CN103270922B - Precise management method of moisture in tillering stage of rice plant after wheat straws are returned to field - Google Patents
Precise management method of moisture in tillering stage of rice plant after wheat straws are returned to field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, and relates to precise irrigation in the tillering stage of rice plants after wheat straws returned to field, in particular to a precise management method of moisture in the tillering stage of rice plants after wheat straws are returned to the field. The management method of moisture in the tillering stage of rice plants after wheat straws are returned to the field determines irrigation indexes according to corresponding quantity of the wheat straws returned to the field and soil types, and comprises the following steps that (1) a soil slight falling dry irrigation method is adopted under the condition that the quantity of the wheat straws returned to the field is in a range of 3-3.5t hm-2, and (2) a soil medium falling dry method is adopted under the condition that the quantity of the wheat straws returned to the field is in a range of 6-7t hm-2. The management method of moisture in the tillering stage of rice plants after wheat straws are returned to the field enables moisture supply and moisture required by growth of the rice plants to be consistent and solves the problems that the rice field is high restoring capacity and rice seedlings do not sprout after straws are returned to the field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, for after wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage precision irrigation, be specifically related to the irrigation method early sent out of short tiller of rice plant of tillering stage after a kind of wheat straw returning.
Background technology
Topmost cropping system in the agricultural production of rice Mai Liangshushi China, wheat straw returning is the effective way of effectively utilizing stalk resource, fertilizing soil.But after wheat straw returning, there is two large problems: the one, soil is cultivated whole plants difficulty with paddy rice; The 2nd, after wheat straw returning, rice plant of tillering stage, rots because field stalk also decomposes, make soil reduction process excessively strong, produce the noxious materials such as organic acid and hydrogen sulphide, cause rice root activity low, tiller and occur less, to have a strong impact on rice yield.Therefore, most of Wheat Straw went out of use or burned past, this not only wastes resource, but also cause atmosphere, water body environment pollution (Wang Yunqing, Wang Jing, Guo Xisheng, Wu Ji. the impact of straw-returning on paddy rice, yield of rape for years under different in moisture condition. Agriculture of Anhui science, 2009,37 (24): 11464-11465. etc.).In recent years, be combined with agronomy by agricultural machinery, substantially solved at present Wheat Straw and also ploughed whole and paddy rice and plant difficult problem in rice field, field.But after wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage the problem do not sent out of rice shoot still exist (Li Yujuan, Xu Jinyi, Li Yan, Huang Jianming, Wang Jianliang, Ding little Liang. different rice make wheat stalk total crop return Preliminary exploration under mode. Jiangsu agricultural science, 2010,5:141-143. etc.).For this problem, someone propose by open field after rice transplanting, no water layer irrigate or intermittent irrigation solve soil aeration problem after straw-returning (Gu Funan. the generation of rice anisopliae and preventive measure after straw-returning. Shanghai Agricultural science and technology, 2012,5:135. etc.).We find under study for action, and straw-returning has very big-difference, prior art to be difficult to applicable different crop-residue incorporations, the demand of soil type rice growth to moisture on the impact of rice plant of tillering stage seedling growth because crop-residue incorporation is different with soil types.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the accurate management method of a kind of wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture.
The present invention solves the problem that after straw-returning, rice field reproducibility is strong, rice seedling is not sent out, raising soil permeability, short tiller are sent out a kind of precision irrigation method of seedling, its principle is according to crop-residue incorporation and soil types, determine the soil water-containing figureofmerit that pour water tillering stage after rice transplanting, carry out precision irrigation.Make moisture supply consistent with the water demand of paddy growth.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The accurate management method of a kind of wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture, is according to crop-residue incorporation and soil types, adopts accordingly respectively following irrigation method:
1. (Wheat Straw is field amount 3～3.5t hm also to go back field in Wheat Straw half amount
-2) under condition, adopt the soil dry irrigation method that slightly falls:
(1) clay: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 51% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 51% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 20 days later;
(2) loam: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 45% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 45% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 20 days later.
(3) sand: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 36% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 36% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting 20 days is can take gap moistening irrigation method.
2. at Wheat Straw total crop return, (Wheat Straw is field amount 6～7t hm also
-2) under condition, adopt the soil moderate dry irrigation method that falls:
(1) clay: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 47% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 47% again, so circulation.Rice transplanting can be taked gap moistening irrigation method after 25 days;
(2) loam: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 40% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 40% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 25 days later.
(3) sand: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 20% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 20% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 25 days later.
In the present invention, said soil moisture content can adopt soil nmoisture content analyser to measure, soil nmoisture content analyser has Multiple Type, as soil moisture content quick analyser SU-LA, SU-LB, SU-LG(Beijing Meng Chuan great achievement Science and Technology Ltd. produce), soil moisture content quick analyser TRSI, TRS-II etc. (production of Zhejiang instrument company of Top), select a kind of.It is simple, accurately reliable that soil nmoisture content analyser is measured soil water-containing metering method.
