes the following steps：
By greenhouse tomato for for research object, three levels of 50%, 60%, 70% field capacity of setting are poured water down
Limit, is designed using completely randomized experiment, and wide ridge overlay film irrigates through furrow technical method to Tomato in Greenhouse and plant strain growth, consumption
Influence in terms of water, yield and water use efficiency；
1), experiment is using wide ridge planting form, as shown in Figure 1, ridge back tomato duplicate rows is planted, ridge across back 2a=70cm,
The wide c=40cm of furrow, ditch depth h=20cm, b=20cm, line-spacing g=40cm, distance of the plant apart from side slope be f=10cm, strain
Distance m=38cm, each processing field cultivation measure are identical；
2), the breeding time of tomato is divided into seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, fruiting period, 3 growing stage soil moistures by experiment
Lower limit is controlled as 50%, 60% and the 70% of field capacity, sets 7 processing, each handles 3 repetitions, each to locate
An independent cell is managed, totally 21 cells, during actual implementation is tested, it is difficult to stringent Controlled irrigation lower limit, therefore often handle
The fluctuation range there are one 5% (account for field and hold %) is set in the top/bottom latitude of irrigation low limit value, cell is laid at random；
1 irrigation tests scheme of table
For wherein soil moisture content lower limit in terms of the percentage of field capacity, the upper limit is the 90% of field capacity；
3), using warm indoor small atmospherium, warm indoor temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination are observed；
4), the control of irrigation quantity：During experiment respectively in ridge, the ridge back of the body, ridge slope, ridge slope foot, monitoring 10cm at furrow 5,
The soil moisture content of 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 60cm and 80cm different soil depth, when the soil water-containing of irrigation wetting depth depth
Amount starts to pour water when reaching corresponding Irrigation scheduling value, and irrigation quantity is accurately measured by water meter；Irrigation quantity is calculated with following formula：
M=100 (θ2-θ1)γH (1)
In formula：M is time irrigation quantity (m3/hm2)；θ2For soil field capacity (quality moisture content)；γ is soil weight g/
cm3；θ1For the average moisture content (quality moisture content) in H soil layers；H is irrigation wetting depth depth (cm)；Planned moist layer in soil is deep
Degree in seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, fruiting period take 40cm, 60cm, 60cm respectively；
5), water consumption calculation：Experiment process carries out in greenhouse, no precipitation and the increment of groundwater, irrigates not
Deep percolation can be generated, each breeding time water consumption of tomato is obtained according to water balance equation simplification：
ET=I- △ W (2)
In formula：ET be tomato water consumption, mm；I is tomato irrigation quantity mm；△ W are soil moisture content transformation amount mm.
Water consumption intensity is water consumption and the ratio mm/d of number of days in growing stage；Water use efficiency is unit water consumption institute
Increased yield kg/m3；
6), tamato fruit yield and growth change measure；
Each handle chooses representational 3 plants of plant, after each harvesting ripe fruit, the electronic scale for being 5g with precision
Fruit yield is measured, after harvest, the projects such as leaf dry weight, stem weight, root dry weight are measured respectively, calculating root/shoot ratio.
By analyze influence of the different disposal to greenhouse tomato water consumption, different disposal to greenhouse tomato fruit-setting rate, bad fruit rate,
Relationship between the influence of root/shoot ratio, greenhouse tomato yield and time of infertility water consumption, the tomato water consumption respectively handled, yield,
With water use efficiency it can be found that：
Result of the test shows each stage total water consumption of tomato and yield in quadratic function relation, and fruiting period water consumption is most
Greatly, bloom bear fruit phase water consumption intensity up to maximum；Three seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, fruiting period breeding time comparisons are found, are bloomed and are beared fruit
Phase water deficit is most apparent on the influence of tomato fruit-setting rate, and 70% water deficit of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming is remarkably improved tomato fruit-setting rate.
50%, 60%, 70% readjust-loss of fruiting period processing comparison finds that 60% water deficit reduces while can improving water use efficiency
Bad fruit rate.Comprehensive entire breeding time considers that 60% water deficit of seedling stage processing, 70% water deficit of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming processing is tied
The processing of 70% water deficit of fruiting period, can conspicuousness raising yield and water use efficiency (P<0.05), it is the wide ridge overlay film ditch in greenhouse
The popularization and application of irrigation technology provide theoretical foundation.