In large area Rice Production, can also bury water depth Soil Water Content Monitoring with soil.Method is, getting a length is the pvc pipe that 40cm, diameter are 8～10cm, pipe surrounding is punched, insert soil 30cm(10cm and exceed acrial part), determine soil moisture content by water depth (pipe middle water level is from surface distance) in observation pvc pipe: in pvc pipe, the depth of water is in the time that soil slightly falls: clay 10cm, loam 8cm, sand 5cm; In the time that moderate falls to doing, in pvc pipe, the depth of water is: clay 15cm, loam 12cm, sand 8cm.
Brief description of the drawings
The accurate management method of Fig. 1 wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture
Embodiment
1, wheat straw half amount also slightly falls dry in rice field, field
After wheat straw half amount is stayed high stubble or harvesting wheat when also field refers generally to harvesting wheat, peasant takes part Wheat Straw away; Part stalk is placed into the soil when cultivated whole.
(1) clayed ground: while transplanting seedlings and after planting 5～7 days, field kept 2～3cm water layer.Transplant after 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing while being 51% to soil moisture content naturally or soil buries when water depth is 10cm and fills with 2～3cm water again, naturally fall to doing to soil moisture content be 51% or soil bury and when water depth is 10cm, fill with again 2～3cm water, so circulation.From transplanting latter 21 days, carry out gap moistening irrigation.
(2) loam ground: while transplanting seedlings and after planting 5～7 days, field kept 2～3cm water layer.Transplant after 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing while being 45% to soil moisture content naturally or soil buries when water depth is 8cm and fills with 2～3cm water again, naturally fall to doing to soil moisture content be 45% or soil bury and when water depth is 8cm, fill with again 2～3cm water, so circulation.From transplanting latter 21 days, carry out gap moistening irrigation.
(3) sand ground: while transplanting seedlings and after planting 5～7 days, field kept 2～3cm water layer.Transplant after 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing while being 36% to soil moisture content naturally or soil buries when water depth is 5cm and fills with 2～3cm water again, naturally fall to doing to soil moisture content be 36% or soil bury and when water depth is 5cm, fill with again 2～3cm water, so circulation.From transplanting latter 21 days, carry out gap moistening irrigation.
2, wheat straw total crop return rice field moderate falls dry
When referring generally to wheat mechanical harvesting, wheat straw total crop return by crushed stalk, when cultivated whole, whole Wheat Straws are placed into the soil.
(1) clayed ground: while transplanting seedlings and after planting 5～7 days, field kept 2～3cm water layer.Transplant after 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing while being 47% to soil moisture content naturally or soil buries when water depth is 15cm and fills with 2～3cm water again, naturally fall to doing to soil moisture content be 47% or soil bury and when water depth is 15cm, fill with again 2～3cm water, so circulation.From transplanting latter 26 days, carry out gap moistening irrigation.
(2) loam ground: while transplanting seedlings and after planting 5～7 days, field kept 2～3cm water layer.Transplant after 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing while being 40% to soil moisture content naturally or soil buries when water depth is 12cm and fills with 2～3cm water again, naturally fall to doing to soil moisture content be 40% or soil bury and when water depth is 12cm, fill with again 2～3cm water, so circulation.From transplanting latter 26 days, carry out gap moistening irrigation.
(3) sand ground: while transplanting seedlings and after planting 5～7 days, field kept 2～3cm water layer.Transplant after 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing while being 20% to soil moisture content naturally or soil buries when water depth is 8cm and fills with 2～3cm water again, naturally fall to doing to soil moisture content be 20% or soil bury and when water depth is 8cm, fill with again 2～3cm water, so circulation.From transplanting latter 26 days, carry out gap moistening irrigation.
Other culture technique
1, transplanting technology
Technical essential: (1) Precision Seeding is even to be broadcast, the seedling of floppy disk drought.Every dish is broadcast 100 grams of gulches, 1:80 is compared in seedling land for growing field crops; (2) length of time rice seedlings grow was controlled in 20 days, planted sufficient Basic Seedling, seeding row spacing 30cm × 11.7cm, every m
227～28 caves, every cave 3-4 seedling left and right, every m
2basic Seedling 95～100 seedlings.
2, fertilizer practice
Technical essential: applied nitrogen in the time of infertility (purity nitrogen) 240kg hm
-2, by base manure (transplanting first 1 day): tillering fertilizer (planting latter 7 days): ear manuer (branch stalk idiophase)=use at 4: 2: 4; Before transplanting, (base manure) executes phosphate fertilizer (P
2o
5) 72kg hm
-2, transplanting previous crops base manure applied once; Application of potash fertilizer (K
2o) 120kg hm
-2, point base manure (84kg hm
-2) and ear manuer (36kg hm
-2) administered twice.
3, the extermination of disease and insect pest
According to rice pest regional prediction forecast, use low toxicity, low-residual, efficient, safety, environmental-protecting chemical agricultural chemicals and biopesticide.
Embodiment
Respectively at 2010-2012 in Yangzhou with japonica rice variety and rice variety, carry out the accurate management exercise of wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture (being called for short moisture accurately manages) in Lianyun Harbour with japonica rice variety, keep shoaling layer as contrast taking tillering stage.Moisture is accurately managed from contrast except water management in tillering stage method is different, and all the other cultivation steps are as in full accord in seedling, Planting Densities, fertilizing time and fertilizing amount, the extermination of disease and insect pest etc.Result shows, compared with the control, the accurate management method of moisture has significantly increased rice plant of tillering stage root system oxidizing force, tiller number and seedling dry weight (table 1-2); Output has increased 8.1-18.2%, and irrigation water has reduced 10.4-25.5%, and irrigation water utilization ratio has improved 22.6-51.5%.(table 3-4).
Table 1 Yangzhou pilot wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture accurately management to tillering stage improving activity of root system, tiller number and
§moisture is accurately managed, and irrigates according to Straw Weight of Wheat Return, soil types, soil moisture content or soil water buried depth.
* represents compared with the control, significant difference in P=0.01 level; Tong Lan, same to crop-residue incorporation, same to kind, with between soil types relatively.
Table 2 Lianyun Harbour pilot wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture accurately management to tillering stage improving activity of root system, tiller number and seedling dry weight
in table, data are 2010,2011 and 2012 3 years and transplant the mean value of measuring for latter 11 days, 16 days and 20 days 3 times; Accurately manage between the two in contrast and moisture, except tillering stage irrigation method difference, all the other cultivation steps are identical.
contrast: keep shoaling layer.
§moisture is accurately managed, and irrigates according to crop-residue incorporation, soil types, soil moisture content or soil water buried depth.
* represents compared with the control, significant difference in P=0.01 level; Tong Lan, same to crop-residue incorporation, same to kind, with between soil types relatively.
Table 3 Yangzhou pilot wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture accurately management to output and water use efficiency
§moisture is accurately managed, and irrigates according to Straw Weight of Wheat Return, soil types, soil moisture content or soil water buried depth.
irrigation water utilization ratio=output/irrigation water
* represents compared with the control, significant difference in P=0.01 level; Tong Lan, same to crop-residue incorporation, same to kind, with between soil types relatively.
Table 4 Lianyun Harbour pilot wheat straw returning rice plant of tillering stage moisture accurately management to output and water use efficiency
contrast: keep shoaling layer.
§moisture is accurately managed, and irrigates according to crop-residue incorporation, soil types, soil moisture content or soil water buried depth.
* represents compared with the control, significant difference in P=0.01 level; Tong Lan, same to crop-residue incorporation, same to kind, with between soil types relatively.
Claims (1)
1. the accurate management method of rice plant of tillering stage moisture after wheat straw returning, is characterized in that determining irrigation index according to the crop-residue incorporation of following correspondence and soil types:
1) at also field amount 3～3.5t hm of Wheat Straw
-2under condition, adopt the soil dry irrigation method that slightly falls:
(1) clay: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 51% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 51% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 20 days later;
(2) loam: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 45% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 45% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 20 days later;
(3) sand: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 36% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 36% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 20 days later;
2) at also field amount 6～7t hm of Wheat Straw
-2under condition, adopt the soil moderate dry irrigation method that falls:
(1) clay: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 47% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 47% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 25 days later;
(2) loam: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 40% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 40% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 25 days later;
(3) sand: after rice transplanting 5～7 days, rice field falls to doing naturally in the time that soil moisture content is 20% filled with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater again, naturally falls dry, fill with 2～3cm shallow seated groundwater, then it is dry to fall in the time that soil moisture content is 20% again, so circulation; Rice transplanting is taked gap moistening irrigation method for 25 days later.
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| CN104115728B (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-01-20 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | The soil moisture content that mango is suitable and irrigation method |
| CN104855195B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-03-08 | 扬州大学 | A kind of rice water-saving irrigation method |
| CN107182711A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-22 | 合肥申沃园艺有限公司 | A kind of water-saving irrigation method |
| CN109005836B (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-07-03 | 扬州大学 | Irrigation method for improving utilization efficiency of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of rice |
| CN109874620B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-11-06 | 扬州大学 | Accurate water management method for machine-transplanted rice in seedling stage |
| CN111602496A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-01 | 江西省农业技术推广总站 | Japonica rice fertilizing method |
| CN111512914A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for returning all straws to field in continuous cropping planting of rice |
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