The above is present pre-ferred embodiments, for the ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention
Introduction, in the case where not departing from the principle of the present invention and spirit, the changes, modifications, replacement and the change that are carried out to embodiment
Type is still fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a kind of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation, which is characterized in that wide ridge overlay film furrow irrigation technical method is in the greenhouse
Irrigation applications.
A kind of 2. method of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film furrow irrigation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wide ridge overlay film furrow irrigation
60% water deficit is handled technical method in seedling stage, 70% water deficit of the phase of bearing fruit of blooming processing, 70% water deficit of fruiting period
Processing, conspicuousness improve yield and water use efficiency.
3. a kind of greenhouse Zhong Kuan ridges overlay film ditch irrigation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
By greenhouse tomato for research object, to set three horizontal irrigation low limits of 50%, 60%, 70% field capacity,
It is designed using completely randomized experiment, wide ridge overlay film irrigates through furrow technical method to Tomato in Greenhouse and plant strain growth, water consumption, production
Influence in terms of amount and water use efficiency；
1), experiment is using wide ridge planting form, the plantation of ridge back tomato duplicate rows, ridge across back 70cm, the wide 40cm of furrow, ditch depth
20cm, line-spacing g=40cm, distance of the plant apart from side slope are 10cm, and spacing in the rows is each to handle field cultivation measure phase from m=38cm
Together；
2), the breeding time of tomato is divided into seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, fruiting period, 3 growing stage soil water-physical properties by experiment
50%, 60% and the 70% of field capacity is controlled as, 7 processing are set, each handles 3 repetitions, each processing is single
An only cell, totally 21 cells, during actual implementation is tested, it is difficult to stringent Controlled irrigation lower limit, therefore often handle and exist
It is set in the top/bottom latitude of irrigation low limit value there are one the fluctuation range that field holds 5% is accounted for, cell is laid at random；
1 irrigation tests scheme of table
For wherein soil moisture content lower limit in terms of the percentage of field capacity, the upper limit is the 90% of field capacity；
3), using warm indoor small atmospherium, warm indoor temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination are observed；
4), the control of irrigation quantity：During experiment respectively in ridge, the ridge back of the body, ridge slope, ridge slope foot, monitoring 10cm, 20cm at furrow 5,
The soil moisture content of 30cm, 40cm, 60cm and 80cm different soil depth, when the soil moisture content of irrigation wetting depth depth reaches
Start to pour water during corresponding Irrigation scheduling value, irrigation quantity is accurately measured by water meter；Irrigation quantity is calculated with following formula：
M=100 (θ2-θ1)γH (1)
In formula：M is time irrigation quantity (m3/hm2)；θ2For soil field capacity (quality moisture content)；γ is soil weight g/cm3；
θ1For the average moisture content (quality moisture content) in H soil layers；H is irrigation wetting depth depth (cm)；Planned moist layer in soil depth
In seedling stage, the bloom phase of bearing fruit, fruiting period takes 40cm, 60cm, 60cm respectively；
5), water consumption calculation：Experiment process carries out in greenhouse, and no precipitation and the increment of groundwater, irrigation will not produce
Raw deep percolation, each breeding time water consumption of tomato is obtained according to water balance equation simplification：
ET=I- △ W (2)
In formula：ET be tomato water consumption, mm；I is tomato irrigation quantity mm；△ W are soil moisture content transformation amount mm.
Water consumption intensity is water consumption and the ratio mm/d of number of days in growing stage；Water use efficiency is increased by unit water consumption
Yield kg/m3；
6), tamato fruit yield and growth change measure；
Each handle chooses representational 3 plants of plant, and after each harvesting ripe fruit, the electronic scale for being 5g with precision measures
Fruit yield after harvest, is measured the projects such as leaf dry weight, stem weight, root dry weight respectively, calculates root/shoot ratio.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109006256A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of greenhouse tomato cultural method based on small flow douche |
| CN109076925A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2018-12-25 | 扬州大学 | A kind of ridge culture alternative split-root trickle irrigation precisely controlling system and method |
| TWI677281B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-11-21 | 洪國安 | Crop greenhouse environmental control system |
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